Upload
vandan
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. These Materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. 2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only, without obtaining written permission of TEA. 3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way. 4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-7004; email: [email protected].
2
Copyright
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
Types of Play
Solitary Play
Parallel Play
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 3
Types of Play
Associative Play Cooperative Play
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 4
Physical Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Helps toddlers develop large muscle coordination and balance
Encourage large and small muscle development
Encourage eye-hand coordination
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 5
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twelve to Eighteen Months
Physical Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Encourage use of climbing equipment, such as inclines or sturdy boxes
Helps toddlers develop large muscle coordination and balance
Provide a safe area and a target for toddlers to throw small, soft objects
Encourage large and small muscle development
Put toys and objects where they can reach, grasp, and move them
Encourage eye-hand coordination
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 6
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twelve to Eighteen Months
Emotional Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Consistently smile and laugh to show happiness. Use a firm voice and no smile to show anger
Helps toddlers develop confidence in recognizing emotions in others
Provide opportunities and props for acting out fear, insecurity, joy, and anger
Encourage toddlers to express emotions and resolve conflicts
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 7
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twelve to Eighteen Months
Social Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Provide ample materials and toys so sharing may be encouraged but not required
Helps toddlers develop a positive self-concept
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 8
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twelve to Eighteen Months
Cognitive Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Helps toddlers develop concept of object permanence. Encourage toddlers to investigate cause and effect relationships
Helps toddlers develop vocabulary and encourage talking
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 9
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twelve to Eighteen Months
Cognitive Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Hide toys while toddlers watch. Ask them to find the toys. Praise successful efforts. Provide time and materials that encourage toddlers to search and identify the cause of certain actions, such as rolling a ball under a chair
Helps toddlers develop concept of object permanence. Encourage toddlers to investigate cause and effect relationships
Play sound games. Point out a picture of an animal and make the sound it makes
Helps toddlers develop vocabulary and encourage talking
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 10
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twelve to Eighteen Months
Toddlers from Eighteen to Twenty-Four Months
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 11
Toddlers in this age group gain more control over large muscles and continue to develop fine motor skills.
Physical Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Encourage large muscle control and coordination
Encourage large muscle control and coordination. Helps toddlers develop balance
Help toddlers develop small muscle control and coordination
Encourage small muscle skills and creativity
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 12
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Eighteen to Twenty-Four Months
Physical Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Provide an area for kicking a ball into a cardboard box or a corner
Encourage large muscle control and coordination
Provide a space for fast and slow riding of cycles, turning curves, and riding in circles
Encourage large muscle control and coordination. Helps toddlers develop balance
Provides materials, such as zipper boards and jars with lids, to stimulate manipulation
Help toddlers develop small muscle control and coordination
Provide markers and crayons Encourage small muscle skills and creativity
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 13
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Eighteen to Twenty-Four Months
Emotional Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Communicate verbally and nonverbally to toddlers during playtime
Encourage self-expression of emotions and develop self-esteem
Listen to toddlers’ fears and fantasies
Help toddlers develop self-esteem
Allow toddlers to show intense swings in emotions and behavior
Help toddlers develop self-esteem and encourage emotional expression and self-control of behavior
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 14
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Eighteen to Twenty-Four Months
Social Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Understand that toddlers think that others feel and think as they do
Encourage a positive self-image and help establish identity
Help the toddler identify and express verbally the feelings others show in their behavior
Encourages awareness of others and their feelings
Encourage and work beside toddlers who want to help clean up
Encourage desirable social traits
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 15
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Eighteen to Twenty-Four Months
Cognitive and Language Development
Caregiver Strategy Objective
Allow toddler time to work out solutions to puzzles
Help toddlers develop use of mental trial and error skills
Identify ideas or themes in toddlers’ symbolic play that seem important to them
Help identify areas important to fulfilling the toddlers’ needs
Recognize meanings of toddlers’ use of words
Provide insight into the toddlers’ meaning of different words and concepts
Patiently answer toddlers’ questions in simple, clear, short sentences
