THE HEROES OF THE TROJAN WAR

Part Four

Edith Hamilton

THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS

Evil goddess of Discord, Eris, not popular with the gods.

At the marriage of King Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis, she threw a golden apple into

the banquet hall, marked For The Fairest.

The choice of who would get the apple was narrowed down to Aphrodite, Hera, and

Athena

Zeus was asked to choose, wisely he refused to.

Zeus told the goddesses to go to the Prince of Troy, Paris to decide.

Priam, Paris’ father, was told Paris would be the downfall of his kingdom, so he placed

Paris on a hilltop as a shepherd boy to keep him out of trouble.

He chose Aphrodite, who promised him the fairest woman in the world would be his.

THE TROJAN WAR

Helen- daughter of Zeus and Leda

Tyndareus, her mother’s husband, chose Menelaus as her

husband, and made him King of Sparta too.

Aphrodite led Paris to Helen.

When Menelaus left to go to Crete, Helen and Paris had an affair

and ran away back to Troy together.

THE TROJAN WAR

Menelaus called upon all of Greece to go and get Helen back.

Odysseus- King of the island of Ithaca, pretended to be mad so

he would not have to go tot war, but was foiled by the messenger

and was sent to war.

Achilles- kept back by his mother, dressed in woman’s clothes to

disguise himself, was found by Odysseus.

The Greek army all met up at Aulis ( place of dangerous and

treacherous winds and currents).

In order for Artemis to calm the winds, the commander and

chief of the army, Agamemnon, would have to sacrifice his

daughter.

T H E T R O J A N WA R A R R I VA L AT T R O Y

First man ashore was Protesilaus.

Oracle had said the first man to reach shore in Troy would die.

Protesilaus died and was honored by the army for his brave

deed.

Hector- eldest son of Priam and Paris’ older brother.

Knew he would escape the war with his life, just like Achilles.

Agamemnon and Achilles started to feud against each other, of course over a woman.

Agamemnon had held captive the daughter of Apollo’s priest, Chryseis.

When her father came to beg for her release, Agamemnon refused.

Apollo heard and answered the priests’ prayers and sent sickness and death down on the

Greek army.

When Chryseis had left, Agamemnon sent two of his soldiers to Achilles’ tent to take away his

maiden, Briseis.

Achilles swore Agamemnon would pay for his wrongdoings.

Achilles’ mother, Thetis, went to Zeus begging him to end the

war.

He was reluctant, but Hera was so annoying that he had a child

with Thetis.

Zeus was going to end the war in the favor of the Trojans, so

when he was rude to Hera she devised a plan to help the Greeks

win.

Achilles was left behind in his tent, and the Greeks attacked the

great wall.

The armies fought and finally divided up and standing the middle

was Paris and Menelaus.

When Paris got in trouble, Aphrodite swept him up and he vanished.

Athena now interfered and persuaded a Trojan soldier to shoot an

arrow at Menelaus and wounded him.

Diomedes was the hero now since Achilles was left behind.

Diomedes led the Greek army against the Trojans, and with the

courage from Hera and the help from Athena, was able to throw a

spear into the body of Ares, making the battle fair again.

Zeus stood by the Trojans and gave them strength to make the

Greeks retreat to their beach

Agamemnon sent gifts to Achilles apologizing but it was no use.

Hera saw the troubled Greeks and Zeus sitting up on Mount Ida

in Troy and decided to enchant Zeus and distract him from helping

the Trojans long enough for the Greeks to get back into this war.

Sent Iris to tell Poseidon to retreat from battle and once again

the war was against the Greeks.

Patroclus, one of Achilles’ beloved friends, put on his armor and

went to war pretending to be Achilles.

Hector ended up killing him and put on Achilles’ armor.

A soldier came back and told Achilles what had happened and

went to battle with Athena at his side.

Being tricked by Athena, Hector finally found his doom.

Achilles tied his body to his chariot and drug the body back to

camp.

Zeus became angry and told Priam to go get his son’s body.

He brought Hector’s body back to Troy and gave him a proper

funeral pyre.

G O D S W H O S I D E D W I T H T H E G R E E K S :

Hephaestus

Athena

Hera

Poseidon

G O D S W H O S I D E D W I T H T H E T R O JA N S :

Aphrodite

Apollo

Ares

Artemis

Hermes

THE ADVENTURES OF ODYSSEUS

WHO IS ODYSSEUS

Odysseus King of Ithaca

Husband to Penelope

Father of Telemachus

Son of Laertes and Anticlea

Known for his swift resourcefulness in the face of adversity

Odysseus is one of the first Greek mythic heroes renowned for

his brain as well as his muscle

Weakness was lustfulness

Odysseus enjoys women

Most famous the 10 eventful years he took to return home after

the Trojan-War

Received constant help from the Gods

Athena disguised him, Zeus freed him, Hermes gave him the

herb to resist magic.

