The Great Depression and World War II SS8H8 – The student will analyze the important events that...
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The Great Depression and World War II SS8H8 – The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia. a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia b. Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great Depression c. Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security
The Great Depression and World War II SS8H8 – The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia
The Great Depression and World War II SS8H8 The student will
analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and
their impact on Georgia. a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil
and drought on Georgia b. Explain economic factors that resulted in
the Great Depression c. Discuss the impact of the political career
of Eugene Talmadge d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms
of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural
Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security
Slide 3
The Boll Weevil A small, grayish, long-snouted beetle Destroyed
the primary source of income for many GA farmers Cotton Feeds on
the white, fluffy cotton Came from Mexico, moved through Texas and
into the southern states in the 1890s The boll weevil and the drop
in cotton prices weakened the Souths economy
Slide 4
Slide 5
Drought in Georgia 1924 major drought in Georgia Slowed down
the boll weevil, but destroyed other crops Farms failed, and banks
that had loaned the farmers money took huge loses Hurt many farm
workers; they left Georgia b/c of drought and the boll weevil the
Great Migration the movement of southern blacks to the North;
lasted from end of WWI through the 1960s
Slide 6
The Great Depression Causes of the Great Depression People of
the U.S. had borrowed more money than they could repay Factories
had produced more goods than they could sell Farmers also
overproduced, causing prices to decline High tariffs Speculation in
the stock market
Slide 7
The Great Depression Causes of the Great Depression
Laissez-faire attitude the doctrine that the government should not
interfere in the private sector of the economy helped cause the
depression because people, including the president, did not do
anything to help the economy, thinking it would work itself
out
Slide 8
The Great Depression Results of the stock market crash in 1929
banks lost a lot of money people were forced out of homes
Hoovervilles schools closed savings accounts were emptied
Slide 9
Slide 10
Eugene Talmadge Governor of Georgia from 1933-1936 and
1940-1942; three terms as governor Conservative white supremacist
who did not like federal government intervention Spoke out against
the New Deal, blacks and metropolitan areas; most of his voters
were from the rural areas of the state He supported the reduction
of property taxes, utility rates, and license fees
Slide 11
Eugene Talmadge Did not support textile unions A Talmadge
supporter told the governor that a dean at UGA and a dean at GA
Southern planned to integrate the school Talmadge fired the two
individuals His actions offended many, thus the SACS voted to take
away the accreditation of white Georgia colleges
Slide 12
Eugene Talmadge
Slide 13
The New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelts set of laws that were
created to bring about economic recovery, relieve the suffering of
the unemployed, reform defects in the economy, and improve society
New Deal Programs Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural
Adjustment Act, Rural Electrification, Social Security
Slide 14
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) A program that provided jobs
for young single men building forest trails and roads, planting
trees, and building parks Built many facilities at Roosevelt State
Park in Pine Mountain Flood control and drainage projects Tybee
Islands seawall Built municipal facilities Augustas Savannah River
Lease and Macons airport
Slide 15
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) It paid farmers NOT to plant
on part of their land this helped raise farm prices by limiting
production
Slide 16
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) The plan worked; farm income
improved The one drawback farm subsidies (grants of $ from the
government) went to landowners rather than to the tenant farmers,
who were usually black
Slide 17
Rural Electrification Authority (REA) Power companies mainly
ran lines to towns and cities Because the rural population was
spread out, power lines were more expensive to build and maintain
Best impact of New Deal on GA caused many rural regions to receive
electricity for the first time Impact on farmers loaned $ to
farmers cooperatives to help them extend their own power lines and
buy power wholesale
Slide 18
Social Security It provided retirement and unemployment
insurance from taxes paid by both workers and their employers
However, farm workers were not covered by the new program Gives
some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family
against the loss of a job and against poverty- ridden old age
Slide 19
SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on
Georgias development economically, socially, and politically
A.Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement
in World War II, include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor
B.Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the
Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson
C.Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians D.Discuss
President Roosevelts ties to GA including his visits to Warm
Springs and his impact on the state
Slide 20
Poland is invaded by Germany Appeasement the policy of giving
an aggressor what it wants in order to avoid war Great Britain and
France declare war on Germany Before troops could get there,
Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland
Slide 21
Neutral United States President Roosevelt watched as Japan,
Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany carved up the world.
