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The Human Body Systems. The Nervous System. The Nervous System. What is the nervous system? Control Center Communications Network Responsibilities: - Thoughts - Senses - Movement - Balance - Automatic Responses. The Nervous System. The Nervous System Is Divided Into 2 Main Parts - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Human Body Systems
The Nervous System
The Nervous SystemWhat is the nervous system?
o Control Centero Communications Network
Responsibilities:
- Thoughts - Senses - Movement
- Balance - Automatic Responses
The Nervous System The Nervous System Is Divided Into 2 Main Parts
The Central Nervous System (CNS)o The Brain & Spinal Cord
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)o Nerves That Link Body With CNS
Basic Tasks of the Nervous System
Sensory Input: Monitor both external and internal environments.
Integration: Process the information and often integrate it with stored information.
Motor output: If necessary, signal effector organs to make an appropriate response.
Communication Nerves: Bundles of Tissue
Three Parts to a Neurono Cell Body (the brain of a neuron)o Dendrites (receives)o Axon (carries signals)
SynapseSynapse: the joining of two neurons (one sending, one receiving).
Synapse & Neurotransmitters
The axons do not touch.
Separation: synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by axons that travel through the synaptic cleft.
Synaptic Cleft & Neurotransmitters
Released by Axon
Travels Across Synaptic Cleft
Binds to Receptors on Next Nerve
The Main Control Center (CNS)
Three Major Areaso Cerebrumo Cerebellumo Brain Stem
The Brain
The Brain
The Brain - Cerebrum
Center for thought, imagination, emotion, activity.
Two Halves (Hemispheres)
Each Half: 4 Lobeso Frontal o Temporal o Parietalo Occipital
Cerebrum –Lobes
Frontal Lobe: Speech, Thought, Taste, & Movement
Parietal Lobe: Touch
Temporal Lobe: Hearing
Occipital Lobe: Vision
The Brain - Cerebellum Balance & Coordination
Smooth's Movement for Fine Coordination
Secondary: language, attention, regulating fear & pleasure
The Brain – Brain Stem Guides Signals From Brain & Spinal Cord
Structurally Continuous
Three Partso Midbraino Ponso Medulla Oblongata
Brain Stem - Midbrain Smallest Portion of Brain Relays Information Vision Hearing Motor Control Sleep Arousal Alertness Temperature
The Brain - Pons Latin: bridge
Relays information
Sleep
Arousal
Automatic Functionso Heartbeato Breathingo Digestionso Swallowingo Vomitingo Sneezingo Coughing
The Brain – Medulla Oblongata
Final Link Between Brain & Spinal Cord
Relays Information
Automatic Actionso Heartbeato Breathingo Digestionso Swallowingo Vomitingo Sneezingo Coughing
Spinal Cord & Spine
Spinal Cord: thick cord of nerve tissue
Spine: protective bone structure
Spine Spine: protective bone structure
o 33 vertebraeo 9 fusedo 24 articulating (moving)
Spine Categorized
Lower Bigger Vertebrae
Which 9 vertebrae's are fused? Why?
Naming Vertebrae’s: Categories
Naming Vertebrae’s C1 to C7
T1 to T12
L1 to L5
Sacrum
Coccyx
The Human Body Systems
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System What is the Skeletal System?
o All 206 Bones in Body
What is the Purpose?o Give Body Shape & Supporto Protection for Vital Organso Produces Blood Cells
Parts of Bones (Long)
Epiphysis: Ends of Bone
Diaphysis: Middle of Bone
Parts of Bones (Long)Articular Cartilage: cartilage covering articular
surfaces (joints)
Purpose: Helps provide support/cushion in joints.
Parts of Bones (Long)Cancellous Bone (Spongy): a highly vascular bone that contains red bone marrow, typically located at the end of bones. It contains high surface area, but less density.
Purpose: makes bone light and strong, while producing red blood cells.
Parts of Bones (Long)Epiphyseal Plate: contains growing bone in pre-adult years. As you age, the bone elongates. Once, you have stopped growing, this plate solidifies.
Parts of Bones (Long)Marrow Cavity: the cavity in the diaphysis of a long bone containing the marrow.
Yellow Bone Marrow: soft tissue, made mostly of fat, that stores energy (diaphysis).
Red Bone Marrow: soft tissue that aids in the production of red blood cells (epiphysis).
Parts of Bones (Long)Periosteum: membrane that lines the outer layer of bones.
Purpose: outer layer serves as an attachment point for muscles and bones through tendons and ligaments.
