The Importance of Safety at Dominion Curt Grimes – Safety and Training Specialist

Dominion Proprietary and Confidential

Natural Gas Explosion

• 3/11/2002 @ approx 3:45 PM

• Libby and Lee Rd, Cleveland Ohio

• 20 inch Transmission line @ 87lbs

• Contractor hit line while digging in the area

• No injuries

• Significant damage to a Walgreens and several automobiles and equipment

Dominion East Ohio Gas •1.2 Million Customers

•Serving:

•Northeast Ohio

•Cleveland

•Akron

•Canton

•Youngstown

•Lima

•Marietta

•1,500 Employees

•HDQ: Richmond VA

5

Working safely is Dominion's way of doing business. With a constant focus on accident prevention, employee health and safety, and public safety, injuries and illnesses can be prevented by recognizing, controlling and/or eliminating workplace hazards and unsafe behavior.

Safety Culture

Safety Culture

All employees are expected to follow safe work practices and accept accountability for their actions. On an ongoing basis, all levels of management and employees must work together to foster this safety culture.

Injury Frequency & Severity Trends – DEO

*2016– 5 MT / 9 LD / 2 RD

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

26

64

48 34

21 14 13 17 20

11 16 10 6 10 9 5

122

94

68

72

37

27 19 15

15

10 5

0 1

6 3 2

17

28

16

17

13

12

12 6 5

14 12

14 11

7 7 9

LD

RD

MT

Back to the Basics

Back to the Basics

Dominion Proprietary and Confidential

Weekly

Safety

Meetings

Building a WALL to Prevent

Accidents & Injuries

Avoid Backing

Safety

Stand

Downs

Eliminate Cell

Phone Use when

Driving

Technical

Training

Life

Saving

Rules

Supervisor

Safety

Meetings

Weekly

Injury/MVA

Call

Office Safety

Assessments Circle for Safety

Safety

Alerts / Bulletins Ergonomics Fire School

Pre-Job

Briefings

Safety Observations Safety Committee’s

Multiple

Accident

Coaching

Take 5

Hard

Hat

See It

Say It

Stop It

Vest

FR

P

P

E

Training Center

10

Low Speed Driver

Training Backhoe

Training

Fire

School

C&M

Pipe Yard

Training

Town

Transmission

Loop / NACE

Field

Take 5

• Five Steps to Working

Safely

• I know the proper work procedures to do this job safely.

• I have recognized, assessed, and controlled all hazards.

• I know what could go wrong and have taken precautions to prevent injury.

• I have communicated appropriately to customers and employees.

• I am prepared to go to work and will complete this job safely.

Life Saving Rules

• Rule #1: Eliminate and control potential sources of ignition.

• Rule #2: Employees will take adequate measures to prevent cave-in or collapse of excavations.

• Rule # 3: Prior to, and during entry into potentially gaseous atmospheres (excavations, vaults, confined spaces) employees will monitor oxygen levels and, if indicated, mitigate hazards or use respiratory protection equipment.

• Rule # 4: Employees will wear seat belts while driving or riding in Company, rented or personal vehicles while on Company business, and anytime while operating a company vehicle or other motorized equipment where a seat belt is provided.

Joint Union & Management Committee

13

• ACCOMPLISHMENTS: • Flame resistant hoods

• Developed a policy that FR hood must be worn when working in a gaseous atmosphere

• Collection of pipeline fluids

• Developed a process using a 3 gallon can

• Increased Communications

• “Flash Notices” on injuries and MV Accidents

• Increased office safety signage

• Respirator Equipment at the shops

• Non-Sparking Tools

Pre-Job Briefing

• Plan how the job will be done.

• Ensure everyone involved knows the sequence of actions

and responsibilities of each team member.

• Address potential hazards and steps necessary to work

safely.

• The pre-job briefing is an OSHA requirement! OSHA Regulation 1910.269(c)

"Job briefing." The employer shall ensure that the employee in

charge conducts a job briefing with the employees involved

before they start each job. The briefing shall cover at least

the following subjects: hazards associated with the job, work

procedures involved, special precautions, energy source

controls, and personal protective equipment requirements.

