The Home Frontreference Chapter 24

How did Americans on the home front support or oppose the war?

Mobilization• The Draft – 9 million

registered– 3 million– Volunteers – 2 million

• Increased production– fuel, ships, weapons,

food– governing boards

oversee the economy• New government

agencies were formed to organize the war effort

WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

Propaganda Campaigns(important element of total wartotal war theory)

• CPI (Committee on Public Information)

• George Creel• “4-Minute Men”

Financing the War• Increased the number

of people paying the new income tax– 437,000 in 1917– 4.4 million in 1918

• Liberty Bond DrivesBond = loan with interest

“The Great Migration”

• Pull factor =Job opportunities in the factories of the North• Push Factor = poverty, Jim Crow, lynching terrorism

See map page 309 of text

Opposition to the War• Many women

– Jeanette Rankin (1st woman rep. in Congress)

• “You can no more win a war than you can win an earthquake.”

• Women’s Peace Party

• Quakers/Pacifists• Socialists• Opponents of big business

– “command of gold”– profiteering

Conscientious objectors

African-Americans react to the war

• WEB DuBois urges blacks to enlist

• Wm. Henry Trotter disgrees.– “Why not make America

safe for democracy?”

The Suppression of Dissent• Espionage Act 1917

• crime to interfere with the draft, • “obstruct…the war effort”

– Schenck v. US (1919)• Sedition Act 1918

• Restricts freedom of speech– “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” of government

• Other restrictions on speech and action– 2,000 prosecutions

• including Eugene Debs (10 years)

• Public persecution of Germans

Read Section 24.6

• With your partner, discuss:• What is symbolic speech? What are some

examples?• How is symbolic speech different from regular

speech?

• In your spiral, label 24.6 Should acts of political speech be protected by the 1st Amendment?– Write a 1 paragraph response.

Outline 25.2I. Wilson’s Vision for World Peace

I. Fourteen Points to End All WarsI. Announced to Congress Jan. 1918II. Make the world “fit and safe to live in”III. Goal: eliminate the causes of war

a. end to secret agreementsb. freedom of the seasc. reduce armaments and armies

IV. Goal: self-determinationa. ethnic groups within empires should determine gov.

V. Goal: collective securitya. protect independence and territorial integrityb. League of Nations

II. Wilson’s Unusual DecisionsA. Wilson leads American delegation.B. campaigns for Democrats to support his plan

1. Republicans win midterm electionsC. Wilson rejects Republicans for peace delegation

2. Republicans do not trust Wilson’s appointees.