The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes

7/24/2019 The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes

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The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastatingearthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency andintensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is

driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mmyear.!"#$eographical statistics of India sho% that almost &4' ofthe land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A (orld )ank *+nited ,ations report sho%s estimates that around -million city d%ellers in India %ill be exposed to storms andearthquakes by -&.!-# The latest version of seismic/oning map of India given in the earthquake resistant

design code of India !I0 "123 5art "6 --# assigns fourlevels of seismicity for India in terms of /one factors. Inother %ords the earthquake /oning map of India dividesIndia into 4 seismic /ones 8one - 3 4 and &6 unlike itsprevious version %hich consisted of five or six /ones forthe country. According to the present /oning map 8one &expects the highest level of seismicity %hereas 8one - isassociated %ith the lo%est level of seismicity.

Center for Seismology

9enter for 0eismology :inistry of ;arth 0ciencesis nodalagency of $overnment of Indiadealing %ith variousactivities in the field of seismologyand allied disciplines.The major activities currently being pursued by the 9enter

for 0eismology include a6 earthquake monitoring on -4


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0eismic ha/ard and risk related studies e6 >ield studies foraftershock s%arm monitoring site response studies f6earthquake processes and modelling etc.!3#The :0?

:edvedev@0ponheuer@?arnik6 intensity broadlyassociated %ith the various seismic /ones is I or less6II III and I< and above6 for 8ones - 3 4 and &respectively corresponding to :aximum 9onsidered;arthquake:9;6. The I0 code follo%s a dual designphilosophyB a6 under lo% probability or extremeearthquake events :9;6 the structure damage shouldnot result in total collapse and b6 under more frequently

occurring earthquake events the structure should sufferonly minor or moderate structural damage. Thespecifications given in the design code I0 "123B --6 arenot based on detailed assessment of maximum groundacceleration in each /one using a deterministic orprobabilistic approach. Instead each /one factorrepresents the effective period peak ground

accelerationsthat may be generated during the maximumconsidered earthquakeground motion in that /one.

;ach /one indicates the effects of an earthquake at aparticular place based on the observations of the affectedareas and can also be described using a descriptive scalelike:odified :ercalli intensity scale!4#or the :edvedevC0ponheuerC?arnik scale.!

Zone 5

8one & covers the areas %ith the highest risks /one thatsuffers earthquakes of intensity :0? I


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structures in 8one &. The /one factor of .3D is indicativeof effective /ero period6 level earthquake in this /one. It isreferred to as the ery Eigh Famage Gisk 8one. The

region of ?ashmir the %estern and central Eimalayas,orth and :iddle )ihar the ,orth@;ast Indian region andthe Gann of ?utchfall in this /one.

$enerally the areas having trap rockor basaltic rockareprone to earthquakes.

Zone 4

This /one is called the Eigh Famage Gisk 8one andcovers areas liable to :0? III. The I0 code assigns /onefactor of .-4 for 8one 4. The Indo@$angetic basinand thecapital of the country Felhi6 Hammu and ?ashmirfall in8one 4. In :aharashtra the 5atan area ?oyananager6 isalso in /one no@4. In ) iharthe northern part of the statelike@ Gaksaul ,ear the border of India and ,epal is alsoin /one no@4 that almost 1 percent of buildings in Felhi

%ill yield to a major quake and in case of an unfortunatedisaster the political hub of India in Jutyens Felhi the glit/of 9onnaught 5lace and the magnificence of the (alled9ity %ill all come crumbling do%n.

0aket 0umanof The 0tatesmanreported on ,e% FelhiKsproximity to a major quake in his report !D#!7#

Zone 3

TheAndaman and ,icobar Islands parts of ?ashmir(estern Eimalayas fall under this /one. This /one isclassified as :oderate Famage Gisk 8one %hich is liable
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rann_of_Kutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_rockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saket_Sumanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Statesmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rann_of_Kutchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_rockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_basinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saket_Sumanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Statesmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir


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to :0? II. and also 7.1 The I0 code assigns /one factorof ."D for 8one 3.

