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The Hebrews and Judaism. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3. Key Terms. Judaism Torah Abraham Covenant Patriarch Moses Exodus Diaspora Monotheism . The Early Hebrews. Nomadic pastoralists 2000-1500BC in Fertile Crescent Judaism- laws and requirements of their religion - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 2SECTION 3
The Hebrews and Judaism
Key Terms
JudaismTorahAbrahamCovenantPatriarchMoses ExodusDiasporaMonotheism
The Early Hebrews
Nomadic pastoralists2000-1500BC in
Fertile CrescentJudaism- laws and
requirements of their religion
Later formed the Hebrew and Christian Bible
The Early Hebrews
The Hebrew FathersTorah
The five books of early Hebrew history
Abraham- shepherd in Ur God told Abraham to
leave MesopotamiaCovenant-promised to
lead Abraham to a new land
The Early Hebrews
Canaan- was the promised land
Abraham Jacob was his
grandson Had 12 sons Ancestors of the 12
tribes Jacob called Israel Became the Israelites
The Early Hebrews
Patriarch- ancestral father
Israelites and modern Jews Consider Abraham His son Isaac Isaac's son Jacob
Israelites left Canaan for Egypt lived well Later became slaves
Moses and the Exodus
Bitter toil as slavesMoses
Born of an Israelite Raised in Pharaoh's
palace God spoke to him Went to Pharaoh for
release Pharaoh refused
Moses and the Exodus
Series of plagues hit Egypt
Exodus-Moses lead Israelites out of Egypt Proved God loved them Passover- special meal
in the spring Wandered desert for
years
Moses and the Exodus
Sinai Mountain God gave Moses the
ten commandments States only God exists Importance of self
control Israelis made a new
covenant Major influence on
Western civilization
The Promised Land
Israelites wandered the desert for 40 years
Land of milk and honey
Israelites battled to win back Canaan
Now called Israel
Kingdom of Israel
Settled in scattered communities
Organized by the 12 tribes
Deborah most effective judges said the Bible
Prophets carried the message of faith
Saul, David, Solomon
1000BC Philistines attacked
Saul- first king, good fighter
David Second king People loved him Strong king Israel grew Jerusalem became the
capitol
Saul, David, Solomon
Solomon Israel reached its
height Praised for his wisdom Traded with other
powers Became very rich Built a magnificent
temple
Division and Conquest
After Solomon’s death Ten tribes formed Israel Two tribes formed Judah Israel fell to the
Assyrians Judah to the Chaldeans Destroyed the temple
Brought thousands of Jews to Babylon
Diaspora-the scattering of the Jews outside Judah
Teachings of Judaism
Belief in One God Monotheistic Most ancient world
was not World’s first
monotheistic religion
Justice and Righteousness
Treating people with kindness
Doing what is rightEmphasis on
righteousnessStrong code of ethicsThis tradition later
carried to ChristianityJudeo-Christian Ethic
Obedience to Law
Most important laws Ten commandments
Mosaic Law Guides many areas of
Jewish life How and when to
worship Limits the food eaten How foods are prepared Today food prepared
this way is called kosher
Jewish Sacred Texts
Most sacred is the Torah First part of Hebrew
Bible Early prophets Writing that contain
lessonsTalmud
Written over the centuries
Explains and interprets other texts
Helps Jews stay united