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The Impact of Other People on Our Everyday Lives. A Look at Authority, Group Conformity, and Groupthink. Milgram’s Obedience Studies. “The Man Who Shocked the World”. The “Gentle Accountant” being strapped to the chair…. The Shock Generator. Shock Levels. The Experiment Set-up. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Impact of Other People on Our Everyday
Lives
A Look at Authority, Group Conformity, and Groupthink
Milgram’s Obedience
Studies
“The Man Who Shocked the World”
The “Gentle Accountant” being strapped to the chair…
The Shock Generator
Shock Levels
The Experiment Set-up
Results from Milgrams Experiment
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656568
738080
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Slight Moderate Strong Very Strong Intense ExtremeIntensity
Danger:Severe Shock
MaximumShock (450 v.)
Shock Levels
Perc
ent W
ho O
beye
d
Variations on Experiment
1. Subject control
2. Amount of surveillance by authority (closeness/proximity).
3. Use of force…
Variations on Experiment
4. Subject’s position in larger chain of command.
5. Level of peer support…
The Effect of Rebellious Peers on Obedience to Authority
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Slight Moderate Strong Very Strong Intense ExtremeIntensity
Danger:SevereShock
MaximumShock (450
v.)
Shock Voltage Level
Per
cent
of S
ubje
cts
Obe
ying
Confederate #1defies authority
Confederate #2defies authority
Subject Alone
Subject w ith Two Peers Who Rebel
Asch’s Conformity
Studies
“We are half ruined by conformity; but we should be wholly ruined without it.” ~Charles Dudley Warner
Asch Experiment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1__sHLRF-M
Asch Subjects
Conditions Affecting Conformity
1. Unanimity of the majority
2. Attraction to the group
3. Commitment to future interaction with the group
4. Level of competence relative to other group members
Janis on Groupthink
How Good Groups Make Bad Decisions
Conditions that Contribute to Groupthink
1. Crisis situation
2. Highly cohesive group--high level of we-ness
3. Insulation of group members from judgments and criticisms of qualified others
4. Leader who actively promotes own solution to problems facing the group
How to Avoid Groupthink
1. Group leader should encourage dissent
2. Group leader should be impartial
3. Establish several independent subgroups
4. Call a second chance meeting where each member is encouraged to think about doubts
The Impact of Social Structure on Our Everyday Lives
Aspects of Social Structure
Social institution: the sum of roles and statuses, values, and norms; relatively stable cluster of statuses and roles that develop over time to often insure that some basic need in society will be taken care of.
Status: a position that an individual occupies within the larger social structure
Role: the expectations for behavior attached to a given status
Zimbardo’s Prison Study
“It’s the situation that controls you.”
