The History of the Study of Human Movement

The History of the Study of Human MovementChapter 2
Sport Books Publisher

Sport Books Publisher*Table of ContentsWhy Study the History of Human Movement?Past InfluencesEnduring ThemesModern European ThemesModern North American Themes

Sport Books Publisher*ObjectivesHaving a historical frame of reference is important for understanding kinesiologyDescribe the major historical landmarks in the evolution of the study of human movementDescribe cultural attitudes and practices, individuals, and events that have most influenced the study of human movement in higher education

Why Study the History of Movement?

Sport Books Publisher*The History of Human MovementKinesiology students can:gain a historical frame of referenceunderstand the impact of early events on current affairspredict future trends

Past Influences on the Study of Human Movement in Higher Education

Sport Books Publisher*Early InfluencesMovements were culturally specificPhysical abilities were used to engage in useful activities:gathering of foodhuntingnecessary physical labor for survival

Sport Books Publisher*Early InfluencesNew activities begin to emerge:
hunting and fighting become complexnow require training and preparationrhythmic movement at festivalscommunal dancestrials of strength and combative ability

Sport Books Publisher*Early InfluencesSimple forms of sporting contests in pastoral and agricultural societies: running races wrestling boxing shooting contests fencing with various weapons jumping throwing swimming rowing riding animals chariot racing various ball games

Sport Books Publisher*The Greek Influence6th to 9th century B.C.:daily activities balancedsport played large role in everyday lifeBy the 9th century:physical activities extended beyond battlegymnasiums and wrestling schools built

Sport Books Publisher*The Greek InfluenceEarly 6th century B.C.:Panhellenic games establishedthe Isthmian, the Pythian, the Nemeangames also held at the religious sanctuary of Olympiaregister dates back to 776 B.C.

Sport Books Publisher*The Greek InfluenceAthletic emphasis at games:foot racingthe pentathlon jumpingdiscusjavelina one-stage foot racewrestlingheavy eventsboxingwrestlingpankrationcombined wrestling and boxingchariot racing

Sport Books Publisher*The Greek InfluenceAll games featured balance between athletics, music, poetry, and dramaFostered political democracycitizen athletes could improve their upward mobilityCompetitive activity accompanied by rhythm and harmony of music and dance

Sport Books Publisher*The Roman AgeEmphasis on the physical centered on strength and hardinessRoman emperors promoted games and festivalspurpose was to occupy and appease Roman subjectsoften brutal, spectator-oriented
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The History of the Study of Human Movement

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