The High Middle The High Middle Ages: Growth of Ages: Growth of

EuropeEuropeSS.A.2.4.7; SS.B.1.4.1; SS.A.2.4.7; SS.B.1.4.1; SS.A.2.4.11; SS.B.1.4.4SS.A.2.4.11; SS.B.1.4.4

Vikings Become Vikings Become NormansNormans

England & The Norman England & The Norman InvasionInvasion

AD 400: Anglos and Saxons invade EnglandAD 400: Anglos and Saxons invade England 800s: King Alfred the Great unites Anglo-800s: King Alfred the Great unites Anglo-

Saxon kingdoms; Anglo-Saxons rule Saxon kingdoms; Anglo-Saxons rule EnglandEngland

October 14, 1066: Battle of HastingsOctober 14, 1066: Battle of Hastings William of Normandy William of Normandy leads mounted army of leads mounted army of

Normans against the foot-soldiers of King Normans against the foot-soldiers of King HaroldHarold

All knights get land for swearing loyalty to All knights get land for swearing loyalty to William, as sole ruler of EnglandWilliam, as sole ruler of England

Official language of the Kings court is French, Official language of the Kings court is French, eventually Anglo-Saxon and French cultures eventually Anglo-Saxon and French cultures mixmix

William conducts first census since RomansWilliam conducts first census since Romans

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

King Henry II of EnglandKing Henry II of England

1154-1189: Henry II expands monarchy’s power1154-1189: Henry II expands monarchy’s power Courts of Justice closed, replaced by King’s courtCourts of Justice closed, replaced by King’s court Local codes of law replaced by English Local codes of law replaced by English common lawcommon law

Catholic Church challenges kings power to put Catholic Church challenges kings power to put clergy on trial, when Henry tries to punish clergy on trial, when Henry tries to punish Archbishop Archbishop Thomas à Becket Thomas à Becket of Canterburyof Canterbury

Instead, Henry has the archbishop killed, but Instead, Henry has the archbishop killed, but when people get angry with him, he gives when people get angry with him, he gives church its waychurch its way

Henry II vs. ThomasHenry II vs. Thomas

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta Many rich noblemen did not like the Many rich noblemen did not like the

growing power of the king/monarchygrowing power of the king/monarchy 1200s: Noblemen rise up and rebel against 1200s: Noblemen rise up and rebel against

kingking King John forced to put seal on a document King John forced to put seal on a document

of rights called of rights called The Magna Carta The Magna Carta (Great (Great Charter)Charter) Limited the power of the monarchLimited the power of the monarch A feudal document recognizing the mutual A feudal document recognizing the mutual

obligations of lords and vassalsobligations of lords and vassals Magna Carta allows for England’s first Magna Carta allows for England’s first

Parliament to form under reign of Parliament to form under reign of Edward IEdward I

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

Europe, A.D. 1160Europe, A.D. 1160

France: Rise of the France: Rise of the CapetiansCapetians 843: Carolingian Empire divided, W. 843: Carolingian Empire divided, W.

Frankish kingdom becomes early French Frankish kingdom becomes early French kingdomkingdom

987: Last Carolingian king dies, replaced by 987: Last Carolingian king dies, replaced by Hugh Capet, starting Hugh Capet, starting Capetian DynastyCapetian Dynasty in in FranceFrance Early on Capetian kings had little power, Early on Capetian kings had little power,

controlling only the lands around controlling only the lands around ParisParis (a.k.a. (a.k.a. Ile-de-France)Ile-de-France)

1182-1223: 1182-1223: King Philip II AugustusKing Philip II Augustus defeat English armies and take control of defeat English armies and take control of territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine, expanding the power and wealth Aquitaine, expanding the power and wealth of the French crownof the French crown

King Philip II Augustus King Philip II Augustus of Franceof France

Philip’s ConquestsPhilip’s Conquests

FranceFrance 1223-1314: kings Louis IX and Philip IV 1223-1314: kings Louis IX and Philip IV

expand French power and wealth even expand French power and wealth even moremore

By 1300, France was the largest, most By 1300, France was the largest, most powerful European monarchical statepowerful European monarchical state

1302: Philip IV established France’s 1302: Philip IV established France’s first parliament by holding regular first parliament by holding regular meetings with the three meetings with the three estatesestates:: First Estate: the clergyFirst Estate: the clergy Second Estate: the nobilitySecond Estate: the nobility Third Estate: peasants and townspeopleThird Estate: peasants and townspeople