Zone 2

This region is liable to :0? I or less and is classified asthe Jo% Famage Gisk 8one. The I0 code assigns /onefactor of ." maximum hori/ontal acceleration that canbe experienced by a structure in this /one is "' ofgravitational acceleration6 for 8one -.

Zone 1

0ince the current division of India into earthquake ha/ard/ones does not use 8one " no area of India is classed as8one ".

>uture changes in the classification system may or maynot return this /one to use.

The follo%ing is a list of major earthquakes which haveoccurred in India.


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Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

Hanuary3

-"D

-3B&B"D

+T9

,orth ;astIndiasee 2016Northeast

Indiaearthquake

-4.1L,

23.D;

2dead "injured in:anipur*

Assam

Gegionalevent thataffectedIndia:yanmarand)angladesh.

D.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Northeast_India_earthquake


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Date

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=ctober-D-"&

2B2+T9

,orthernIndia 5akistanAfghanistan

3DL"4K4&,

7"L&K31;

-Din5akistanand

Afghanistantill".34 amon-7

=ctK"&

7.7

Hune-1-"

&

DB3&I0T

FibrugarhAssam

-D.&L,

2."L;

3 injuredin Assamearthquake tremors

felt in(est)engal:eghalay

&.D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibrugarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibrugarhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam


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Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

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M

a and)hutan

:ay"--"&

"-B3&I0T

,orthernIndia ,orth ;astIndia

-7.724L,

1&.274L;

"-"M

;picentre"7 km 0 of

?odari,epalN >eltin Felhi(est)engal)ihar+.5.N 44killed inIndia

7.3

April-D-"&

"-B32I0T


-7.724L,

1&.274L;

Aftershock

Aftershock;picentre"7 km 0 of?odari,epal6

D.7!-#

April-&-"

"-B"2I0T

,orthernIndia

-1."23L,

14.1D&L;

Aftershock

Aftershock;picentre42 km

D.D!-#
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-imd.gov.in-2


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Date

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&eastof Jamjung,epal6

April-&-"&

""B4"I0T


-1."47L,

14.71L;

12M !3#

;picentre

34 km;0;of Jamjung ,epal.>elt ineasternnorthernnortheastern Indiaand partsof$ujarat!4#

7.1!

:arch-"-"4

"1B4"I0T

Andaman

and,icobarIslands

7.DL,

24.4L;

:oderateearthquake in

AndamanIslands

D.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamjung_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands


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Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

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M

April-&-"-

1B4&I0T

Andamanand,icobarIslands

2.2L,

24.L;

)igearthquake in

Andamanand,iocbarIslands

D.-

:arch&-"-

"3B"I0T

,e% Felhi -1.DL,

77.4L;

"

:oderateearthquake innationalcapital9)0;5hysicsboardexamdisruptedin Felhi

&.-

0eptember"1-""

"1B"I0T

$angtok0ikkimsee 2011Sikkimearthquak

-7.7-3L,

11.D4L;

""1 0trongearthquake in ,;Indiatremors

D.2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtokhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtokhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquake


10/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

e

felt inFelhi?olkataJuckno%and Haipur

August"-2

"B-"I0T

AndamanIslandssee 2009

AndamanIslandsearthquake

"4."L,

2-.1L;

-DTsunami(arningissued

7.7

=ctober1-&

1B&I0T

?ashmirsee 2005Kashmirearthquake

34.423L,

73.D-2L;

"3

2& km&2 mi6 ,;of Islamabad 5akistan"-& km71 mi6(,(of 0rinagar ?angraHammu

7.D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir


11/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

and?ashmir Indiapop1246

Fecember-D

-4

2B-1I0T

off %estcoastnorthern0umatra India0riJanka:aldives

see 2004IndianOceanearthquake

3.3L,

2&.17L;

-13"D

Thirddeadliestearthquake in thehistory ofthe %orldthetsunamigeneratedkilled"&people inIndia

2."