Purpose: inner layer will help breakdown and build bone.
Parts of Bones (Long)Compact Bone: provides support and is made up of living bone cells, minerals, protein fibers, blood vessels, and nerves.
Compact Bone
Joints Joints: the joining of two or more bones.
Types of Joints:o Fixedo Semimovableo Pivoto Ball-and-Socketo Hingeo Ellipsoidal
206 Total Bones = Lots of Joints
Fixed Joint
A fixed joint does not allow movement.
Semimovable Joints
A Semimovable joints allows for little movements.
Pivot Joint
A pivot joint is a joint in which one bone rotates around another bone.
Ball-and-Socket Joint
A ball-and-socket joint allows for great movement in any direction.
Hinge Joint
A hinge joint allows for back and forth movement.
Ellipsoidal Joint
An ellipsoidal joint allows for all movement except for rotation.
Identifying Bones 206 Bones
Career Field How Much You Need to Know
Health Class The Basics
Identifying Bones – Skull (Front)
Identifying Bones - Shoulder
Identifying Bones -
Identifying Bones – Arms / Hands
Identifying Bones - Pelvis
Identifying Bones – Legs / Feet
The Human Body Systems
The Muscular System
The Muscular System All Movement of Body
o Running, Walking, Etc.o Breathingo Digesting Foodo Pumping Blood
Protect Joints
Protect Organs
Create Heat
What are muscles made of?
Muscle Fibers: bundles of long Paired Strains of Protein.
Parts of Muscle FiberActin (thin): Protein, Works with Myosin for Contraction.
Myosin (thick): Protein, Works with Actin for Contraction (Motor).
Parts of Muscle FiberSarcomere: the basic unit of a muscle fiber (Z Line to Z Line)
Parts of Muscle FiberM-Line: Middle of Sarcomeres, Anchors the Myosin
Z-Disc: Beginning & End of Sarcomeres, Anchor Actin
Parts of Muscle FiberA Band: the entire length of the myosin.
Parts of Muscle FiberI Band: the zone of actin that is not connected to myosin.
Parts of Muscle FiberH Zone: the zone of myosin that is not connected to actin. (located inside the A Band)
Muscle Fiber - Contraction
How does muscle grow?
Types of Muscle FibersSkeletal Muscle: striated (striped), move voluntarily.
Smooth Muscle: involuntary movements.
Cardiac Muscle: only found in the heart.
Types of Muscle Fibers
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth or Cardiac?How can you tell the difference?
VS
Smooth or Cardiac?They appear similar, but look for the intercalated disks.
Intercalated Disks: connects adjacent cardiac cells, allowing for
faster electric transfer.
Identifying The Muscles of The Body
Approximately 639 to 850 Muscles in Body
Debate
Basics
How are muscles named?o Sizeo Location on Bodyo Relation to Boneo Origin & Insertiono Direction of Fibers
Names started developing in the 1500’s by Greek and Roman Anatomists.
Many words contain Greek and Latin roots.
Identifying Muscles – Upper Body (Front)
Identifying Muscles – Upper Body (Back)
Identifying Muscles – Arms
Identifying Muscles – Arms
Identifying Muscles – Upper Leg (Front)
Many more muscles in the upper leg, but we will focus on the quads.
Identifying Muscles – Upper Leg (Back)
Many more muscles in the upper leg, but we will focus on the Hamstrings.
Identifying Muscles – Hamstrings
Identifying Muscles – Hamstrings
Identifying Muscles – Biceps Femoris
Identifying Muscles – The Glutes
Four Total Partso Gluteus Maximuso Gluteus Minimuso Gluteus Mediuso Tensor Fasciae Latae
Identifying Muscles – Gluteus Maximus
Identifying Muscles – Gluteus Medius
Identifying Muscles – Gluteus Minimus
Identifying Muscles – Tensor Fasciae Latae
The Glutes (Three Main Parts)
Identifying Muscles – Lower Leg (Back)
Identifying Muscles – Lower Leg (Back)
Identifying Muscles – Lower Leg (Back)
Identifying Muscles – Lower Leg (Front)
Tibialis Anterior
Identifying Muscles – Lower Leg
The Human Body Systems
The Circulatory System
The Human Body Systems
The Respiratory System
The Human Body Systems
The Digestive System
The Human Body Systems
The Excretory System
The Human Body Systems
The Immune System
The Human Body Systems
The Endocrine System
The Human Body Systems
The Male Reproductive System
The Human Body Systems
The Female Reproductive System
