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THE G
REAT
INDUSTR
IALIS
TS A
ND THE
RISE O
F UNIO
NS
MA
T CH
I NG
AC
TI V
I TY
AN
SW
ER
S
This businessman was the founder of a monopolistic company that controlled the iron mines, “Bessemer” furnaces, railroads, and shipping routes for all the steel in America by the early 1890s. His workers were subjected to dangerous conditions, and paid very low wages. In 1892, they went on strike!
ANDREW CARNEGIE – THE MAN OF STEEL
This entrepreneur was the founder of the Standard Oil Trust, the company which controlled approximately 90% of the oil industry by the year 1900. His company forced rivals to join their “trust,” - an agreement to end competition and raise prices – which hurt the American consumer!
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
This man gained great power, enormous wealth, and fame by consolidating all of the railroads in New York. Although he had accumulated great wealth in the railroad industry of New York, his most lasting legacy is an outstanding university in Tennessee, named in his honor – because he donated the money to found the school! His nickname, “Commodore” serves as the school’s nickname as well today!
CORNELIUS VANDERBILT
He founded a luxury railroad car company – building dining cars, first class passenger cars, sleeper cars, and refrigerated boxcars to transport produce or other perishable goods. After the “Panic of 1893,” – an economic recession – he slashed the wages of his employees. Yet, he refused to lower the rents of his workers (he was also their landlord), or the price of the food sold at his company stores. His employees organizing a strike that crippled the US Economy during 1894.
GEORGE PULLMAN
LELA
ND STA
NFORD
He w
as th
e Pre
siden
t of t
he Cen
tral
Pac
ific
Railro
ad li
ne,
and th
e m
an w
ho dro
ve in
the
final s
pike
when
the
tran
scon
tinen
tal r
ailro
ad in
May
of 1
869.
SAMUEL
GOM
PERS
He w
as th
e fo
under o
f the
Amer
ican
Feder
atio
n of L
abor
, and h
is g
oals
wer
e
higher
pay
for w
orke
rs, s
afer
con
dition
s,
mor
e le
isure
tim
e, a
nd the
right t
o
colle
ctiv
e bar
gainin
g.
EUGEN
E V.
DEB
S
He w
as th
e le
ader
of t
he Am
eric
an
Railro
ad W
orke
rs U
nion –
who
suppor
ted a
strik
e ag
ainst
the
Pullman
com
pany
in th
e
1890s an
d was
jaile
d in th
e ea
rly 1
900s fo
r
his o
ppositi
on to
WW
I.
HENRY F
ORD
He w
as th
e in
vento
r of t
he M
odel
-T F
ord,
and th
e firs
t auto
pro
ducer t
o use
the
asse
mbly
line
to m
ake
auto
mob
iles.
ALEXANDER
GRAHAM
BELL
He in
vente
d the
tele
phone
and fo
unded
the
Amer
ican
Tel
ephon
e & T
eleg
raph C
o.
(AT&
T)
ORVILLE
AND W
ILBUR
WRIG
HT
He an
d his
bro
ther
wer
e th
e firs
t in fl
ight:
Kitty
Hawk,
NC –
Decem
ber 1
7, 1903.
CORNELIU
S VANDER
BILT
He w
as th
e m
an w
ho co
nsolid
ated
the
railr
oads
in N
ew Y
ork
during th
e 1800s,
and h
e fo
unded a
univ
ersi
ty in
Ten
nesse
e
whic
h stil
l bea
rs h
is n
ame.
JOHN D
. ROCKEF
ELLE
R
He was
the
founder
of t
he Sta
ndard O
il Tr
ust, a
com
pany
whic
h ran a
lmos
t all
other
oil
refiner
ies
out o
f busi
ness
in th
e ea
rly 1
900s
– until
it w
as b
roke
n up b
y th
e
Sherm
an A
nti-Tr
ust a
ct a
nd the
actio
ns of
Theo
dore
Roose
velt.
ANDREW C
ARNEGIE
He was
the
founder
of a
ste
el c
ompan
y w
hich
domin
ated
the
indust
ry –
it was
pra
ctic
ally
a
mon
opol
y. H
is w
orke
rs re
ceiv
ed li
ttle
pay
, how
ever
,
and u
prisin
gs at
his
ste
el p
lan ru
ined
his
reputa
tion.
TEREN
CE V.
POW
DERLY
He w
as th
e le
ader
of A
mer
ica’
s firs
t
labor
unio
n, the
Knights
of L
abor
.
MARY H
ARRIS
“MOTH
ER”
JONES
She w
as a
fem
ale
labor
unio
n org
aniz
er w
ho
focu
sed o
n hel
ping w
omen
in th
e gar
men
t
wor
kers
unio
ns an
d you
ng child
ren w
ho
wer
e fo
rced
to w
ork
in th
e te
xtile
mill
s.
THOM
AS ALV
A EDIS
ON
He w
as th
e in
vento
r of t
he lig
ht bulb
,
the
phonog
raph, t
he bat
tery
cel
l, an
d
the
mot
ion p
ictu
re m
achin
e, ju
st to
name
a fe
w. He
held th
ousa
nds of
paten
ts, a
nd est
ablis
hed h
undreds
of
com
panie
s!
