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The History of American Police

The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel 1829 – Metropolitan Police Hesitant approval... Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

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Page 1: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

The History of American Police

Page 2: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Sir Robert Peel

1829 – Metropolitan PoliceHesitant approval . . .Concern over use of police as a

mechanism for political tyrannyShould we sacrifice or limit

INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY to improve the ability of the police to prevent or detect crime?

Page 3: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Influence of English Heritage

Limited Police AuthorityLocal ControlDecentralization

Page 4: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Pre-Political Era

Birth of the nation to 1870Diverse, uncoordinated attempts

to develop police to meet the unique needs of a community

e.g. Texas Rangers…cattle rustling

Sheriffs & Marshals…maintaining order in towns

Page 5: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Political EraMid-19th CenturyPolitical machines recruited cops to

encourage citizens to vote for the “right” candidates

Thugs were hired to intimidate, intrude, and to exert political influence

Lots of corruption, payoffs, organized crime, etc…

Reform…replacing “his” cops with “mine”

Page 6: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Professional Era

20th CenturyThree forces for change:

Organized move for professionalismModern communications technologyCivil rights movement

Page 7: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

August Vollmer

Chief of Police, Berkley, 1905-1932Principles of police administrationHigher educationHiring college graduatesBetter training

Page 8: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Reform Agenda

Eliminate political influenceAppoint qualified chiefsNonpartisan public serviceRaise personnel standardsScientific management

(centralized command and control)Develop specialized units

Page 9: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Community Policing Era

1970’sWilson, Kelling, TrojanowiczDecentralizedGeneralist

Page 10: The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel  1829 – Metropolitan Police  Hesitant approval...  Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political

Bayley’s Development of PolicePublic

Paid by & directed by communities

SpecializedDesigned to perform one

particular task (applying force)Professional

Explicit attention given to quality