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TheTheHumanitarian Humanitarian
CommunityCommunity
MPAT Tempest Express – 14MPAT Tempest Express – 14
4-14 March 20084-14 March 2008
Phnom Penh, CambodiaPhnom Penh, Cambodia
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
Host NationHost NationN
eed
for
Assis
tan
ce
Emergency Relief Phase
TransitionPoint
Recovery / Development
Crisis
International Civilian Relief
International Military and
Civil Defence Relief
Local / National Response
Capacity building
UN
OC
HA
, M
od
ified
Host NationHost Nation
Ross Sovann, Disaster Management Advisor to the National Committee for Disaster Management
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
UN Agencies, Offices & UN Agencies, Offices & ProgrammesProgrammes
UNHCRUNHCR – UN High – UN High Commissioner for Commissioner for RefugeesRefugees
UNICEFUNICEF – UN – UN Children’s FundChildren’s Fund
WFPWFP – World Food – World Food ProgrammeProgramme
UNJLCUNJLC – UN – UN Joint Logistics Joint Logistics CentreCentre
UNDPUNDP – UN – UN Development Development ProgrammeProgramme
UN Agencies, Offices & UN Agencies, Offices & ProgrammesProgrammes
UNHCRUNHCR – UN High – UN High Commissioner for Commissioner for RefugeesRefugees
UNICEFUNICEF – UN – UN Children’s FundChildren’s Fund
WFPWFP – World Food – World Food ProgrammeProgramme
UNJLCUNJLC – UN – UN Joint Logistics Joint Logistics CentreCentre
UNDPUNDP – UN – UN Development Development ProgrammeProgramme
WHOWHO – World Health – World Health OrganizationOrganization
OHCHROHCHR – UN Office – UN Office of the High of the High Commissioner for Commissioner for Human RightsHuman Rights
UNFPAUNFPA– UN – UN Population FundPopulation Fund
OCHAOCHA – UN Office for – UN Office for the Coordination of the Coordination of Humanitarian Humanitarian AffairsAffairs
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
International OrganizationsInternational Organizations
International Organization for International Organization for Migration Migration
International organization with 120 International organization with 120 member states;member states;
Leading international agency dealing with Leading international agency dealing with migration issues:migration issues: Advance understanding of migration Advance understanding of migration
issues;issues; Encourage social and economic Encourage social and economic
development through migration;development through migration; Uphold human dignity and well-being of Uphold human dignity and well-being of
migrants.migrants.
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
Red Cross / Red Red Cross / Red Crescent MovementCrescent Movement
Red Cross/Red Crescent MovementRed Cross/Red Crescent Movement3 distinct entities:3 distinct entities:
ICRC – International Committee of the Red ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross;Cross;
IFRC – International Federation of Red IFRC – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies;Cross and Red Crescent Societies;
National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies.National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies.
ICRCICRC
ICRC – ICRC –
International Committee of the Red CrossInternational Committee of the Red Cross Mandate - To protect and assist the victims of Mandate - To protect and assist the victims of
armed conflict;armed conflict;
Protect POWs, detainees & civilians, tracing of Protect POWs, detainees & civilians, tracing of missing persons, family reunification, missing persons, family reunification, humanitarian relief;humanitarian relief;
Mandate conferred under 1949 Geneva Mandate conferred under 1949 Geneva Conventions & 1977 Protocols, and ICRC Conventions & 1977 Protocols, and ICRC Statutes.Statutes.
-Prison visits;Prison visits;-Tracing missing Tracing missing persons;persons;
-Safe water, food and Safe water, food and medical assistance;medical assistance;
-Family reunification;Family reunification; -Promoting IHL;Promoting IHL;
ICR
C
IFRCIFRC
IFRC – International Federation of Red IFRC – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesCross and Red Crescent Societies Founded in 1919;Founded in 1919; Consists of 186 national societies, a Consists of 186 national societies, a
Secretariat and 60+ delegations Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide;worldwide;
Works with & assists national societies Works with & assists national societies with:with:-Promoting Promoting humanitarian humanitarian principles & values;principles & values;
-Disaster Disaster preparedness;preparedness;
-Health & care in the Health & care in the community.community.