Hanuary-D-"

1B&I0T

$ujaratsee Guaratearthquake o! 2001

-3.DL,

D2.1L;

-

IndianGepublicFay$ujaratearthquake

7.D7.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_earthquake_of_2001


12/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

thousandskilled

:arch-2"222

B3&I0T

9hamolidistrict@

+ttarakhandsee 1999"hamoliearthquake

3.41L,

72.4"DL;

"3Approx

D.1

August-""211

4B4I0T

+dayapur,epal

-D.7&&L,

1D.D"DL;

O"

D&&3injured

D.3CD.7

:ay

--"227

"3B4"I0T

Habalpur:adhya5radesh

-3."1L,

1.-L;

32 D.

0ept 2B Jatur :a "1. 7D.& 274 D.-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laturhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Chamoli_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur,_Madhya_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laturhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra


13/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

ember3"223

-I0T

harashtrasee 199#$aturearthquake

1L, -L; 1

=ctober-"22"

-B&3I0T

+ttarkashi +ttarakhandsee 1991%ttarkashiearthquake

3.73L,

71.4&L;

P-

7.

Hanuary"2"27&

"3B3-I0T

Eimachal5radeshsee 19&5Kinnaurearthquake

3-.4DL,

71.43L;

47 D.1

Huly-""2&

"&B3-I0T

$ujaratsee 1956

Anar

-3.3L,

7.L;

""& D."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkashihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkashihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Kinnaur_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquake


14/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

Dearthquake

August"&"2&

"2B--I0T

Arunachal5radeshsee 1950

Assam'(i)etearthquake

-1.&L,

2D.7L;

"&-D

Jargestearthquak

e recordedinmainlandIndia sinceIndependence.

1.D

Hune-D"24"

1B&I0T

AndamanIslandssee 1941

AndamanIslandsearthquake

"-.&L,

2-.&7L;

7

Triggereda tsunamithataffectedeasternIndia and0ri Janka

1."

:ay3""23&

3B-I0T

Quetta )aluchistansee 19#5*alochista

-1.1DDL,

DD.313L;

3 D

Feadliestearthquake recordedin the

7.7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quettahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Anjar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Assam%E2%80%93Tibet_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941_Andaman_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quettahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquake


15/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

nearthquake

regions ofmodern@day5akistanthenundividedIndia6.

Hanuary"&"23

4

"4B"3I0T

,epalsee 19#4Ne+al'*iharearthquake

-7.&&L,

17.2L;

P"

;picenterlies " kmsouth of:t.

;verest.

1.

April4"2&

"B"2I0T

?angrasee 1905Kan,raearthquake

3-."L,

7D.3L;

P-

It %as amajorearthquake thatoccurredin the?angraalley andthe?angra

7.1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra,_Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Balochistan_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Nepal%E2%80%93Bihar_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra,_Himachal_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquake


16/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

region ofthe 5unjab5rovinceno%Eimachal5radesh6

Hune"-"127

"&B3I0T

0hillong Indiasee 1-9&

Assamearthquake

-DL,

2"L;

"&

1.3

Fecember3""11"

7B42I0T

AndamanIslandssee 1--1Nico)arIslandsearthquake

1.&-,

2-.43 ;

;arliestearthquake for %hichruptureparameters havebeenestimatedinstrumentally fromtide

7.2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillonghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillonghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897_Assam_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Islandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_Nicobar_Islands_earthquake


17/31

Date

Time

Location

Lat Lo

ng

Deaths

Comments

M

gauges6

Hun

e"D"1"2

"1B4&to

"1B&localtime

$ujaratsee 1-19.ann o!Kutchearthquake

-3.,

7".;

P"&43

>ormed

the Allah)und andJake0indri

1.-

(his list is incom+lete/ ou can hel+ ) e+andin, it.

What are the Harmful Eects of Earthquakes?(1) Damage to human structures - Earthquakescause great damage to human structures such as buildings,

roads, rails, factories, dams, bridges etc, and thus cause heavydamage to human property.