Help toddlers develop proper language skills through imitation of positive model
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 16
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Eighteen to Twenty-Four Months
Child’s Telescope
Cognitive Connections
Classification
Recognition
Language and vocabulary
Joint attention
Perspective taking
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 17
Physical Development
Emotional Development
Social Development
Cognitive and Language Development
24-30 months
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 18
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twenty-Four to Thirty Months
Physical Development
Emotional Development
Social Development
Cognitive and Language Development
24-30 months Play games with toddlers
Provide activities where toddlers can succeed
Provide materials that require sharing
Allow toddlers to create their own classifications of actions, objects, or behaviors
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 19
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Twenty-Four to Thirty Months
Child’s Puppets
Cognitive Connections
Imagination
Abstract thinking
Language
Sequencing
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 20
Physical Development
Emotional Development
Social Development
Cognitive and Language Development
30-36 months Play games and sing songs which include jumping, clapping, running in place, and walking
Reinforce toddlers’ excitement with learning
Use daily routines to help control wait time
Have toddlers use art to represent objects, feelings, or ideas
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 21
Teaching Strategies for Toddlers from Thirty to Thirty-Six Months
Play, Literacy, and Development for Toddlers
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
22
Math
Science
Physical movement
Outdoor play
Art
Music
Play is the work of children
Playing for children is learning
Offer a variety of different learning activities
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
23
Role of Play in Growth and Development of the Preschool Child
Provide your child opportunities to play
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 24
Language and General Knowledge for Preschoolers
Support and guide your child as he or she learns a new activity
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 25
Language and General Knowledge for Preschoolers
Appropriate development activities for school-age children should include several strategies. These children are:
learning to see things from the viewpoint of others
using deductive and inductive reasoning
noting transformations
focusing on more than one part
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 26
Appropriate Development Activities for School-Age Children
Be Creative in Guiding Play of School-Age Children
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
27
Expect wishes, rhymes, and jokes.
Expect monster stories and games with exact rules.
Be prepared for and expect children to sometimes be bored.
Create celebrations for fun and learning.
Be Creative in Guiding Play of School-Age Children
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 28
Encourage role-playing to let children express their feelings and give them a chance to pretend.
Encourage their love of drama through skits.
Support their enthusiasm for joining club.
The Importance of Play
(click on link)
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
29
The Crucial Role of Play in Early Childhood
Brain Development Through Play
(click on link)
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 30
Promoting Healthy Brain Development
Special Needs Children and Play
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 31
Promote positive interactions by providing materials and learning experiences which encourage cooperation.
Plan learning experiences that give children a chance to interact positively.
The Power of Play
(click on link)
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
32
Special Needs Children and Play
The education of children shapes their own personal
development and life chances, as well as the
economic and social progress of our Nation.
• Reading to young children
• Mathematics and reading achievement
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. 33
The Education of Children
Microsoft Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft.
Textbook: Decker, C. (2011). Child development: Early stages through age 12. (5th ed.). Tinley Park: Goodheart-Willcox Company.
Websites:
AblePlay AblePlayTM is a toy rating system and website that provides comprehensive information on toys for children with special needs. AblePlay was created so parents, special educators, therapists and others can make the best decisions when purchasing products for children in their lives with disabilities. http://www.ableplay.org/content/search-products
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Selecting Appropriate Toys for Young Children: The Pediatrician’s Role Articles on appropriate toys for young children http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/111/4/911.full
Fat Brain Toys Toys, games, and tools for children and adults with special developmental needs. http://www.fatbraintoys.com/special_needs/index.cfm
Lekotek The country’s central source on toys and play for children with special needs. Top Ten tips for choosing toys for children. http://www.lekotek.org/resources/informationontoys/tentips.html
National Association for the Education of Young Children Articles and information on children http://www.naeyc.org
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
34
References and Resources
YouTube™: Promoting Healthy Brain Development: You Can Make A Difference Learn how you can make a difference in young children's brain development through everyday activities. Visit www.bbbgeorgia.org for more information. http://youtu.be/prbLhqBsx4M Special Needs Kids and the Power of Play Video demonstrating the healing power of fun and toys for children with disabilities and their families. http://youtu.be/pwWeW7PTB_w The Crucial Role of Play in Early Childhood This video was created to demonstrate the importance of play for young children. The slide show is set to "Upside down" by Jack Johnson. http://youtu.be/8KtUhKVFjJI
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
35
References and Resources