The purpose of the Pre-Job Briefing is to:

Click link to access the online Pre-Job Briefing Form

Pre-Job Briefing

Snap Decisions - When we do things without thinking at all, these are snap decisions, impulsive decisions; things we do spontaneously. Complacency - Referred to as the “silent killer”. We become content with the “routine” of our tasks and fail to recognize the hazards of our job. Shortcuts - We all take shortcuts at home and at work and we have different reasons for doing them. These reasons can be pressure from someone else, pressure on ourselves, trying to beat a deadline or trying to impress a supervisor. Regardless, the bottom line is that we are the only ones who know why we take them. Shortcuts can lead to performing a task unsafely.

The Dangers of Shortcuts, Snap Decisions and Complacency

STAY FOCUSED!

Hazard Recognition

17

Hazard Recognition

18

Safety References Manual

Dominion Personal Protective

Equipment/Tasks Analysis Click link to access the online PPE/Task Analysis

Flame Resistant (FR) Clothing

• Each day workers in the utilities and gas industries work under conditions that may expose them to hazards that could cause severe or fatal burns.

• Studies indicate that more than half of these injuries are the result of clothing that ignites and continues to burn.

• It is the burning clothing, not the initial arc or flash, that causes the severity of burn injuries.

Background

Section 1.9 of the Accident Prevention Manual outlines the requirements

for Flame Resistant (FR clothing).

Accident Prevention Manual

• Flame Resistant (FR clothing) is made of materials that resists burn through by inhibiting or resisting the spread of fire.

• FR clothing offers temporary fire protection and there is a limited window available before heat is transferred through the material.

Flame Resistant

• FR clothing must be worn whenever entering or nearing a gaseous or potentially gaseous atmosphere.

• The Accident Prevention and SOP 360-19 (Personal Protective Equipment) outline specific instances in which FR clothing must be worn.

Flame Resistant (FR Clothing)

• Clothing made of natural fiber (such as cotton, wool or silk)

must be worn under FR clothing.

• Clothing made of synthetic fabric such as acetate, polyester,

nylon, and rayon, when exposed to flame can burn/melt

through thus increasing the extent of an injury.

Flame Resistant (FR Clothing)

• Plasticized logos that are heat-applied onto t-shirts and

other garments worn under FR clothing may also affect the

protection afforded by FR clothing.

• Employees are not permitted to alter FR clothing; for

example, removing or altering sleeves or hemming pants.

Flame Resistant (FR Clothing)

Fabrics and Critical Temperatures

Fabric Melt/Drip

Temperature Ignition

Temperature

Nylon Melts and drips at 320-500ºF

797ºF

Polyester Softens and drips at 493-558ºF

842-905ºF

Natural Fibers (such as cotton, wool, and silk)

Does not melt 752ºF

• Flame Resistant (FR clothing) is a fabric that resists igniting and self-extinguishes when the fuel source is removed.

• FR clothing provides heat and flame resistance that is inherent and permanent, for the life of the garment.

• Unlike some chemically treated garments, the flame resistant properties of FR clothing will not wash or wear out.

How Does Flame Resistant Clothing Work?

The standards for FR clothing range from

Flame Resistant (FR Clothing) Protective Values

• single layer suits (used by Dominion) that provide some

protection against flash fires to

• much thicker multi-layer SFI-15 suits (required by the

National Hot Rod Association) that can protect a driver for

up to 30 seconds against temperatures reaching over

4000º F.

In order for FR clothing to perform as designed, it is important to clean the garments regularly. Follow manufacturer’s recommended laundering instructions including:

Proper Care of FR Clothing

• Promptly clean to remove dirt, oil and greasy stains as they reduce the effectiveness of FR clothing.

• Wash and dry FR clothing separately from other clothing to avoid integration of other fabric particles into FR clothing.

• Do not use products that contain Deet.

Worn out or damaged FR clothing must be replaced by each employee (Tyndale).

To protect employees and prevent the potential for injuries due to flash

fires:

Guidelines for Wearing FR Clothing

• FR clothing must cover as much of the employee as possible.

• Keep shirts buttoned and sleeves and pant legs rolled down when in the work zone for maximum protection.