(2) Landslides-The shocks produced by earthquakesparticularly in hilly areas and mountains which are tectonically

sensitive causes landslides and debris fall on human settlements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_listshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_India&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819_Rann_of_Kutch_earthquakehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_listshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_India&action=edit


18/31

and transport system on the lower slope segments, inflicting

damage to them.

(3) ires!The strong vibrations caused by severe

earthquakes strongly shake the buildings and thus causing severefires in houses, mines and factories because of overturning of

cooking gas, contact of live electric wires, churning of blast

furnaces, displacement of other fire related and electric

appliances.

(") lash loods!Strong seismic waves cause damage todams thereby causing severe flash floods. Severe floods are also

caused because of blocking of water flow of rivers due to rock

blocks and debris produced by severe tremors in the hill slopesfacing the river valleys. Sometimes the blockage is so severe

that rivers change their main course.

(#) Deformation of $round surface- severe tremorsand resultant vibrations caused by earthquakes result in the

deformation of ground surface because of rise and subsidence of

ground surface and faulting activity( formation of faults.

(%) &sunamis- The seismic waves caused byearthquake( measuring more than ! on richter scale travelling

through sea water generate high sea waves and cause great loss

of life and property.

DISATER MANAGEMENT-ROLE OF STUDENTS

IN A LOT OF NATIONS LATE TEENAGERS ARE PART

OF 'EMERGENCY RESCUE TEAMS' - MOSTLY THE


19/31

TRAINING GOES SIDE BY SIDE ALONG WITH

'COMPULSORY MILITARY TRAINING' PROGRAMS.

I WOULD LIKE TO NEGATE STUDENT COMMUNITY

FROM SEARCH AND RESCUE SINCE THAT IS A

HIGHLY SPECIALIZED JOB AND SHOULD BE LEFT TO

PROFESSIONALS.

THE BASIC ROLE OF THE STUDENT, IN MY OPINION,

IS AWARENESS OF WHAT TO DO DURING AND

AFTER DISASTERS. THIS WOULD LESSEN

PANICKING, PARANOID AND UNCONTROLLABLE

PEOPLE RUNNING AROUND. ALSO, KNOWING WHAT

TO DO WHEN DISASTER STRIKES WILL ALSO

LESSEN THE DEATH TOLL. KNOWING WHAT TO DO

AFTER DISASTER, AND AT LEAST BASIC FIRST AID,WILL ENABLE STUDENTS HELP THE AUTHORITIES IN

SAVING LIVES.

IF STUDENTS ARE WELL TRAINED THEN IF THERE IS

A DISASTER THEY ARE ABLE TO PROTECT

THEMSELVES AND THEY CAN ALSO HELP OTHERS.STUDENT BRANCH IS THE MOST WELL INFORMED

BRANCH OF COMMUNITY. THEY CAN SPREAD

AWARENESS ABOUT DISASTER MANAGEMENT.


20/31

ALSO THEY CAN FORM ASSOCIATION TO HELP IN

TIMES OF DISASTER.

CHILDREN CAN HELP IN MANAGING DISASTERS IN

MANY WAYS FEW OF THEM ARE:-

STUDENTS CAN HELP IN REHABILITATION AND

RESETTLEMENT OF VICTIMS

THEY CAN SPREAD AWARENESS THROUGH

RALLIES IN STREETS

VOLUNTEER IN THE INFORMATION CENTERS AND

FORM ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE DISASTER-DAY

PROVIDE THE VICTIMS WITH BASIC NEEDS

PREVENTING DISASTERS AT HOME - STOPPING

BUILDING FIRES DUE TO PETTY REASONS LIKE A

SHORT CIRCUIT

STUDENTS CAN HELP IN REHABILITATION AND

RESETTLEMENT OF VICTIMS


21/31

THEY CAN SPREAD AWARENESS THROUGH

RALLIES IN STREETS

VOLUNTEER IN THE INFORMATION CENTRES AND

FORM ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE DISASTER-DAY

PROVIDE THE VICTIMS WITH BASIC NEEDS

PREVENTING DISASTERS AT HOME - STOPPING

BUILDING FIRES DUE TO PETTY REASONS LIKE A

SHORT CIRCUIT.