Isolationism the idea of not taking part in the affairs of other
nations The U.S. allowed the Allied Powers to buys arms if they
paid cash and carried them in their own ships When the British ran
out of cash to buy the arms, Congress passed the Lend-Lease
Act
Slide 22
World War II countries Axis powers Germany, Italy, Japan,
Allied powers Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union*
Soviet Union at first, Germany and the Soviet Union were conquering
land; they were considered allies, but Germany turned on the Soviet
Union
Slide 23
The European Theater
Slide 24
France surrenders June, 1940
Slide 25
Leaders of the Nations Germany Adolf Hitler Japan Emperor
Hirohito Italy Benito Mussolini Soviet Union Joseph Stalin
Slide 26
The Leaders
Slide 27
Pearl Harbor To protest Japanese expansion, the United States
stopped exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation
gasoline to Japan After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941,
Roosevelt seized all Japanese property in the U.S. Thus, Japan
attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, a Sunday
morning
Slide 28
Pearl Harbor
Slide 29
Referred to as the day that will live in infamy The Navys
Pacific fleet was destroyed All eight battleships were destroyed or
severely damaged 2,000 people were killed; 1,000 were injured
December 8, 1941, the U.S. declares war on Japan because of Pearl
Harbor
Slide 30
Pearl Harbor U.S.S. Arizona
Slide 31
The Bell Aircraft After Pearl Harbor, the government decided to
build additional aircraft plants to make the B-29 bomber Bell
Aircraft Company of Buffalo, NY built a new plant in Marietta, GA
In 1943, the plant employed 1200 people; by 1945, it employed
27,000 employees The Marietta plant was the largest aircraft
assembly plant in the world
Slide 32
The Bell Aircraft It closed after WWII; had built 668 planes
Opened back up in 1950 by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation Still
located in Marietta
Slide 33
WWII Military Bases in GA Major military bases Fort Benning
(Columbus), Camp Gordon (Augusta), Fort Stewart and Hunter Air
Field (Savannah), Warner Robbins Air Field (Macon) Fort Benning
largest infantry center in the country Glynco Naval Air Station
(Brunswick) flew blimps along the coast in search of German
subs
Slide 34
WWII Military Bases in GA Prisoners of War were held at Fort
Benning, Fort Gordon, Fort Oglethorpe, and Fort Stewart Fort
McPherson (Atlanta) a major induction center for newly drafted
soldiers from all over the country
Slide 35
Savannah & Brunswick Shipyards Liberty ships were built at
the Savannah & Brunswick Shipyards Liberty ships were cargo
ships named by President Roosevelt. First of GAs Liberty ships was
launched in November 1942 the U.S.S. James Oglethorpe 88 Liberty
ships were built in Savannah 99 Liberty ships were built in
Brunswick
Slide 36
Liberty Ships
Slide 37
Richard B. Russell, Jr. Georgias youngest governor He
consolidated 102 state offices into 17 agencies He created the
Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia a combination
of the boards of trustees of state colleges and universities into
one group He ran the state like a successful business
Slide 38
Richard B. Russell, Jr. He served thirty-eight years as a U.S.
Senator He helped provide a school lunch to all children He was a
respected advisor to six U.S. presidents; when he became pro
tempore of the Senate, he was third in line for the presidency
Slide 39
Richard B. Russell, Jr.
Slide 40
Carl Vinson One of Georgias most influential leaders He served
twenty-five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives
He represented Georgias interest in the military through his work
with the House Naval Affairs Committee and the House Armed Services
Committee He had a major influence in promoting a strong national
defense
Slide 41
Carl Vinson In 1934, he helped authorize the manufacture of 92
major warships because of tensions in Europe He expanded the naval
aviation system to include 10,000 plans, train 16,000 pilots, and
establish 20 air bases He is referred to as the father of the
two-ocean navy.
Slide 42
Carl Vinson
Slide 43
The Holocaust The name given to the systematic extermination of
6 million Jews An additional 5-6 million people, labeled as
undesireables, were also killed People died from starvation,
disease, mistreatment, and medical experiments Prisoners, including
children, were killed in gas chambers; once dead, they were
incinerated in ovens or thrown in mass graves
Slide 44
The Holocaust Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany, instigated the
Holocaust. Concentration Camps the final solution to the Jewish
problem Examples: Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka,
Bergen-Belsen
Slide 45
The Holocaust
Slide 46
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Slide 49
In 1986, the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust was created to
take lesson from the history of the Holocaust and use them to help
lead new generations of Georgians beyond racism and bigotry. The
Commission sponsors an art and writing contest for Georgia middle
and high school students
Slide 50
Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia One of his New Deal
programs did not work the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)
It was designed to help workers by setting minimum wages,
permitting them organize unions, and allowing factories to cut back
on production This legislation mainly affected the textile
industry
Slide 51
Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia The NIRA was a major threat
to mill owners The mill owners used a stretch out a practice that
requires workers to tend more machines Workers had to do the same
amount of work in an 8-hour shift that they had previously done in
a 12- hour shift
Slide 52
Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia Thus, textile workers all
over the South joined in a strike 45,000 union workers in Georgia
took part The strike caused financial hardships for the workers, so
the union called off the strike eventually So how did the NIRA
affect GA? Resulted in a strike in the textile industry
Slide 53
Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia In 1924, Roosevelt began
visiting Warm Springs as treatment for his polio
Slide 54
Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia Because of the warm
springs, he built a small house there in 1932 it became known as
the Little White House The warm mineral waters of Warm Springs
eased his polio
Slide 55
Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia He died on April 24, 1945
from a massive stroke at his house in Warm Springs Harry Truman
became the next president of the United States and authorized the
use of the atomic bomb both Hiroshima and Nagasaki