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The increasing need for low-power, long-range communication and localization
Prof. Maarten Weyn
Wipro – May 7th 2015
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Maarten Weyn
Research
• Localization from Opportunistic to Just Enough
• Low-power communication
• Low-power embedded systems
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Maarten Weyn
Education
• Mobile Communication (Eng.)
• Digital Communication
• Ambient Intelligence – Low Power Connected Systems (Eng.)
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Maarten Weyn
Entrepreneurship
• Founder of 1 spin-off company
• Facilitator of 2 other spin-off companies
• Director of DASH7 Alliance
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Courtesy of Postscapes& HarborResearch.
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Courtesy of Postscapes& HarborResearch.
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Courtesy of Postscapes& HarborResearch.
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Courtesy of Postscapes& HarborResearch.
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Courtesy of Postscapes& HarborResearch.
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Courtesy of Postscapes& HarborResearch.
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Low-Power
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0.5 – 5 Watt
Low-Power Microcontrollers
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Low-Power Applications
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• 2 AA batteries
• 1 year
• 650 μW
Low-Power Applications
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5 years
8.6 Wh battery
0.2 mW
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Low Power Communication
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Frequency
Data rate
Range
Standardization
Power Consumption
Integration capabilities
Frequency
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433 868/915 2400 MHz
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Data rate
0.1 250 1000 kbps1000.3 9.6 20 50
Range
100 5 km 50km30
Low-Range Long-Range
Mid-Range
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Standardization
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8100.231 0.306 4 19001 4750.390 0.550
Power Consumption
Energy
Energy (mJ)
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Smartphone integration
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Localization
Signal Strength
• Attenuation
• Pattern Matching (Fingerprinting)
• Presence / Proximity
Time (Ranging)
• Time of Flight - Time Difference of Arrival
• Round Trip Time
Direction Finding / Angle of Arrival
Signal Strength
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Proximity
Frequency vs Range
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Origin
The Dash7 Alliance Protocol originates from ISO/IEC 18000-7,
The DASH7 Alliance (D7A) enhanced ISO 18000-7 for Ultra Low Power, Mid-Range Wireless Sensor Communication.
The DASH7 Alliance expanded the air interface to all sub-GHZ ISM/SRD bands.
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OpenStandard
UltraLow Power
Mid-Range
Sub-GHzISM Bands
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Distance – Complexity – Energy – Latency
Tree MeshStar
Passive RFIDTags can only be read in the intermediate proximity of a reader
Active RFIDLonger range interrogators –Master/Slave
DASH7: Extensible Star Simple routing
Asynchronous
Tag-Talk-FirstTag-to-Tag
MeshRange depends on number of router nodes
Congestion – Routing Complexity – LatencyRouters need to be poweredEach hop consumes energy
Network Topology
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Asynchronous Communication
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Power Budget
14%< 1%
35%50%
Total Average Consumption: 52 μA
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Full Stack Data
Element
Smart
Addressing
SecurityPrivacy
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Roles
Authentication
Permissions
Data Elements
DASH7 Stack Config
Application Data
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USE CASE
Collection of humidity sensor data
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Traditional Approach
Application periodically measures humidity and sends data to the gateway.
Application implements communication
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Application periodically measures humidity and writes value to the file system
Data Elements can be accessed by DASH7
Data Elements
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Application periodically measures humidity and writes value to the file system
Gateway queries data from Data Element
All Nodes matching query answer with requested data
Queries
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NotificationApplication periodically measures humidity and writes value to the file system
DASH7 detects change in Data Element
If criteria is matched, Sensor notifies requested data
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Context Aware Sensor and Actuator Data Propagation
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Write and read to/from files
Configure system through configuration files
Configured through file system
Handles scheduled scan cycles
Handles queries from other devices
Handles queries and notifications on file changes
File system configurable over the air
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Open Source Stack for DASH7
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Open Source Stack for DASH7
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Talbot House
BELIGUM
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The increasing need for low-power, long-range communication and localization
Prof. Maarten Weyn
Wipro – May 7th 2015
