The Holocaustliterally: “all-consuming fire”

The First Solution1933-39

•Loss of citizenship

•Dismissal from government service

•Banning of kosher butchering

•Jewish lawyers disbarred

•Jewish doctors forbidden to practice medicine

The First Solution1933-39

Discrimination

Jewish stores were boycotted

Books which did not support Nazi ideology were burned at public rallies.

A Star of David was placed on Jews to identify them for discrimination.

Kristallnacht (Nov 9 & 10, 1938)

As many as 2,000 synagogues were burned. And, Jews were blamed.

Thousands of Jewish businesses, cemeteries and schools were destroyed or vandalized.

Kristallnacht, and later the German invasion of Poland, led to . . .

The Second Solution

1939-41

•Transfer of Jews to ghettos outside Germany

•Wealthy Jews had to pay for the eviction of Jews from Austria and Czechoslovakia

•Most were moved to concentration camps in Poland

The Second Solution

1939-41

Segregation

Polish Jews Rounded Up for Relocation

A shrunken head, hung in the middle of Buchenwald

concentration camp to terrorize prisoners.

Gold and silver teeth extracted from Jews. Glasses were taken, too.

The German invasion of Russia, with its millions of Jews, led to . . .

The Final Solution

1941-45

•Mobile killing units in the Soviet Union

•“A more efficient method is needed.”

•Gas chambers to kill Jews; crematoria or open pits to burn the dead bodies

•Shoes, gold teeth, hair, tattoos were harvested off the Jews.

The Final Solution

1941-45

Annihilation6,000,000 Jews were killed in

the Holocaust.

Einsatzgruppen (SS troops) – Mobile killing units

800,000 victims’ shoes were found at Majdanek death camp in Poland.

(Kulmhof) Chelmno

__________ December 7,

1941 Gas Vans

_________Killed

320,000

Auschwitz- Birkenau _______

September, 1941

Zyklon-B

_________Killed

1,200,000

*Belzek ________March 17,

1942Carbon

Monoxide gas

________Killed

600,000

*Sobibor ________

March, 1942Carbon

Monoxide gas

________Killed

250,000

*Treblinka __________July 23, 1942

Carbon Monoxide

gas __________

Killed 700,000

Majdanek _________

October, 1942

Carbon Monoxide

and Zyklon B gas

_________Killed

1,380,000

Stutthof _________June, 1944

Zyklon-B gas _______

Killed 65,000

Timeline for Nazi Extermination Camps

Heinrich Himmler, head of the Nazi death camps.

Auschwitz

“Work makes you free.”

As many as 3 million Jews were brought here by rail, to be killed.

In a case in which a mother did not want to be separated from her thirteen-year-old daughter, and bit and scratched the face of the SS man who tried to force her to her assigned line, the SS doctor Josef

Mengele drew his gun and shot both the woman and the child.

Likewise at Auschwitz Dr. Herta Oberhauser killed children with oil and evipan injections, removed their limbs and vital

organs, rubbed ground glass and sawdust into wounds.

One twin recalls the death of his brother: "Dr. Mengele had always been more interested in Tibi. I am not sure why - perhaps because he was the older twin. Mengele made

several operations on Tibi. One surgery on his spine left my brother paralyzed. He could not walk anymore. Then they took out his sexual organs. After the fourth operation, I did

not see Tibi anymore. I cannot tell you how I felt. It is impossible to put into words how I felt. They had taken

away my father, my mother, my two older brothers - and now, my twin ..."

Among the evidence of Nazi atrocities found at Buchenwald camp were the tattooed skin of Jews, some of which was turned into a lamp shade.

The Allied armies who liberated these camps in 1945 found many dead, some of whom were not buried or cremated . . . .

. . . Some Jews were still living – barely.

The Holocaust

This must never happen again.