-Disaster response;Disaster response;-Guidelines on Guidelines on International International Disaster ResponsesDisaster Responses
IFR
C
National Red National Red Cross /Cross /
Red Crescent Red Crescent SocietiesSocietiesNational SocietiesNational Societies
186 National Red Cross or Red Crescent 186 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies;societies;
1 national society in a country – either 1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent:Red Cross or Red Crescent:
Auxiliaries to public authorities in their Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country:country:
-Membership open Membership open to all without to all without discrimination;discrimination;
-Work throughout Work throughout the country;the country;
-Promoting Promoting humanitarian humanitarian principles & values;principles & values;
-Disaster Disaster preparedness;preparedness;
-Disaster response;Disaster response; -Health & care in Health & care in the community.the community.
CRC
CR
C
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
NGOsNGOs
Non-Governmental Organizations – Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOsNGOs
Not an agencies of a government or UN;Not an agencies of a government or UN; Private humanitarian organizations Private humanitarian organizations
established by individual charters;established by individual charters; Diverse in size, organization, motive, Diverse in size, organization, motive,
resources, function and mission;resources, function and mission; Funded by grants or private donations;Funded by grants or private donations; National or international;National or international; Essential to humanitarian operations:Essential to humanitarian operations:
Implementing partners for UN and donor Implementing partners for UN and donor government projectsgovernment projects
One of first responders to arrive, last to One of first responders to arrive, last to leave leave
Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actorsactors
Save the ChildrenInternational
NGOsNGOsWeaknesses:Weaknesses: Not a homogenous Not a homogenous
system;system; Lack of collaboration;Lack of collaboration; Small size;Small size; Identify projects in Identify projects in
areas of expertise;areas of expertise; Donor dependent;Donor dependent; Government funding Government funding
can erode can erode independence.independence.
Strengths:Strengths: Critical recipient level Critical recipient level
humanitarian work;humanitarian work; Small size = less Small size = less
bureaucracy, cheaper bureaucracy, cheaper & more effective;& more effective;
Increased scope & Increased scope & independence;independence;
Access to local Access to local knowledge;knowledge;
Non-partisanship Non-partisanship essential to security;essential to security;
Work protected by Work protected by international international convention.convention.
Oxf
am
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
DonorsDonors
DonorsDonors
UN & otherUN & otherinternationalinternationalorganizationsorganizations
International NGOsInternational NGOs
National NGOsNational NGOs
Donors: Donors: Agencies & SourcesAgencies & Sources
Major Donors:Major Donors: AusAIDAusAID – Australian Council for – Australian Council for
International AidInternational Aid CIDACIDA – Canadian International – Canadian International
Development AgencyDevelopment Agency DfIDDfID – UK Dept. for International – UK Dept. for International
DevelopmentDevelopment ECHOECHO – European Community – European Community
Humanitarian OfficeHumanitarian Office JICAJICA – Japanese International – Japanese International
Cooperation AgencyCooperation Agency USAIDUSAID – United States Agency for – United States Agency for
International DevelopmentInternational Development Private donationsPrivate donations
Humanitarian Community: Humanitarian Community: ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives: Discuss the Objectives: Discuss the responsibilities, mandates & responsibilities, mandates & operations of:operations of:
The host nation;The host nation; The United Nations and its agencies The United Nations and its agencies
& offices;& offices; International Organizations;International Organizations; The Red Cross / Red Crescent The Red Cross / Red Crescent
Movement Societies;Movement Societies; Non-governmental Organizations; &Non-governmental Organizations; & Donors.Donors.
Humanitarian CommunityHumanitarian Community
Questions?Questions?
MSF