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The Harderian Gland Revealed: Regeneration and Recovery of Chemosensory Function. Andy Fraser Dr. Robert Mason & Chris Friesen Department of Zoology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR. Salamanders, for example, are able to regenerate limbs, tail, eyes, jaws, and heart. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Harderian Gland Revealed: Regeneration and Recovery of Chemosensory Function
Andy Fraser Dr. Robert Mason & Chris Friesen
Department of Zoology Oregon State University
Corvallis, ORQuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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• Salamanders, for example, are able to
regenerate limbs, tail, eyes, jaws, and heart.
• We are largely unable to regenerate crucial
organs and tissues.
• Cures for debilitating diseases and injuries.
• We know surprisingly little about how
regeneration works.
• It is crucial that we study new vertebrate
models.
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Summer feeding (~3 months)
Winter Dormancy (~ 8 months)
Mating (~ 4 weeks)
• Detection of chemical cues– Olfaction
• Volatile
– Vomerolfaction• Nonvolatile
– Harderian Gland (HG)• Solubizing agents • Binding proteins
Chemoreception
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• Hypothesis:– The Harderian gland in
the red sided garter snake is able to regenerate and regain its function over time.
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POIOLD
x
x
x
Unilateral HDX
Bilateral HDX
Sham
YY
Y
N=28
N=28
N=28
Experimental Design
x
xx
Unilateral HDX
Bilateral HDX
Sham4 wks
N = 21
8 wks
N = 21
12 wks
N = 21
16 wks
N = 21
xx
x7
7
7
xxx
7
7
7
x
xx
7
7
7
x
xx
7
7
7
Experimental Design
Behavior Trials: Y-Maze
• Used to observe deficits in trailing behavior caused by removal of HG.
– In this case we know that garter snakes will trail worms.
Used coin flip to randomize which arm got
trail.
Y-Maze
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
t1 t2 t3 t4
Time Period
Proportion
ShamUniBi
N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=7 N=5
Interpretation of Results
• Two Hypotheses
– 1. The HG regenerated more quickly than
expected
– 2. The IO portion of the HG hypertrophied or is
sufficient.
• Dr. Robert Mason
• Chris Friesen and Rocky Parker
• Dr. Kevin Ahern
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Acknowledgments
