The Great War

The Great War Begins

M.A.I.N. CausesMilitarismBuilding of large armies, stockpiling weapons, glorification of militaryEx: Anglo-German naval arms raceCreates sense of confidence in power, desire to use military

M.A.I.N. CausesAlliance SystemSystem of agreements for defenseSmall conflicts become big ones, pull other countries in

M.A.I.N. CausesAlliance SystemSystem of agreements for defenseSmall conflicts become big ones, pull other countries in

Bismarcks Alliances (Germany)Allies with Austria-Hungary, Italy creating the Triple Alliance Alliance with Russiaisolates France, avoids 2 front warKaiser Wilhelm II fires Bismarck, doesnt renew alliance with RussiaRussia allies with France, Britain promises not to fight them creating the Triple Entente

M.A.I.N. CausesImperialismRace for empire creates competition between European countriesIndustrialization creates competitionGerman surpasses British industry

M.A.I.N. CausesNationalismDevotion to ones country or peopleCan unify nations or break apart empiresThe Balkans Powder Keg

M.A.I.N. CausesNationalismDevotion to ones country or peopleCan unify nations or break apart empires

B. The Balkans Powder Keg1. Austria-Hungary controls land lost by Ottoman Empire 2. Slavic peoples in those places resent Austrian rule, desire Slavic nation Pan-Slavisma. Based in Serbia, Promoted by Russia

Immediate CauseThe Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand 6/28/1914 in SarajevoShot by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian (Slavic) nationalistA Member of The Black Hand, Slavic nationalist group desiring independence

Road to WarFranz Ferdinand AssassinatedAustria-Hungary demands to enter Serbia to investigateSerbia Refuses with promised support from RussiaGermany gives A-H a Blank CheckAustria declares war on Serbia 7/28/14Russia mobilizes troopsGermany declares war on Russia, then France

Schlieffen PlanGermany asks to pass through Belgium to attack France, Belgium refusesGermany goes anyway, drawing Britain into warGermany slows, fights on two frontsItaly switches sides

The Great War Continues41

The Western Front42Western FrontBattle of the Marne- halts German advanceDooms Germany to 2 front warStalemateNeither side able to gain advantage due to trench warfare43Western FrontHigh Casualties- A war of attritionEx: Verdun: 600,000 casualties (French)Ex: Somme: 20,000 British dead on first dayLittle MovementVerdun gains 4 mi.Somme gains 5 mi. 44Eastern FrontMore Mobile warRussia Weakens due to high casualtiesNot industrialized shortages of war materialsGerman U-Boats prevent aid from alliesTies up GermanyAustrians defeat the Italians

45

46Rest of the WorldFighting in Africa & AsiaJapan takes Germanys possessionsFighting between colonies in AfricaMiddle EastBritish T.E. Lawrence helps Arabs fight OttomansArmenian genocide by the TurksAustralians try to take GallipoliTo resupply the RussiansDefeated

47

48

The Great War Continues49Total WarThe use of nearly all civilian and military resources for the war effortWar economiesWomen take mens place in factoriesGovernments control factories and rails for war effortIndustrialists make millionsRationingGovernment limits on consumption Daylight Saving TimePropagandaGov. advertising to persuade population50

51US Joins the War 1917Unrestricted Sub Warfare 1915 & 1917U-Boats sink ships with Americans

52

53US Joins the War 1917Unrestricted Sub Warfare 1915 & 1917U-Boats sink ships with Americans (The Lusitania)Zimmerman Telegram 1917German backup plan threatens USFinancial incentives 1914-1917US loaned money to AlliesRussian Revolution 1917Now monarchies Vs. democracies54Russia Exits the War 1917Civil Unrest leads to new governmentDemocracyVows to keep fightingRevolution later that yearLed by Vladimir Lenin, makes Russia CommunistSigns Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, Russia out of war Allows Germany to concentrate on West55The EndGerman advance stops at the MarneAllies counter attackHelped by fresh American troopsKaiser Abdicates due to mutinyArmisticeCeasefire11AM on November 11th

Results8.5 million military dead21 million wounded$338 Billion