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The Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel: A Resource for Systems Genetics
Brian W. Parks University of California, Los Angeles
The Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP)
Over 100 fully genotyped genetically unique inbred mice
Large diversity in clinically-relevant parameters
Ability to perform systems genetics analysis across multiple scales of biology
Understand biological parameters as they work under natural genetic variation
Microbiome
Clinical Traits
Transcriptome Metabalome
Lipidome
Proteome
Genome
Linkage
Resolution: 20-80mb
Genes: 1000s
Association
Resolution: 0.5-5mb
Genes: 1-60
High-Resolution Association Mapping
AA BB 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
AA BB 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SNP-2
Genome-Wide Association Studies
SNP-1
-log 10
(p)
Bennett, B. et al. Genome Res. 2010
HMDP GWAS: HDL Cholesterol
Using Systems Genetics to Identify Genes and Determine Pathways
Civelek M and Lusis AJ, Nat Rev Genetics. 2014
Identify cis and trans expression QTL (eQTL)
Cis- (Local) acting variant
Trans- acting variant
Leptin
Systems Genetics: Integration of Genome-wide Gene Expression Data
Correlation
No LPS + LPS
m Mouse strains Mouse strains
Ifi20
5
Npl
Orozco et. al. Cell 2012
Genetics of Gene Expression: Gene X Environment Interactions
Sorbitol dehydrogenase is part of the polyol pathway that plays an important role in diabetic complications
cis-acting eQTL mediating gene-by-diet interaction
Genetics of Gene Expression:
Gene X Diet Interactions
HMDP: Gene Identification and Validation
Bone Mineral Density (Asxl2) Farber et.al. Plos Genetics. 2011 Obesity (Cbr1) Parks et.al. Cell Metabolism. 2013 Insulin Resistance (Agpat5) Parks et.al. Cell Metabolism. 2015 Cardiac Fibrosis (Abcc6) Rau et.al. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015 Inflammatory Gene Expression (2310061C15Rik) Orozco et.al. Cell 2012 DNA methylation (Mttr) Orozco et.al. Cell Metabolism (Accepted) Network Integration Osteoblast Lineage (Maged1 and Pard6g) Farber et.al. Plos Genetics 2012
Trait distribution
Association mapping
Farber et.al. Plos Genetics. 2011
GWAS: Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
GWAS: Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Farber et.al. Plos Genetics. 2011
Validation: Asxl2 Deletion Decreases Bone Mineral Density
Farber et.al. Plos Genetics. 2011
Environment
Genetics
Disease
Food Consumption
Body Composition (NMR)
End Study
0 10 8 12 14 16 Weeks:
High Fat/High Sucrose Diet
HMDP Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Project: Study Design
Large Variation in Response to Diet
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013 Jan 8;17(1):141-52
Fries
Npc1
17 19
GWAS For Response To Diet -lo
g 10(
p)
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
Amy1
Nature Genetics 41, 157 - 159 (2009)
NPC1 and AMY1: Identified In Human Studies
Nature Genetics. 2014 May;46(5):492-7
Male
Female
Ntng1
Ntng1
17 19
16 18
The First GWAS for Food Intake? -lo
g 10
(p)
-log 1
0 (p
)
Molecular Psychiatry 16, 949-959 (2011)
NTNG1 Identified in Human GWAS for Anorexia
Relevance to Humans?
Farber et.al. Plos Genetics. 2011
Parks et.al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
HMDP
Gene Identification
Biological Pathway
Systems Genetics: Pathway Discovery
Chromosome 16 Locus For Body Fat Response To Diet
-log 1
0 (p
)
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
Cbr1 cis eQTL
Systems Genetics: Integration of Gene Expression
Adipose Tissue From High-Fat/High-Sucrose Fed Male Mice
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
Carbonyl Reductase 1
NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity.
Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, plus various xenobiotics.
What is Cbr1?
Never before studied in obesity and metabolism
020406080
100120140160180
Cbr1 +/+ Cbr1 +/-
Body
fat p
erce
ntag
e ch
ange
(8
wee
ks h
igh-
fat/h
igh-
sucr
ose
diet
)
Validation of Cbr1
How is Cbr1 controlling dietary responses?
