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THE HERCULES-2 PROJECT OF R&D ON LARGE ENGINES FOR SHIPS
Nikolaos P. Kyrtatos, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
HERCULES is developing new technologies for marine engines:
• Increase engine reliability
• Reduce emissionsgaseousparticulate
• Increase engine efficiencyReduce fuel consumptionReduce CO2 emissionsReduce lifecycle cost
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The HERCULES Programme Timeline
The HERCULES Programme evolution
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o HERCULES AHigh-Efficiency Engine R&D on Combustion with Ultra Low Emissions for Ships
o HERCULES-BHigher-efficiency Engine with Ultra-low Emissions for Ships
o HERCULES-CHigher-efficiency, Reduced Emissions, Increased Reliability and Lifetime, Engines for Ships
o HERCULES-2Fuel flexible, near-zero emissions,adaptive performance marine engine
Metrics of HERCULES
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22
15
12
HERCULES-A HERCULES-B HERCULES-C
Prototypes
2
6
10
HERCULES-A HERCULES-B HERCULES-C
Products
24
7 7
HERCULES-A HERCULES-B HERCULES-C
Patents
23
38
30
HERCULES-AHERCULES-B HERCULES-C
Publications
Links among HERCULES Projects
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Combustion
Aftertreatment
Materials
Control
WPG I:Fuel flexible engine
WPG IV:Near-zero
Emissions Engine
WPG II:New Materials
WPG III:Adaptive Powerplant for
Lifetime Performance
Extreme Engine Extreme
Engine
Combustion
modelling Combustion
modelling and
experimentationCombustion
visualization
Hot Engine
Multistage
turbocharging
Emission Reduction:
WIF, HAM, EGR, CGR
After-Treatment
Systems, Sensors
Tribology
Engine Control
systems
Combined
Cycle
Intelligent
Turbocharging
Extreme EGR,
SCR, Scrubber
Tribology -
Optimization
Advanced sensing
and engine control
Advanced
Injection, Spray
and Combustion
experiments and
models
Integrated
emission
technologies
Materials and
tribology
Adaptive engine
control
WPG I: Fuel flexible engine
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Flame rendering from CFD, as it would appear from the three cameras
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of evaporating fuels: Diesel, dimenthyl ether (dme) and propane
CFD of dual-fuel combustion in two-stroke marine engine
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Fuel injector
Camera 1
Camera 2 Camera 3
WPG I: Fuel flexible engine
Triple-camera high-speed imaging on two-stroke dual-fuel engine reconstructed 3D flame kernel
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Multi-camera mapping of 3D flame shape in two-stroke dual-fuel engine
WPG I: Fuel flexible engine
WPG II: New Materials (Applications in engines)
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Test set-up for thermomechanical fatigue
TMF test rig and specimen
New materials investigation for cylinder head and turbine casing
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WPG II: New Materials (Applications in engines)
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WPG II: New Materials (Applications in engines)
WPG IV: Near-Zero Emissions Engine
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Mini SCR system for urea mixing/evaporator study
Hot gas test rig for urea decomposition investigations
Simulated spray behaviour at different operating conditions
Exhaust aftertreatment (EAT) system, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) & SCR coated Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), installed in full scale.
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WPG IV: Near-Zero Emissions Engine
Engine Integrated SCR Installation on a 2 stroke 4 cylinder diesel engine.
Exhaust gas flow inside the integrated SCR
Engine integrated High Pressure SCR system
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WPG IV: Near-Zero Emissions Engine
Inspection of field test catalyst device in exhaust manifoldInstallation of field test catalyst device in exhaust manifold
(%)
HERCULES-A HERCULES-B HERCULES-C HERCULES-2
2004 2008 2012 2015 2018
% of individual project budget
56 61
37
18
33 3039
49
11 9 24
33
Total 102 M€
43%38%19%
Percentage allocation of budget into 3 main areas of R&D in the 4 HERCULES Projects (189 subprojects)
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TECHNOLOGY AREA
TECH ITEMSCOMBUSTION
TURBOCHARGING
EMISSIONS ATU
MATERIALSFRICTION
MONITOR CONTROL
OPTIMIZATION
Multi-Turbo/ VVT
PTI/PTO
Increased Pmax. Cyl.
Cylinder auto-tuning
Water-in-Fuel
SCR
Tribology
WHR- Hot Engine
EGR
Cylinder cut-out
Dual Fuel /Multi Fuel
Tribology
Extreme value
engines
Optimum performance
over lifetime
Intelligent
engines
Hybrid
powertrains
Exhaust
aftertreatment
Fuel -flexible
engines
Near future in ship propulsion engines
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o The longevity of alliances is often used as proxy of their performance.
o The HERCULES alliance of 14 years has been demonstrably successful.
o Many results of R&D already matured into products.
Final Comments
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HERCULES Program 1.5min. video
HERCULES Program Partners
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