STUDENTS HAVE A MAJOR ROLE TO PLAY IN

MANAGING DISASTERS. THEY CAN:

SPREAD AWARENESS ABOUT DISASTERS AND TIPS

TO HANDLE THEM.

ORGANISE MOCK CAMPS IN THEIR HOLIDAYS IN

NEIGHBORING VILLAGES TO TRAIN PEOPLE TOCOPE UP WITH DISASTERS LIKE EARTHUAKES

BE PART OF 'EMERGENCY RESCUE TEAMS' -

MOSTLY THE TRAINING GOES SIDE BY SIDE ALONG

WITH 'COMPULSORY MILITARY TRAINING'

PROGRAMS !ANOTHER OPINION: SEARCH AND

RESCUE IS A HIGHLY SPECIALIZED JOB AND

SHOULD BE LEFT TO PROFESSIONALS"

A BIG ASPECT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS

PREPAREDNESS.


22/31

THE BASIC ROLE OF THE STUDENT IS AWARENESS

OF WHAT TO DO DURING AND AFTER DISASTERS.

THIS WOULD LESSEN PANICKING, PARANOID ANDUNCONTROLLABLE PEOPLE RUNNING AROUND.

KNOWING WHAT TO DO WHEN DISASTER STRIKES

WILL ALSO LESSEN THE DEATH TOLL. KNOWING

WHAT TO DO AFTER DISASTER, AND AT LEAST

BASIC FIRST AID, WILL ENABLE STUDENTS HELP

THE AUTHORITIES IN SAVING LIVES.


23/31

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

DISASTERS HAPPEN ANYTIME AND ANYWHERE.

AND WHEN DISASTER STRIKES, YOU MAY NOT HAVE

MUCH TIME TO RESPOND. AN EARTHUAKE,FLOOD, TORNADO, WINTER STORM, HIGHWAY SPILL

OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR ANY OTHER

DISASTER COULD CUT WATER, ELECTRICITY, AND

TELEPHONES-FOR DAYS, REUIRE EVACUATION OR

CONFINE YOUR FAMILY AT HOME FOR DAYS.

AFTER A DISASTER, LOCAL OFFICIALS AND RELIEFWORKERS WILL BE ON THE SCENE, BUT THEY

CANNOT REACH EVERYONE IMMEDIATELY. YOU

COULD GET HELP IN HOURS, OR IT MAY TAKE DAYS.


24/31

SO WE SHOULD BE AWARE AND PREPARED TO

COPE WITH THE EMERGENCY UNTIL HELP ARRIVES.

EARTHUAKES: SAFETY TIPS

BEFORE THE EARTHUAKE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO

FORMULATE A SAFETY PLAN.

ALWAYS KEEP THE FOLLOWING IN A DESIGNATED

PLACE: BOTTLED DRINKING WATER, NON-PERISHABLE FOOD !CHURA, GUR, ETC", FIRST-AID

KIT, TORCHLIGHT AND BATTERY-OPERATED RADIO

WITH E#TRA BATTERIES.

TEACH FAMILY MEMBERS HOW TO TURN OFF

ELECTRICITY, GAS, ETC.

IDENTIFY PLACES IN THE HOUSE THAT CAN

PROVIDE COVER DURING AN EARTHUAKE.

IT MAY BE EASIER TO MAKE LONG DISTANCE CALLS

DURING AN EARTHUAKE. IDENTIFY AN OUT-OF-

TOWN RELATIVE OR FRIEND AS YOUR FAMILY'S

EMERGENCY CONTACT. IF THE FAMILY MEMBERS

GET SEPARATED AFTER THE EARTHUAKE AND ARE


25/31

NOT ABLE TO CONTACT EACH OTHER, THEY

SHOULD CONTACT THE DESIGNATED

RELATIVE$FRIEND. THE ADDRESS AND PHONE

NUMBER OF THE CONTACT PERSON$RELATIVESHOULD BE WITH ALL THE FAMILY MEMBERS.