0 2 4 6 8 10
Lymph nodeSpleen
Subcutaneous adiposeVisceral adipose
Brown adiposeLiverHeart
MuscleHypothalamus
Striatum/cerebellumLung
DuodenumJejunum
IleumColon
KidneyAdrenal Gland
Gall Bladder
Cbr1 Expressed in Multiple Relevant Tissues
Cbr1 expression in liver correlates with hypo-taurine (conjugated to Bile Acids)
Cbr1 is a direct FXR target gene
Cbr1
GW4064 GSK2324
− + − − + − − − + − − +
mR
NA
(Fol
d ch
ange
)
FXR WT FXR KO
Cbr1
FXRE FXR ChIP-Seq
Environment
Genetics
Disease Microbiome
Chow Diet High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet
Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes Firmicutes Other Proteobacteria Tenericutes Verrucomicrobia
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
Dramatic Shift in Gut Microbiota
Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes Firmicutes Other Proteobacteria Tenericutes Verrucomicrobia
Strain-Specific Shift in Gut Microbiota
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
SWR AXB19
SWR -> AXB19
AXB19 -> SWR SWR
AXB19
Cross-fostering pups
Microbial composition
Cross fostered pups 4 wks after weaning Parents
diet
Cross-fostering Microbial Communities
Elin Org (Unpublished)
Akkermansia Relationship to Obesity
Parks BW, et. al. Cell Metabolism. 2013
Body Fat Percentage Growth – 0 to 8 wks
400 0 100 200 300
Akk
erm
ansi
a
(rela
tive
abun
danc
e)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Epigenetics: DNA Methylation
Chr
1 po
sitio
n (M
b)
HMDP Strains
Methylation fraction
DNA Methylation on Chromosome 1 in Liver
Orozco et.al. Cell Metabolism (Accepted)
CpG
posit
ion
in g
enom
e
SNP position in genome
Genetic Control of DNA Methylation
Orozco et.al. Cell Metabolism (Accepted)
Trans Regulation of Methylation in Liver
Orozco et.al. Cell Metabolism (Accepted)
Padmanabhan et al. Cell. 2013
Methionine Synthase Reductase (Mtrr) and Generation of Methyl Groups
Methylation Levels
Mtrr KO Mice Have Altered Methylation at Hotspot Sites
Orozco et.al. Cell Metabolism (Accepted)
Plasma HDL EWAS (CpG methylation association)
Apoa2 gene
Epigenome-wide Association Study (EWAS) Identifies HDL locus on Chromosome 1
Orozco et.al. Cell Metabolism (Accepted)
Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) Gene Identification/validation: Asxl2 (Bone Mineral Density), Cbr1 (Gene X Diet), Agpat5 (Insulin Resistance), Dusp7 (Insulin Resistance) Pathway Discovery: Cbr1 (Gene X Diet) Bile Acids Integration: Transcriptomics, Microbiome, Epigenetics EWAS: Using variation in epigenetics for association mapping
Poster by Marcus Seldin: “Systems genetics approach uncovers Dusp7 as a novel phosphatase
regulating skeletal muscle insulin signaling. “
Overview
Diabetic complications (Jake Lusis, Rich Davis, NIH grant) Heart failure (Yibin Wang, Jake Lusis, NIH grant) Atherosclerosis (Jake Lusis, Eleazer Eskin, NIH grant) DNA methylation (Matteo Pelligrini, NIH grant) Asthma (Hooman Allayee, USC, NIH grant) Gene-by-diet interactions in obesity (Jake Lusis, Eskin, NIH grant) Osteoporosis (Charles Farber, U. Virginia, NIH grant) Deafness (Rick Friedman, House Ear Inst., NIH grant) Gum disease (Flavia Pirih, Sotirios Tetradis, grant submitted) Hepatotoxicity (Simon Beaven, grant in preparation) Addictive behavior (David Jentsch, NIH grant) Vascular injury (Renee LeBoeuf, U. Wash., NIH grant) Conditioned frea (Des Smith, NIH grant) Gut flora (Tom Drake, grant in preparation) Arrhythmia (Jim Weiss, grant submitted) Mineral metabolism (Chris Vulpe, UC Berkeley, NIH grant) Jaw shape (Sotirios Tetradis, grant in preparation)
Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel: Ongoing Projects
Jake Lusis, UCLA: diet-metabolic disorders Frank Gilliland, USC: air pollution – asthma Chris Vulpe, UC Berkeley: metals-metabolic traits David Jentsch, UCLA: drugs-addictive behavior Rick Friedman, USC: noise-deafness Yibin Wang, UCLA: adrenergic stimulation-heart failure Karen Reue, UCLA: statins-myopathy
HMDP: Gene X Environment Projects
HMDP: Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Mice freeily available (JAX) High Quality Genotypes (Mouse Diversity Array) Inbred mice Repeated Measures Lots of variation in all traits measured Results can be integrated across studies Building database of results Disadvantages Low Power Only 100-150 strains Commitment Long term project Cost Genetic Drift
UCLA Computer Science Eleazar Eskin
Jackson Laboratories Gary Churchill
Bristol Myers Squibb
Isis Pharmaceuticals
Microbiome Elin Org
Rob Knight (Colorado)
Aldons ‘Jake’ Lusis
HMDP Brian Bennett (UNC) Charles Farber (UVA) Luz Orozco (UCLA)
Lab Elizabeth Nam
Margarete Mehrabian Simon Hui
Frode Norheim Hannah Qi
Zhiqiang Zhou Elin Org
Marcus Seldin Mete Civelek Calvin Pan
Acknowledgements
K99/R00 Pathway to Independence
Award
Funding
A toolbox for dissecting complex traits
systems.genetics.ucla.edu