THE HIP JOINT

Muscles of the Hip

Gluteus Maximus

O: lower posterior iliac crest and posterior surface of the sacrum

I: gluteal tuberosity (upper, posterior aspect of the femur) & I.T. band

Actions: Extension of the hip External rotation of the hip Lower fibers (below the center

of motion) assist in adduction

Extension

Gluteus Maximus

Produces hip extension beyond 15 degrees; not used extensively during walking

Strongly used during running, hopping, skipping, and jumping

Best isolated with the knee flexed to reduce hip extension from the hamstrings

40 degrees

Gluteus Medius

O: outer surface of the ilium just below the crest

I: greater trochanter Actions:

Abduction of the hip Anterior fibers:

Internal rotation, Posterior fibers:

External rotation.

Gluteus Minimus

O: outer surface of the ilium beneath the gluteus medius

I: greater trochanter of the femur

Actions Abduction of the hip Internal rotation

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

During walking these muscles abduct (or hold up) the free leg, preventing it from sagging.

Both are important in transferring weight from one leg to the other (e.g. running, hopping, skipping, etc.)

Their effectiveness decreases with age.

Biceps Femoris

Lateral side Origin:

1.) Long head - ischial tuberosity; 2.) Short head - lower half of the

linea aspera Insertion: Head of the fibula Action:

Extension of hip External rotation of the hip (and knee) (Flexion of knee)

Biceps Femoris

One of the hamstring muscles (semitendinosus and semimembranosus)

A two-joint muscle which is a powerful hip extensor unless the knees are flexed

Isolated during leg curls with some external rotation of the hip and knee. This “lines up” the origin and insertion.

Semitendinosus

Medial side; superficial Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface

of proximal end of the tibia

Action: Extension of the hip Internal rotation of the hip

(and knee) Flexion of the knee

Semimembranosus

Medial side, deeper than semitendonosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of

the tibia Action:

Extension of the hip Internal rotation of the hip (and

knee) Flexion of the knee

Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus Two-joint muscles Used in ordinary walking for hip extension Best exercised with knee flexion exercises (leg curls)

with the hip and knee internally rotated Help to medially stabilize knee

Tensor Fasciae Latae

O: iliac crest I: iliotibial (I.T.) band Actions:

Flexion of the hip Internal rotation Abduction of the hip

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Prevents external rotation at the hip is flexed

Strengthening

Stretching

Tensor Fascia Latae (Anterior View)

Iliopsoas Origins:

iliac fossa vertebral bodies of the last

thorasic and lumbar vertebrae

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

Actions: Flexion of the hip External rotation

Iliopsoas

Strong hip flexor muscle Raises legs off the floor

from the supine position. Pulls anteriorly on the lower

lumbar vertebrae May aggravate lower back

problems Abdominal muscles can

prevent lumbar strain Used during complete sit-

ups and straight leg sit-ups. Stretching this muscle

requires hyper-extension of the hip.

Pectineous

O: pubic crest or ramus I: below the linea aspera Actions

Flexion Adduction Internal rotation

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Pectineus

Adductor Brevis

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis Insertion: Pectineal line (linea

aspera) Actions:

Adduction External rotation

Adductor Longus

Below the adductor brevis O: front of the pubis just below

its crest I: middle third of the linea

aspera Actions:

Adduction Flexion

Adductor Magnus

Located posterior to the longus O: edge of the pubic crest and

ischial tuberosity I: linea aspera Actions:

Adduction External rotation

Gracilis

O: pubic crest I: medial condyle of tibia Actions:

Adduction at the hip Internal rotation [Flexion at the knee]

Adductor Muscles

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Not heavily used in ordinary movements Horse back riding, the breaststroke kick in swimming

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior-superior spine of the ilium

Insertion: Anterior medial condyle of the tibia (behind the medial condyle)

Action: Flexion of hip External rotation of the hip [Flexion of the knee]

Sartorius

Longest muscle in the body It is a two-joint muscle; hip flexion and knee

flexion It is weak when both actions take place at the

same time.

Rectus Femoris

Two joint muscle; most superficial

Origin: anterior-inferior iliac spine of the ilium

Insertion: top of the patella and patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity

Actions: Flexion of the hip

[Extension of the knee]

Rectus Femoris

A two-joint muscle: hip flexion and knee extension

Powerful knee extension when the hip is extended but weaker when the hip is flexed.