Flame Resistant (FR Clothing)

• FR clothing must be worn as a top layer of clothing, except where flame-resistant traffic vests, or disposable coveralls are required due to job conditions. In these cases FR clothing is worn underneath.

MSA Altair Single Gas Detector

34

Alarm LEDs

Audible Alarm Test Button

O2 Sensor

Display

Sensor Type

Bump Test Verification

a Life Left

(In Months)

Life Saving Rule # 3

• Monitor oxygen levels in atmosphere and mitigate hazards through use of respiratory protection equipment.

• Wear your monitor on outermost layer of clothing, within 1’ of breathing zone.

35

What is Normal Air?

• Ambient air contains approximately:

• Oxygen 21%

• Nitrogen 78%

• Argon 0.9%

• Carbon Dioxide 0.05%

• Other gases 0.05%

36

Symptoms of Oxygen Deficiency

% O₂ Symptom >23 Oxygen enriched, fire hazard 21 Normal air 19.5 OSHA minimum safe level (IDLH) 16 Disorientation, impaired judgment 14 Faulty judgment, rapid fatigue,

labored breathing 8 Mental failure, fainting 6 Difficult breathing, death in minutes

37

Options for Atmospheres Containing <19.5% Oxygen

• Ventilate to increase the oxygen content

• Increase natural ventilation by opening doors, widen trenches, etc

• Use forced air equipment (air movers) to introduce fresh air

• Use an atmosphere supplying respirator

• Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

• Supplied air respirator equipped with an egress cylinder

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100%

15%

4% 0%

Natural Gas Concentration In Air

Upper Explosive Limit

(UEL)

Lower Explosive Limit

(LEL) Flammable

Range

0%

Percent

Gas

5%N

0%

50%L

100%L

Percent LEL

100%N

Air Mover mounted to

Tri-Pod stand

Air Movers

Atmosphere Supplying Respirators

Isolate or shut off affected gas facilities

DuPont Thermo-Man Testing

© 2012 Dominion

Dominion East Ohio Specific Garments

September 2012

DuPont ThermoLab

• Thermo-Man – specialized mannequin equipped with 122 temperature sensors.

• Data from each sensor used to

calculate overall predicted body

burn.

• No sensors in the hands or feet.

• Most test burns conducted for a duration of 3 seconds.

Purpose • Validate our current selection of Flame Resistant (FR)

clothing

• Check the protection of some older FR garments worn and laundered by C&M employees

• Evaluate the Thermo-Man Lab as a potential resource to qualify garments as FR vs. Arc Rated

• Gain insight to the test methods used to qualify garments as “Flame Resistant”

• Propose changes where necessary to assure safe and healthful working conditions for our Dominion employees

Arc Rating vs. Flash Rating

• ARC Rating - the maximum incident energy resistance demonstrated by a material prior to break open (a hole in the material) or at the onset of a second-degree skin burn. Expressed as cal/cm².

• Flash Fire “FR” Rating - flame resistance is the characteristic of a fabric that causes it not to burn in air. Under NFPA 2112 this is a pass/fail criterion measured as a percentage of predicted body burn. Fabrics & fabric systems that achieve a percentage less than 50% pass the NFPA 2112 requirements.

Inherent vs. Treated Fabrics • Inherently flame resistant fabrics

are engineered by incorporating flame resistant fibers into the knit or weave of the fabric during the manufacturing process.

• Flame retardant treated fabrics go through the entire textile manufacturing process, and then the finished rolls of fabric are treated with chemicals that impart flame resistant properties onto the material.

Inherent vs. Treated Fabrics

Inherent

• Does not need to reach an activation temperature .

• Fabric such as Nomex will not ignite, melt or burn.

• Inherently flame resistant fabrics are guaranteed for the useful life of the garment.

• Some inherent fabrics are also anti-static.

Treated

• Must reach an activation temperature in order for the garment to extinguish the flame.

• Flame retardant chemicals susceptible of being washed out due to improper care.

• Employee may be exposed to toxic fumes given off during activation.

How Does Flame Resistant Clothing Work?