CONSIDER RETROFITTING YOUR HOUSE WITH

EARTHUAKE-SAFETY MEASURES TO SAFEGUARD

YOUR HOUSE. REINFORCING THE FOUNDATION AND

FRAME COULD MAKE YOUR HOUSE UAKERESISTANT. YOU MAY CONSULT A REPUTABLE

CONTRACTOR AND FOLLOW BUILDING CODES.

KUTCHHA BUILDING CAN ALSO BE RETROFITTED

AND STRENGTHENED.

DURING THE EARTHUAKE: EARTHUAKES GIVE

NO WARNING AT ALL. SOMETIMES, A LOUD

RUMBLING SOUND MIGHT SIGNAL ITS ARRIVAL A

FEW SECONDS AHEAD OF TIME. THOSE FEW

SECONDS COULD GIVE YOU A CHANCE TO MOVE

TO A SAFER LOCATION. HERE ARE SOME TIPS FORKEEPING SAFE DURING A UAKE.


26/31

TAKE COVER. GO UNDER A TABLE OR OTHER

STURDY FURNITURE% KNEEL, SIT, OR STAY CLOSE

TO THE FLOOR. HOLD ON TO FURNITURE LEGS FOR

BALANCE. BE PREPARED TO MOVE IF YOUR COVERMOVES.

IF NO STURDY COVER IS NEARBY, KNEEL OR SIT

CLOSE TO THE FLOOR NE#T TO A STRUCTURALLY

SOUND INTERIOR WALL. PLACE YOUR HANDS ON

THE FLOOR FOR BALANCE.

DO NOT STAND IN DOORWAYS. VIOLENT MOTION

COULD CAUSE DOORS TO SLAM AND CAUSE

SERIOUS INJURIES. YOU MAY ALSO BE HIT BY

FLYING OBJECTS.

MOVE AWAY FROM WINDOWS, MIRRORS,

BOOKCASES AND OTHER UNSECURED HEAVY

OBJECTS.

IF YOU ARE IN BED, STAY THERE AND COVER

YOURSELF WITH PILLOWS AND BLANKETS.

DO NOT RUN OUTSIDE IF YOU ARE INSIDE. NEVER

USE THE LIFT.


27/31

IF YOU ARE LIVING IN A KUTCHA HOUSE, THE BEST

THING TO DO IS TO MOVE TO AN OPEN AREA

WHERE THERE ARE NO TREES, ELECTRIC ORTELEPHONE WIRES.

MOVE INTO THE OPEN, AWAY FROM BUILDINGS,

STREETLIGHTS, AND UTILITY WIRES. ONCE IN THE

OPEN STAY THERE UNTIL THE SHAKING STOPS.

IF YOUR HOME IS BADLY DAMAGED, YOU WILL HAVE

TO LEAVE. COLLECT WATER, FOOD, MEDICINE,

OTHER ESSENTIAL ITEMS AND IMPORTANT

DOCUMENTS BEFORE LEAVING.

AVOID PLACES WHERE THERE ARE LOOSE

ELECTRICAL WIRES AND DO NOT TOUCH METAL

OBJECTS THAT ARE IN TOUCH WITH THE LOOSE

WIRES.

DO NOT RE-ENTER DAMAGED BUILDINGS AND STAY

AWAY FROM BADLY DAMAGED STRUCTURES.


28/31

IF IN MOVING VEHICLES: MOVE TO A CLEAR AREA

AWAY FROM BUILDINGS, TREES, OVERPASSES, OR

UTILITY WIRES, STOP, AND STAY IN THE VEHICLE.

ONCE THE SHAKING HAS STOPPED, PROCEED WITHCAUTION. AVOID BRIDGES OR RAMPS THAT MIGHT

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY THE UAKE.

AFTER THE UAKE: HERE ARE A FEW THINGS TO

KEEP IN MIND AFTER AN EARTHUAKE. THE

CAUTION YOU DISPLAY IN THE AFTERMATH CAN BEESSENTIAL FOR YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY:

WEAR SHOES$CHAPPALS TO PROTECT YOUR FEET

FROM DEBRIS.