King Louis IX King Louis IX

The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire 900s: Saxon dukes became kings of Eastern 900s: Saxon dukes became kings of Eastern

Frankish Kingdom, renamed GermanyFrankish Kingdom, renamed Germany In return for protecting the pope, In return for protecting the pope, King Otto King Otto

I of GermanyI of Germany is crowned “Emperor of the is crowned “Emperor of the Romans” in 962 (first since Charlemagne)Romans” in 962 (first since Charlemagne)

As new “Roman” emperors, German kings As new “Roman” emperors, German kings attempted to rule both Germany and Italyattempted to rule both Germany and Italy

Kings wanted to make money off of ItalyKings wanted to make money off of Italy Italy must be at center of a “holy” or “Roman” Italy must be at center of a “holy” or “Roman”

realmrealm

Banner of the Holy Roman Banner of the Holy Roman EmpireEmpire

Holy Roman Struggles In Holy Roman Struggles In ItalyItaly

With Jerusalem under Arab control, Rome With Jerusalem under Arab control, Rome becomes center of Christianity to W. becomes center of Christianity to W. EuropeansEuropeans Frederick I considers his empire “holy” and thinks Frederick I considers his empire “holy” and thinks

Rome must be included to legitimize empireRome must be included to legitimize empire Italy is only part of Europe with good tradeItaly is only part of Europe with good trade Pope opposes Frederick’s campaign in ItalyPope opposes Frederick’s campaign in Italy Northern Italian cities, used to their freedom, Northern Italian cities, used to their freedom,

join the pope and defeat HRE in 1176join the pope and defeat HRE in 1176 Frederick II won many battles, also defeatedFrederick II won many battles, also defeated

Empire In DeclineEmpire In Decline While emperors fought in Italy, powerful lords While emperors fought in Italy, powerful lords

left behind to rule Germanyleft behind to rule Germany With defeat in Italy, many lords think emperor With defeat in Italy, many lords think emperor

weak, and create their own smaller kingdomsweak, and create their own smaller kingdoms German H.R. Emperors left with no real powerGerman H.R. Emperors left with no real power Germany and Italy never create powerful, Germany and Italy never create powerful,

centralized monarchy; unlike England & centralized monarchy; unlike England & FranceFrance

Italy & Germany consist of small, independent Italy & Germany consist of small, independent states until 1800sstates until 1800s

Central & Eastern Central & Eastern EuropeEurope

Slavic people started as single group in Slavic people started as single group in C.E.C.E. Split into western, eastern, and southern Split into western, eastern, and southern SlavsSlavs

Western Slavs establish Polish and Western Slavs establish Polish and Bohemian (Czech) kingdoms, converted to Bohemian (Czech) kingdoms, converted to Western Christianity by German monks in Western Christianity by German monks in tenth centurytenth century Hungary also converted by GermansHungary also converted by Germans

Eastern and southern Slavs convert to Eastern and southern Slavs convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity by Byzantine Eastern Orthodox Christianity by Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius missionaries Cyril and Methodius Croats, southern Slavs, accept the Roman Croats, southern Slavs, accept the Roman

churchchurch

RussiaRussia Slavs also settle in area of modern Ukraine Slavs also settle in area of modern Ukraine

and Russiaand Russia Late 700s: Swedish Vikings come, dominateLate 700s: Swedish Vikings come, dominate Locals call their new rulers Locals call their new rulers RusRus Viking leader Oleg, settles in city of Viking leader Oleg, settles in city of KievKiev

Establishes Principality of Kiev, a Rus stateEstablishes Principality of Kiev, a Rus state Eventually, Kiev rules over lands b/w Baltic Eventually, Kiev rules over lands b/w Baltic

and Black seas, and the Danube and Volga and Black seas, and the Danube and Volga riversrivers

Vikings eventually assimilate into Slavic Vikings eventually assimilate into Slavic cultureculture

Rus convert to Orthodox ChristianityRus convert to Orthodox Christianity

End of the Russian StateEnd of the Russian State

1200s: Mongols conquer Russia, requiring 1200s: Mongols conquer Russia, requiring Rus princes to pay them tributeRus princes to pay them tribute

One prince, One prince, Alexander NevskyAlexander Nevsky, emerges , emerges as most powerfulas most powerful

1242: Nevsky defeats invading German 1242: Nevsky defeats invading German armyarmy

The Khan, mongol leader, rewards Nevsky The Khan, mongol leader, rewards Nevsky with title of “grand-prince”with title of “grand-prince”

Nevsky’s descendants eventually come to Nevsky’s descendants eventually come to rule rule