The gluteus maximus and the hamstring muscles will extend the hip making the rectus femoris stronger during knee extension

Hip Rotator Muscles

ANTERIOR Obturator Externus

Anterior

Hip Rotator Muscles

POSTERIOR Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus

Gemellus inferior Quadratus femoris

Posterior

Hip Rotator Muscles

Posterior Posterior

Hip Rotator Muscles

Posterior Anterior

Six Hip Rotator Muscles

Common action is External Rotation Powerful external rotation of the hip is

required to throw a baseball, swing a bat or golf club.

The sciatic nerve passes just inferior to the piriformis therefore a tight piriformis muscle my contribute to compression on the sciatic nerve.

Review

Name the action at her hip

Abduction

Name the action at his right hip

Flexion

Name the actions at her hip

Extension, Abduction & External Rotation

Name the two action at his right hip

Extension and External Rotation

Name the action at his hip

Flexion

Name the actions at his hip

Flexion and External Rotation and Abduction

Name the actions at his hip

Flexion and Adduction

The Femur

1 =

2 =

3 =

4 =

5 =

6 =

7 =

1.2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Head

Neck

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Linea Aspera

Medial condyle

Lateral condyle

Anterior

1 =

2 =

3 =

4 =

5 =

6 =

1.

2.

3.

6.5.

4.

iliac crest

anterior spine

greater trochanter

lesser trochanter

ischial tuberosity

pubis crest

Name the sections of the pelvis

1.

2.

3.

Ilium

Pubis

Ischium

Posterior

1 =

2 =

3 =

4 =

5 =

1.

2.

3.4.

5.

iliac crest

greater trochanter

ischial tuberosity

lesser trochanter

linea aspera

Actions: extension of the thigh at the hiplateral rotation of the thigh lower fibers (below the center of

motion) assist adductionupper fibers (above the center of

motion) assist in abduction

Gluteus Maximus

Name the muscle

Actions adduction of the thigh at

the hip aids in flexion

Adductor Brevis

Name the muscle

Actions abduction of the thigh medial rotation flexion

Gluteus Minimus

Name the muscle

Actions: adduction of the thigh assists in flexion of the thigh at

the hip

Adductor Longus

Name the muscle

Actions: abduction of the thigh anterior fibers: flexion

and medial rotation, posterior fibers:

extension and lateral rotation.

Gluetus Medius

Name the muscle

Actions: adduction at the hip medial rotation [flexion at the knee]

Gracilis

Name the muscle

Actions: flexion of the thigh at the

hip slight adduction flexion of the spine

IliopsoasName the muscle

Actions flexion of the hip adduction

Pectineus

Name the muscle

Actions: flexion of the thigh at the

hip medial rotation abduction of the thigh,

medial rotation (weak)

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Name the muscle

Actions: adduction of the thigh at the hip flexion (anterior fibers) extension (posterior fibers)

Adductor Magnus

Name the muscle

What is the most anterior hip rotator muscle? Obturator Externus

What is the common action of these muscles?

Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus

Gemellus inferior Quadratus femoris

External Rotation

Name the muscle

Deep muscle Action:

Extension of the hip Flexion of the knee Internal rotation of the hip

(and knee)

Semimembranosus

Name the muscle

Superficial muscle Action:

Extension of the hip Flexion of the knee Internal rotation of the hip

(and knee)

Semitendonosis

Name the muscle

Sartorius Action: Flexion of hip External rotation of the hip [Flexion of the knee]

Name the muscle

Actions: Flexion of the hip [Extension of the knee]

Rectus Femoris

Name the muscle

Action: Extension of hip Flexion of knee Lateral rotation of the hip (and knee)

Biceps Femoris

Name the muscle

Gluteus Medius

Name the muscles

Pectineus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus

Gracilis

Name the landmarks

Iliac crest

Anterior spine

Name the landmarks

1. Acetabulum

2. Sciatic notch

3. Ischial tuberosity

1

2

3

Name the muscles

1. Tensor fasciae latae

2. Sartorius

21

1. Name the muscle

2. Name the landmark

3. Name the structure

Gluteus Maximus

Iliac Crest

Iliotibial band