AFTER THE FIRST TREMOR, BE PREPARED FOR

AFTERSHOCKS. THOUGH LESS INTENSE,

AFTERSHOCKS CAUSE ADDITIONAL DAMAGES AND

MAY BRING DOWN WEAKENED STRUCTURES.

AFTERSHOCKS CAN OCCUR IN THE FIRST HOURS,

DAYS, WEEKS, OR EVEN MONTHS AFTER THE

UAKE.

CHECK FOR FIRE HAZARDS AND USE TORCHLIGHTS

INSTEAD OF CANDLES OR LANTERNS.


29/31

IF THE BUILDING YOU LIVE IN IS IN A GOOD SHAPE

AFTER THE EARTHUAKE, STAY INSIDE AND LISTEN

FOR RADIO ADVISES. IF YOU ARE NOT CERTAINABOUT THE DAMAGE TO YOUR BUILDING,

EVACUATE CAREFULLY. DO NOT TOUCH DOWNED

POWER LINE.

HELP INJURED OR TRAPPED PERSONS. GIVE FIRST

AID WHERE APPROPRIATE. DO NOT MOVESERIOUSLY INJURED PERSONS UNLESS THEY ARE IN

IMMEDIATE DANGER OF FURTHER INJURY. IN SUCH

CASES, CALL FOR HELP.

REMEMBER TO HELP YOUR NEIGHBOURS WHO MAY

REUIRE SPECIAL ASSISTANCE-INFANTS, THEELDERLY, AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES.

LISTEN TO A BATTERY-OPERATED RADIO FOR THE

LATEST EMERGENCY INFORMATION.

STAY OUT OF DAMAGED BUILDINGS.


30/31

RETURN HOME ONLY WHEN AUTHORITIES SAY IT IS

SAFE. CLEAN UP SPILLED MEDICINES, BLEACHES

OR GASOLINE OR OTHER FLAMMABLE LIUIDS

IMMEDIATELY. LEAVE THE AREA IF YOU SMELL GASOR FUMES FROM OTHER CHEMICALS. OPEN

CLOSET AND CUPBOARD DOORS CAUTIOUSLY.

IF YOU SMELL GAS OR HEAR HISSING NOISE, OPEN

WINDOWS AND UICKLY LEAVE THE BUILDING.

TURN OFF THE SWITCH ON THE TOP OF THE GASCYLINDER.

LOOK FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DAMAGES - IF YOU

SEE SPARKS, BROKEN WIRES, OR IF YOU SMELL

BURNING OF AMBER, TURN OFF ELECTRICITY AT

THE MAIN FUSE BO#. IF YOU HAVE TO STEP INWATER TO GET TO THE FUSE BO#, CALL AN

ELECTRICIAN FIRST FOR ADVICE.

CHECK FOR SEWAGE AND WATER LINES DAMAGE.

IF YOU SUSPECT SEWAGE LINES ARE DAMAGED,

AVOID USING THE TOILETS. IF WATER PIPES AREDAMAGED, AVOID USING WATER FROM THE TAP.


31/31

USE THE TELEPHONE ONLY FOR EMERGENCY

CALLS.

IN CASE FAMILY MEMBERS ARE SEPARATED FROM

ONE ANOTHER DURING AN EARTHUAKE !A REAL

POSSIBILITY DURING THE DAY WHEN ADULTS ARE

AT WORK AND CHILDREN ARE AT SCHOOL",

DEVELOP A PLAN FOR REUNITING AFTER THE

DISASTER. ASK AN OUT OF STATE $ DISTRICT

RELATIVE OR FRIEND TO SERVE AS THE &FAMILYCONTACT&. MAKE SURE EVERYONE IN THE FAMILY

KNOWS THE NAME, ADDRESS, AND PHONE

NUMBER!S" OF THE CONTACT PERSON !S".

Documents

The Indian Subcontinent Has a History of Devastating Earthquakes