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Why Heirlooms? Variety of shapes, sizes, colors Perception of flavor quality Renewed interest in niche markets Provide information regarding how breeding has altered genetic variation
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The GLVWG tomato heirloom project
Contact information for SolCAP tomato project:[email protected]
SolCAP Solanaceae Coordinated Agricultural Project
Germplasm panels form the core of SolCAP e.g. Tomato
• M82 x LA716• Hunt 100 x LA407• NC 23E X LA1269• Sun1642 x LA1589• OH 88119 x PI128216• OH 8245 x PI365914• (Fla7600 xPI114490) x OH9242• OH 88119 x Ha 7998 • OH 9242 x OH 8245• OH 9241 x OH 8245
144 Fresh Market 144 Processing 48 Heirloom 48 Land Races 48 cerasiformae 48 wild species
Why Heirlooms?
Variety of shapes, sizes, colors
Perception of flavor quality
Renewed interest in niche markets
Provide information regarding how breeding has altered genetic variation
What is an Heirloom?
Carolyn Male’s classification:
1) Commercial Heirloom (OP varieties >40 years old)
2) Family Heirloom3) Created Heirloom4) Mystery Heirloom
Examples:Commercial Heirloom
Gold Ball (Livingston’s)
Family HeirloomBrandywine (Sudduth/Quisenberry)
Created HeirloomGreen Zebra
Mystery HeirloomAnanas Noire
Comments on Heirloom sources
Some Heirloom’s have well documented history, supported by primary sources
Poorly documented pedigrees, seed contamination, lack of fidelity in propagating variety names, invented histories for marketing purposes, genetic drift, …
All of the above lead to confusion
e.g. Diverse forms of “Brandywine” include: Sudduth/Quisenberry; pink; red; yellow; “on the vine” (OTV).
e.g. Cherokee Purple. The allele of “gf” carried by Cherokee Purple is not consistent with a >100 year-old Heirloom
Field EvaluationField Evaluation
Fruit size and shape
Fruit color
UPOV descriptors
Sugar, acids, etc… 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
Wavenumber, cm-1
Abs
orba
nce,
A
Lycopene
Red Tomato Yellow Tomato Green Tomato
trans-lycopene
Genetic analysisGenetic analysis
Proc FM HeirloomWild
Numbers based on genotyping platforms and limitations of phenotyping (n = 480 for total collection)
1 2 3 4
1) Fresh Market (FM) ; 2) Landrace; 3) Heirloom; 4) Processing
K=4
1,6,7) Processing; 2) Landrace: 3,5) FM; 4) FM & Processing; 8) Heirloom
K=8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Allele 1 Allele 2 Allele 3 Allele 4 Allele 5 Allele 6 Allele 7 Allele 8 Allele 9 Allele 10Total ave 74.06909 16.78455 7.25 1.13 0.372727 0.160909 0.100909 0.057273 0.032727 0.014545
Stdev 23.76931 14.56451 9.699955 2.287202 1.24502 0.492717 0.431021 0.255026 0.180778 0.14325Wild Average 27.65556 28.22222 31.67778 6.422222 2.533333 0.977778 1.066667 0.644444 0.355556 0.166667
STDEV 11.63691 18.96607 12.02079 4.741249 3.528456 1.086022 1.053565 0.657858 0.54569 0.5LandRace Average 70.52 20.56 7.06 0.4 0.6 0.88 0 0 0 0.02
STDEV 10.19127 12.02884 4.004747 0.65192 0.547723 0.864292 0 0 0 0.044721Hierloom Average 84.78571 10.75238 2.990476 0.947619 0.338095 0.133333 0 0 0.019048 0
STDEV 15.00894 9.576566 5.674848 1.266341 0.688822 0.375943 0 0 0.087287 0FM Average 77.08 15.668 6.38 0.664 0.14 0.06 0 0 0 0
STDEV 23.57833 16.89558 6.53752 1.190896 0.451848 0.212132 0 0 0 0PROC Average 75.3225 18.835 5.305 0.3875 0.1 0.005 0.0375 0.0125 0 0
STDEV 21.21108 16.2046 5.77159 0.708985 0.392885 0.031623 0.237171 0.079057 0 0Modern Average 76.27581 17.43871 5.627419 0.479032 0.120968 0.027419 0.024194 0.008065 0 0
STDEV 21.96403 16.39328 6.053509 0.925794 0.422769 0.138101 0.1905 0.0635 0 0
Allele frequencies and distribution of variation:Modern varieties contain alleles not found in old varietiesSome alleles “lost” during breedingShifts in allele frequencies
Data integration
How can GLVWG and SolCAP interact? GLVWG can provide further trial locations
SolCAP can help with resources and quality evaluation
SolCAP can provide standard seed source
GLVWG can reach a wider community of interest than SolCAP
Considerations for GLVWG project independent of SolCAP Population size (context of EuSol and SolCAP projects)
Describe the deliverable relative to some excellent popular books on Heirloom varieties
Thanks for your time….
Questions/Discussion?