Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The GQM –The GQM – can you see the pattern? can you see the pattern?
Andy GriffithsDr. Becky Milne
University of PortsmouthUnited Kingdom
The use of questionsThe use of questionsAccurate information ‘lifeblood of Accurate information ‘lifeblood of investigation’ (Stewart, 1985)investigation’ (Stewart, 1985)
Negative effect of inappropriate questions Negative effect of inappropriate questions established (Loftus &Palmer, 1974)established (Loftus &Palmer, 1974)
Previous research has ‘scored’ types of Previous research has ‘scored’ types of questions onlyquestions only
Appropriate question strategy is vitalAppropriate question strategy is vital
Types of questionTypes of question
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
Appropriate yes/noAppropriate yes/no
Inappropriate Inappropriate yes/noyes/no
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced choiceForced choice
Opinion /statementOpinion /statement
GQM
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion St.St.
Time
GQM
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion St.St.
Time
Each line allocated to question typee.g. ‘open’
GQM
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion St.St.
Time
Top 3 lines are appropriate questions
Bottom 5 lines are inappropriate questions
GQM
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion St.St.
Time
As each question is asked it is plotted onto the correct line building the ‘question map’
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT)
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2121
6060
1010
2727
22
00
11
Time
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT)
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2121
6060
1010
2727
22
00
11
Time
121 questions = 45 minute interview, majority ‘probing’ (3>1)
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT)
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2121
6060
1010
2727
22
00
11
Time
Sequence - open, probe (3), app closed, probe, open, probe(3) etc
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT)
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2121
6060
1010
2727
22
00
11
Time
Majority productive but 27 ‘inappropriate closed’= training need
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)
Time Time
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2525
4646
55
00
00
00
00
00
8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)
Time Time
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2525
4646
55
00
00
00
00
00
8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21
Question ratio 2>1 (probing /open) Question ratio 2>1 (probing /open)
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)
Time Time
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2525
4646
55
00
00
00
00
00
8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21
No inappropriate questions No inappropriate questions
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT)
Time Time
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
2525
4646
55
00
00
00
00
00
8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21
Sequence - open, probing, app closed, Sequence - open, probing, app closed, probing(3), open, probing(3), open etcprobing(3), open, probing(3), open etc
GQM – MURDER 2
Time Time
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion Stmt Stmt
1111
4848
99
00
00
00
00
00
21 24 27 29 30 34 36 39 41
Topic – open, probe, app closed, Topic – open, probe, app closed,
probe, app closed, probe(6), probe, app closed, probe(6),
app closed, probe(3) etcapp closed, probe(3) etc
GQM – MURDER 2
Time Time
OpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion Stmt Stmt
1111
4848
99
00
00
00
00
00
21 24 27 29 30 34 36 39 41
TopicTopic question ratio 13>1 question ratio 13>1
(probing/open)(probing/open)
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECTOpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
77
3333
1212
3333
1717
77
44
1010
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECTOpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
1111
3333
1212
3333
1717
77
44
1010
Question ratio -Question ratio -3>1 probing/open3>1 probing/openbut 3>1 leading/openbut 3>1 leading/openand 71/121 inappropriateand 71/121 inappropriate
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECTOpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
1111
3333
1212
3333
1717
77
44
1010
Random patternRandom pattern
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECTOpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
1111
3333
1212
3333
1717
77
44
1010
Accuses Accuses suspectsuspect
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECTOpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
1111
3333
1212
3333
1717
77
44
1010
‘‘I’ve interviewed I’ve interviewed this girl and she’s this girl and she’s telling the truth’telling the truth’
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECTOpenOpen
ProbingProbing
App.App.
ClosedClosed
Inapp.Inapp.
ClosedClosed
LeadingLeading
MultipleMultiple
Forced Forced choicechoice
Opinion Opinion StmtStmt
1111
3333
1212
3333
1717
77
44
1010
5/11 open questions 5/11 open questions after after accusing the suspectaccusing the suspect
ConclusionsConclusionsScoring of question type frequency is a Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation very basic method of evaluation
ConclusionsConclusionsScoring of question type frequency is a Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation very basic method of evaluation
Context of questions is more informative Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one questionthan an isolated definition of one question
ConclusionsConclusionsScoring of question type frequency is a Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation very basic method of evaluation
Context of questions is more informative Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one questionthan an isolated definition of one question
Context of questions is more relevant than Context of questions is more relevant than the number of any one question typethe number of any one question type
ConclusionsConclusionsScoring of question type frequency is a Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation very basic method of evaluation
Context of questions is more informative Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one questionthan an isolated definition of one question
Context of questions is more relevant than Context of questions is more relevant than the number of any one question typethe number of any one question type
The GQM identifies patterns of questions The GQM identifies patterns of questions associated with both productive and associated with both productive and unproductive interviewsunproductive interviews
The GQM –The GQM – can you see the pattern? can you see the pattern?
Contact details - Contact details -
[email protected]@sussex.pnn.police.uk