Nomex IIIA Coverall/Cotton-Poly Pants/Cotton LS Shirt Video

Predicted Burn Injury

• 9.0% Total

• 2.5% 2nd Degree

• 6.6% 3rd Degree

Nomex IIIA Coverall/Cotton-Poly Pants/Cotton LS Shirt Results

Nomex IIIA Coverall/Cotton-Poly Pants/Cotton LS Shirt Findings

• The Nomex IIIA held up the best with a total predicted body burn of 9.0%

• The addition of a long sleeved cotton shirt proved to add protection to the arms

• Even with a 65/35 Cotton Polyester blend pants the mannequin suffered no predicted burns to the legs

NASCO ArcLite Raingear Video

NASCO ArcLite Raingear Results

Predicted Burn Injury

• 13.1% Total

• 4.9% 2nd Degree

• 8.2% 3rd Degree

NASCO ArcLite Raingear Findings

• While the ARCLite Raingear (ARC RATED) does provide some level of burn protection, the chemical discharges from the garments would prove to be fatal to employees when inhaling air while escaping the hazard.

• Working on replacement raingear with Supply Chain as an alternative local vendor (NSA) has been identified.

Tyndale FRMC Pants & Shirt Video

Predicted Burn Injury

• 22.1% Total

• 11.5% 2nd Degree

• 10.7% 3rd Degree

Tyndale FRMC Pants & Shirt Results

Tyndale FRMC Pants & Shirt Findings

• The FR treated garment provided the lowest protection with a total predicted body burn of 22.1%

• The Carolina FR Traffic Vests held up very well in two separate burn tests

• The single layer Nomex Hoodsok does not perform as well as the dual layer Hoodsok or the Carhartt Balaclavas

• Leather glove held up very well and again the Mechanix Glove proves to be a very poor choice to wear in a gaseous environment

Overall Findings • NASCO ArcLite rainwear does provide some level of burn protection in the event

of a flash fire however it exposes our employees to toxic fumes and fatal hot gases if inhaled while escaping a complete flash fire engulfment

• Older Nomex coveralls, pants and shirts maintained by the employee held up very well and actually provided slightly better protection than some of the newer garments that were “treated” with FR chemicals

• Nomex IIIA provided the best protection with a 9.0% predicted body burn

• A double layer Hoodsok or a Carhartt Balaclava offer better head and face protection than the single layer Hoodsok

• Wearing a long sleeved natural fiber i.e. cotton, wool or silk under garment improved predicted burn results. Adding layers provided additional protection

• Mechanics gloves will melt & drip when exposed to a flash fire and should not be worn in a gaseous environment under any circumstances

• “Inherent” FR materials are superior to “Treated” FR materials

Recommendations

• Dominion… – Reduce Tyndale FR choices to inherently engineered FR

garments such as Nomex IIIA

– Avoid Mechanics Gloves in gaseous atmosphere

– Enhance employee awareness and training for FR

– Take C&M Committee to NSA Factory in Cleveland to view the process for making FR clothing and rainwear

– Advise that current FR Raingear not be used in a gaseous environment.

• Safety Alert Distributed September 2012.

• Working with Supply Chain on alternatives

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Atmosphere Supplying Respirators

Techniques for Pressurized Extinguishers

Use the proper techniques to

operate pressurized extinguishers :

Pull

Aim

Squeeze

Sweep

Note: For NATURAL GAS fires, DON’T SWEEP, simply aim at point of escaping gas.

Extinguisher Inspection

The plastic seal, pin, nozzle must be

intact.

The pressure indicator should be in the

neutral position

The nameplate must be intact.

Inspection tags (monthly, yearly)

The weight of the extinguisher should indicate

if the extinguisher is full or discharged.

Report any missing, damaged, empty or

discharged fire extinguishers immediately.

Insp

tag

The weight of the cartridge must not drop More than ½ of an oz of the stamped weight.

Safety is not an intellectual exercise to keep us in work. It is a matter of life and death. It is the sum of our contributions to safety management that determines whether the people we work with live or die. ~ Sir Brian Appleton, Safety Assessor

Please protect yourself every minute of everyday!

There are people at home

that are counting on you!