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THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1700 - 1900
WHAT IS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
“The Industrial Revolution” refers to the time period when there was a huge increase
of machine-made goods
Images of Industrialization
SMOKE-BELCHING FACTORIES:
A COMMON SIGHT
Images of Industrialization
SMOKE-BELCHING FACTORIES:
A COMMON SIGHT
Images of Industrialization
SMOKE-BELCHING FACTORIES:
A COMMON SIGHT
Images of Industrialization
HEAVY MACHINERY IN A BLACKSMITH FACTORY
Images of Industrialization
TRANSFORMING IRON INTO STEEL
Images of Industrialization
STEAM POWERED SHIPS
AN EARLY BRITISH CANAL
Images of Industrialization
AN EARLY STEAM LOCOMOTIVE
Images of Industrialization
NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
Images of Industrialization
Images of Industrialization
NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
Images of Industrialization
NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
In the mid-1700s, an Industrial Revolution began in England that
transformed the way work was done
Rather than making goods by hand, new machines mass-produced products; this
lowered costs of producing goods, increased profits, and changed the way people lived
By 1900, industrialization spread through Europe and to
the United States,
transforming the West into the
dominant region of the world
What caused the Industrial Revolution and
why did it begin in England?
What was life like before the Industrial Revolution?
Before the Industrial Revolution, most Europeans worked and lived on small farming villages, using inefficient methods of farming
Farmers relied on the medieval and inefficient three-
field system
Few farmers experimentedwith new farm
techniques
As a result, the little food that was produced kept the
population of Europe from
growing rapidly
In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe
Fences were used to protect
large farms (called the enclosure
movement)
In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe
Scientific farming
methods like crop rotation
maximized farmland and
increased production
In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe
New crops like corn and
potatoes were introduced from the New World
New tools like the iron plow and seed drill made
farming more efficient
In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe
As a result of this Agricultural Revolution, more foodwas made and Europe’s population increased…
…this large population of workers would soon find work in industrial
factories
THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION led to more food
More food = more people
More people = more demand for goods
More demand for goods =
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The FACTORS OF PRODUCTION are the resources needed to produce goods and
services with big industry
LAND
LABOR
CAPITAL
MAP OF BRITAIN’S COAL FIELDS AND HEAVY INDUSTRIAL AREAS
The Industrial Revolution
began in ENGLAND in
the mid-1700s
The Industrial Revolution
began in England for a
variety of reasons
England had large deposits of natural resources, especially iron and coal
England had banks, a government that encouraged trade and invention, and money to invest in
industry
England’s colonies provided cheap raw materials and markets to sell industrial goods
From 1750 to 1850, England was
the most industrialized
nation in the world
What was the first business to INDUSTRIALIZE?
The population boom created a demand for clothing,but traditional methods of textile making were slow
As a result, the textile industry became the
first to be industrialized
What do these inventions do?
Spin yarnWeave yarn into cloth
New inventions sped up spinning, weaving, sewing
Sewing machine
What does this invention do?
Cotton gin
Eli Whitney’s invention of
the cotton ginstimulated a demand for
cotton textiles
European demand for cotton led to a boom in cotton production and slavery in the southern United States
New textile machinery led to the factory system
Power-driven machines were able to mass-produce goods
very fast and cheap
Factory owners made huge profits selling
mass-produced clothes
The textile industry and the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries
Factories needed power and were usually located near rivers
In 1765, James Watt invented the first steam engine
Steam engines produced more power and allowed factories to be built in cities near workers
The textile industry and the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries
Factories led to a demand for faster
transportation
Roads and canals(artificial waterways)
were built in England; Robert
Fulton’s steamboatincreased the speed
of water travel
The greatest improvement to transportation was the steam-
powered railroad
Growth of Railroads 1850-1880
Railroads were FAST,
increased profits, and
stimulated the iron and coal
industries
The Industrial Revolution led to an increase in demand for coal to power factories and
railroads
Iron was needed to
produce new machines,
engines, and railroad track
By 1800, England made more iron
than all other nations in the
world combined
Henry Bessemerinvented a cheap
process for making steel
(which is stronger than iron)
STEEL-MAKING PROCESS
Steel allowed engineers to design
more powerful machines, taller
buildings, and longer bridges
Other inventions of the Industrial Revolution include electricity, new forms of communication such as the telegraph and telephone, business
machines like typewriters and cash registers, and medical improvements like better, new vaccines
The Industrial Revolution soon spread throughout Europe and America
Germany was quick to
embrace new industrial
technologies
Germany had large suppliesof coal
and iron ore
Germans built a large network of railroads, iron and textile factories
By the mid-1800s, Germany was one
of the world’s industrial leaders
and built a powerful,
modern military
INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADS FURTHEROTHER NATIONS FOLLOW BRITAIN’S
EXAMPLE AND INDUSTRIALIZE
BELGIUM
FRANCE
GERMANY
JAPAN
INDUSTRIALISM + NATIONALISM = A FUTURE WAR BETWEEN THESE NATIONS
Industrial ideas turned the United States into an important world power
Southern cotton led to textile
mills in the North
After the Civil War in 1865, American industry boomed and the United States became a world
leader in railroads, oil, steel, and electricity
Many U.S. companies merged to form large
corporations and
monopolies
What is a MONOPOLY?
A board gameA situation where
ONE companyowns all of a
type of product or service; there is NO competition
CONCLUSIONS:From 1700 to 1900, revolutions in agriculture, industry, transportation, and communication
changed Western Europe and the United States
Industrialization gave Europe tremendous
economic and military power
Industry also had numerous negative effects on working conditions and the standard of
living for urban workers
