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The Human Face of War
EQ:What was life like for
soldiers and on the home front?
The Soldier’s Life
Men from all over fought in the Civil War
Many hoped for excitement and glory; instead they found terror in battle and boredom in camp a camp is a group of temporary
shelters, such as tents
Entertainment
Soldiers read, sang, or wrote letters to pass the time in camp
Some put on shows or printed newspapers
They loved to get letters
Necessities Food in the army was usually poor
Union soldiers grew tired of eating the same food almost every day.
Confederate soldiers suffered more because they often did not have enough to eat.
Who were the Soldiers?
Soldiers came from a variety of backgrounds – at first, almost all were white and born in the USA.
As the war went on, the Union allowed African Americans to join.
About 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army
Immigrants also joined the Union army (Germany, Ireland, Italy, American Indians)
Thousands of boys went into the battle even though they were too youngSome were drummers who sent signals to
soldiers in battleHundreds of women on both sides
disguised themselves as men and joined the army
Women also served as spies for one side or the other
Casualties of War This was the deadliest war in
American history Not only were the casualties of war
high, but disease killed twice as many soldiers as the fighting did
Nurses
Women helped take care of the sick and wounded
Women in both the north and south served as nurses – some in hospitals, others in their own homeClara Barton – later founded the
American Red Cross
On the Home Front
Soldiers left their families behind when they went to war – those families are part of the home front (all the people who aren’t in the military)
Women’s role With men gone, women took on new
tasksThey ran farms and businesses
Thousands of women sewed uniforms, knitted socks, made bandages, and raised money for their armies
A new invention Most of the battles took place in the
South … few people in the North could see the war happening The new technology of photography let
civilians see what the war looked like.Civilian = person who is not in the
militaryMatthew Brady took pictures & showed
them to the North. Civilians saw that war was much worse than they realized
The Southern Home Front
Life on the home front was especially hard in the South. Their farms became battlefieldsTheir cities, homes, and barns were
destroyed Soldiers and citizens often didn’t have
enough to eat – prices of food increased which made it harder to afford
Tough times for both sides
Davis & Lincoln each needed to start a draft to find more soldiers
Draft = government selects people to serve in the military
People rioted against the draft and thousands of soldiers had to be sent to stop the riots (a violent protest)
Effects of WarBecause the majority of the battles had been fought in the South, they experienced the most hardships. By the end of the war, the South was devastated: Railroads, farms, industries, and homes were all destroyed.
Many soldiers on both sides died from diseases. The Confederacy lost so many men that teenage boys began to join the Army later in the war. The Union economy prospered during the war. Farmers produced more crops to feed the soldiers, and industries grew to provide military supplies.