Also battled against Poseidon, Odysseus blinded Poseidon's son.

THE FALL OF TROY

THE BEGINNING

Achilles kills Memnon and this makes the Trojans fall back

Paris then kills Achilles

Apollo helps

THE ADVENTURES OF AENEAS

THE BEGINNING

Achilles kills Memnon and this makes the Trojans fall back

Paris then kills Achilles

Apollo helps

THE DEATH OF ACHILLES

Thetis and the River of Styx

THE REASON

THE ARMOUR

Achilles armor

Should be given to Odysseus or Ajax

Odysseus was chosen

Ajax kills himself

THE CAPTURE

Trojan Prophet Helenus

States that Troy can only be beaten by the bow and arrows of

Hercules

THE PLAN

The sacred image of Athena

Odysseus creates a plan

Sinon stays behind and talks to the Trojans as if he was a traitor

THE ATTACK

The hollow horse

At night the Greeks show themselves

Hectors son is killed

FROM TROY TO ITALY

Aeneas was the son of Venus and Archises

Fought for the Trojans

Bested only by Hector

Escaped from Troy with his mother’s help after the Greeks

captured it

Many Trojan troops escaped with him in search of new home

FROM TROY TO ITALY

Aeneas had a dream telling him his destiny was for he and his

men to settle in Italy (Hesperia)

They left from the island of Crete

First faced and defeated the Harpies

Then they met Andromache, Hector’s wife, and her husband,

Helenus, the Trojan prophet

FROM TROY TO ITALY

Helenus told Aeneas to land on the west coast of Italy to avoid

the Greeks and the beasts known as Scylla and Charybdis

They left and sailed southwest towards Sicily and ran into many

cyclopes’, including Polyphemus

Were able to escape thanks to the help of one of Odysseus’ men

that was stranded in Sicily

FROM TROY TO ITALY

Struck by horrific storm summoned by Juno to stop Aeneas from

settling Rome

Neptune helped Aeneas because Juno upset him by going

behind his back and creating such a storm

Aeneas landed in Carthage, a city founded by a woman named

Dido

TROY TO ITALY

Venus sent Cupid to make Dido fall in love with Aeneas to help

him in whatever way he needed

Jupiter was displeased with Aeneas’ time spent in Carthage so

Mercury was sent to tell him to continue on with his journey

Dido killed herself in response to Aeneas’ departure

T H E D E S C E N T I N T O T H E L O W E R W O R L D

Aeneas found the cave of Sibyl of Cumae after Helenus told him

to do so

Sibyl of Cumae was a woman of deep wisdom that could foresee

the future

She said she would guide him through the underworld and take

him to his father for advice

First he had to find a golden bough so he could enter Hades

T H E D E S C E N T I N T O T H E L O W E R W O R L D

Charon the ferryman let them enter the underworld after

Aeneas presented the golden bough

Passed the Fields of Mourning where Aeneas saw Dido who did

not look or answer him

Sibyl and Aeneas arrived at Elysian Fields where they found his

father, Archises

T H E D E S C E N T I N T O T H E L O W E R W O R L D

Archises led Aeneas to Lethe, the river of forgetfulness, where

he showed Aeneas the future Romans and told him how to

establish his home in Italy

Sibyl and Aeneas returned to earth and the Trojans set sail for

the coast of Italy

THE WAR IN ITALY

The Latin’s and Rutulians were the most powerful people in

Hesperia

Aeneas was set to marry Lavinia, the daughter of the Latium

King, but Juno stepped in to stop the marriage

Juno summoned Alecto, one of the Furies from Hades to cause

chaos for Aeneas

Alecto caused Lavinia’s mother to oppose the marriage

THE WAR IN ITALY

Then Alecto told the King of the Rutulians that Lavinia was soon

to be married, knowing this would upset him because he planned

to marry her

Alecto’s third plan was tricking Aeneas’ son, Ascanius, into killing

a stag that was highly regarded by all the Latin people

The Latins and Rutulians joined forces to fight Aeneas and the

other Trojans

THE WAR IN ITALY

The Trojan camp was being heavily attacked while Aeneas was

away gaining forces

If it had not been for Nisus and Euryalus, the Trojans would have

died and Aeneas would never have gained power

Nisus and Euryalus left during the night and silently killed more

than half of the Latin and Rutulian warriors

THE WAR IN ITALY

Nisus and Euryalus were able to fend off the invading soldiers

long enough for Aeneas and his men to return, but not before the

two men died

The reinforcements proved to be too much for the Latin's and

Rutulian’s and Aeneas defeated Turnus, the King of Rutulium, to

become ruler

Aeneas married Lavinia and founded the Roman race