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THE INFLUENCE OF FASHION MAGAZINES ON THE BODY IMAGE SATISFACTION OF COLLEGE WOMEN: An Exploratory Analysis
By: Dani Bell, Lauren Grigsby, Taylor Hahn, and Adam Hesseltine
Video Clips
Evolution Onslaught
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaH4y6ZjSfE
Some Background
Ideal body size changing 1940s, ectomorphic (thin) body types
perceived negatively 1980s, ectomorphic seen as most sexually
appealing Miss America contestants and Playboy
models body sizes continually decreased Crucial area of investigation because
related to low self-esteem and depression Portrayal of thin body ideal pressures girls
to be dissatisfied with their own bodiesTurner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
The Method
Experimental 49 college female participants randomly assigned Two conditions: fashion magazine group, news
magazine group Materials
Four fashion magazines, four news magazines Questionnaire administered following magazine
browsing 9 female body types provided, select most
desired 31 items assessing dieting attitudes and
perceptions of body
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
The Procedure
Girls participate in 30 minute interview assessing body image dissatisfaction
Wait in room with either only fashion magazines provided or news magazines
Taken to large classroom for questionnaire
10 girls who indicated they did not read a magazine were not included in analyses
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Statistical Analysis
DV: Women’s body image satisfaction IV: Magazine type Hypothesis: Women who viewed fashion
magazine prior to questionnaire would report lower body satisfaction, preferred smaller body type, greater preoccupation with dieting
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Results
T-test revealed no sig. differences in ideal body type opinions for two groups
T-test revealed sig. differences in ideal weight for two groups
Women who viewed magazines reported more frustration with their weight
Reported less satisfied with the shape of their bodies
Reported more guilt while eating, after eating, weighing themselves several times a week, afraid of getting fat
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Results (cont’d)
Variable Total Sample Fashion Magazine News Magazine
Body Image SatisfactionI am pleased about my body 3.1 2.72 3.33*I am very frustrated about my weight 2.88 3.28 2.71*I feel satisfied with the shape of my body 2.96 2.56 3.29*Dieting Attitudes and BehaviorsI am on a diet… 2.45 2.89 2.29*I weigh myself more than once a week 2.45 2.94 2.24*My only intent when I exercise is to keep my weight down 2.69 3.22 2.47**I feel guilty while I am eating 2.71 3.06 2.43*I feel guilty after I eat 2.86 3.28 2.52*Preoccupation with ThinnessI am preoccupied with a desire to be thinner 2.86 3.55 2.48***I am afraid of getting fat 3.65 4.17 3.43*
(Adapted from Turner, 1997, p. 609)
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Discussion
Demonstrate media’s role in shaping perceptions of society
Results consistent with previous findings Extend previous findings by showing that
preoccupation with thinness is heightened by fashion magazines
Using actual magazines made setting more like real world
Perception of being overweight leads to greater body image dissatisfaction
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Critical Review: Interesting Points Although the sample size was small, the results they found
were interesting Particularly the significant difference in the ideal weight recorded
for those who saw the fashion magazines versus those in the control condition
The findings on race in relation to body image and satisfaction discussed in the discussion section African-Americans reported a much higher rate of body
satisfaction than Caucasian, Hispanic, or Asian women. Hispanic women reported lower rates of satisfaction as compared
to Caucasian women. The difference between ideal body type from the 1940s to
the 1980s and today. In the 1940s an individual with an “ectomorphic” or slender body
type was seen negatively as being nervous, submissive and socially withdrawn.
In the 1980s, however the ectomorphic body type was seen as more desirable and sexually appealing.
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Critical Review: Weak Points Sample very small and predominantly
white Are effects heightened by being asked to
evaluate body Evaluate whether there are any long-term
results
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
True/False
The women who read the fashion magazines and the women who read the newspapers reported the same ideal weight.
The results of this study were consistent with research from previous studies
There were significant differences in ideal weight for two conditions
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Test Questions: Multiple Choice
An ectomorphic body type is a(n) A) overweight body B) medium-sized body C) thin body
Which of the following is TRUE about the study: A) the women in the two conditions differed significantly prior
to the study B) viewing the fashion magazines led to lower levels of body
satisfaction C) ideal height differed significantly between the two groups
The average weight of Miss America contestants and Playboy Model has ___________ over time A) increased B) decreased C) stayed the same
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Answers:
True/False False True True
Multiple Choice C B B
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer, D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612.
Reference
Turner, S., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L., &Dwyer,
D. (1997). The Influence of Fashion Magazines on the Body Image Satisfaction of College Women: An Exploratory Analysis. Adolescence, 32(127), 603-612
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaH4y6ZjSfE