The Industrial Revolution

Journal Write

Please discuss items that have been invented or greatly improved within your lifetime.

Journal Write

Why is it called the Industrial Revolution? Consider/discuss separate words Industrial and Revolution.

Journal Write

What might be the positive and negative results of the Industrial Revolution? The Information Revolution?

The Agricultural Revolution• Enclosure Movement• Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.• Large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers

or to give up farming and move to cities.• Jethro Tull and the seed drill

• Crop Rotation• Improved Livestock Breeding

Crop Rotation

Wheat

Barley

Clover

Turnips

Why Britain?• Natural Resources• Water power and coal to fuel the new machines.• Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings• Rivers for inland transportation, harbors from which merchant

ships set sail• Economic Strength• Wealthy businessmen willing to invest in new inventions.• Highly developed banking system.

• Political Stability• Factors of Production• Land, Labor, Capital

Major Inventions in the Textile Industry

• Flying Shuttle – doubled work a weaver could do in a day• Spinning Jenny• Water Frame• Spinning Mule• Power Loom• Cotton Gin

Development of Factories• Enclosure Movement/Labor Force• Space• Efficiency• Control

Improvements in Transportation• James Watt/Matthew Boulton (entrepreneur) - improved steam

engine.• Robert Fulton – Steam Boat• System of Canals• John McAdam, improved roads• Locomotives/Railways• Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a

cheap way to transport materials and finished products.• Railroads created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both

railroad workers and miners (iron for tracks, coal for steam engines.)

• Boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which could transport their products to distant cities.

• People lived/traveled outside of cities.

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution• Improved Technology• Improved Standard of Living• Goods can be made faster/cheaper• Independence/security of wage-earning jobs• Increased job/travel opportunities

Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution• Dangerous working conditions• Low wages• Horrible living conditions• Wealth disparity• Imperialism

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

• Laissez Faire Economics, Capitalism• Detective/Security Agencies Hired by Factory

Owners• Luddites• Karl Marx/Frederick Engels – The Communist

Manifesto• Unionization• Legislation• Literature – Charles Dickens, Jacob Riis