The Globe - May/June 2013

7/28/2019 The Globe - May/June 2013

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move your life, and this is like engines for each life.For me, the most important things are family,knowledge, and hard work. First, family is essentialfor me, because Ive been doing everything with myparents and relatives since I was born. Second,knowledge is very important, because I need to knowinformation. For example, when I was 18 years old, Ididnt know what I wanted to study, so I needed towork hard on this. I learned information aboutcomputer skills. Then, I learned that my favoriteprofession was electrical engineering, because Icould compare my knowledge about the two studies.In addition, hard work is necessary, because I thinkthat in this life, you have to work a lot, wherever youwant to go, do or learn. For example, I wanted tolearn English, so I went to U.S. last February, andnow Im learning English at IEI. Some days are hardfor me, but I dont give up. I want to learn English,and I am going to learn it! Finally, life is wonderful ifyou have some things to do and love. Dont worryabout anything. Im not sure why we are in this world,but we are here. So, what do you want to do?

The Personality of My FriendHatem (Saudi Arabia)

I have a lot of friends. Everyone has manypersonality characteristics, but one of my friends isdifferent. He has a different mind. First, he is smart. Isaw many smart people, but not like this person. Heworks in present for the future. Many people accepttheir easy life and get a small job, but he doesnt likean easy life. He works to change that and to have agood life. What did he do? He studied English. Hefinished the Masters degree, and he still studies. Hewill get a good job. Not just that, he will start abusiness and he will be a rich man. He has

intelligence and ambition. Second, he is funny. Whenpeople are smart, usually they are boring. However,this person is smart and funny. He always jokes andlaughs with his friends and even with people hedoesnt know. In conclusion, it is so good if thesepersonality characteristics are in the same person! Ialways sit with him and laugh a lot. Do you knowsomeone the same as this person?

My Brother and IJin Joo (South Korea)

My brother is 19 years old, and Im 20 yearsold. We look different, but we have some similarities.

Also, we act very different. I look like our mother, buthe looks like our father. Also, I am heavy, but he isskinny. My brothers eyes are good, but I alwaysmust wear my glasses and contact lens. He has a lotof muscles, but I am not strong. He is a boy, and I ama girl. However, we also have some similarities. Wehave black hair, black eyes, and the same skin color.

Our personalities are very different. I am veryeasygoing, but my brother is energetic. For example,when we went to the mountains, I was very tired,because walking is hard for me. I gave up and sat

down, but my brother didnt stop. He climbed to thetop of the mountains. He has a lot of energy.Moreover, I dont like exercise, but my brother likesexercise very much. In addition, I am creative. He isnot creative, but he is ambitious.

We have similar personalities. We are bothadventurous, dependable and sociable. Also, wehave other similarities. For example, we have similarnames. My name is Jin Joo and his name is JinHoon. Also, we both like to eat, travel, watch movies,and play computer games. We like to talk together.

In conclusion, our appearance, ourpersonalities, and our actions are different, but wehave similarities. We will be family and friendsforever!

Scary Night in the MountainKhaled (Saudi Arabia)

Thirteen years ago when I was in my country,I was about thirteen at that time. My grandfatherwanted me to bring sheep, because he wanted tomake dinner for the guests who came to our village inthe south of the country. When I drove my unclestruck, the sheep were behind me in the truck bed.The time was very late at night, and the weatherlooked scary. I was alone in the mountains. Themountains looked terrifying, and the sky was dark.When I was driving on my way, suddenly I heard thesheep scream and the truck was vibrating for oneminute. I said to myself, What is this? I should stophere and see what is happening to the sheep! Thescary part of this story was when I went to check theback of the truck, I saw all the sheep were dead, andthe truck bed was filled with blood! Who is the killer? Istill dont know!

A Scary ExperienceLaura (Colombia)

I have always been afraid of mice. I am notsure if it is a scary experience for all people, but it isfor me. Four years ago, when I was 13 years old, Iwas at school. My classmates were playing SecretSanta, which is a special game where the playersgive different things between themselves. The lastday of the game, each player receives a great gift. Itcan be anything! This day was a special day,because everyone received a different kind of animal,like fish or rabbits.

When I received my gift, it was in a box, andit looked very nice on the outside. However, when Iopened the box, there was a hamster inside! Ahamster is like a mouse! It was really scary to me!When I opened it, the hamster crawled over my legs!I wanted to cry at this moment, and of course, I didntbring the hamster home. Actually, I dont know whathappened to it.

Finally, it was a scary experience for me,because I hate mice. I dont like it, and a hamster islike a mouse for me. I dont want to feel a mouse onmy legs again! It was really scary! Maybe it isnt scary

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for everyone, but it is for me!

My Dream PlaceMajed (Saudi Arabia)

My dream place is going to an island, andnobody will be there - just me and my lovely wife. Theisland has everything for food and drink. I can feel atpeace in myself and peace about everything. I want aplace like this, because I dont want to care about

work, money, studies, or family. Nothing is thereexcept my lovely wife and me. I know this is animpossible place, and I cant find a place like this. Iwrite this story about this island, because it is a goodplace for me. I like to feel at peace about everythingin my soul.

About My FriendSaif (Saudi Arabia)

My best friends name is Mohammed. He is astudent. I like some of his personality characteristics.First. Hes hardworking in his job. He is trying to be agood student and a great person. For example, if he

wants to buy something, he decides by himself. Hedoesnt ask anyone about what he wants. Forexample, one day he wanted to get a new car, but hedidnt want to buy anything too quickly. So, he tried tofind a car. He tried very hard. I watched him workvery hard. Second, he is very helpful to his family andhis friends. He likes to help them. For example, whenI wanted to study in US, he helped me and told memany important things. I like him and he is my bestfriend for 20 years.

Myself and ITalal Alanazi (Saudi Arabia)

Maybe you are confused about the title of mystory, but I want to explain this for you. You have toremember I do not have schizophrenia, and I do nothave two personalities. When I was in my country, Iwas lazy, but now I am hard working. Also, I wassensitive, but now I am not. I was pessimistic, but

now I am optimistic. In addition, I was lazy, but in theUSA, Im energetic. When I was in KSA, I wasreserved, but in the USA, Im talkative. When I was inmy country, I was serious, but now Im funny. Finally,when I lived in my country, my personality wasdifferent from now in the USA.

The GhostYazeed (Saudi Arabia)

I will talk about ghosts and I have a scarystory. When I came to the USA, my brother pickedme up at the airport. Then, he took me to an

American family, and I was so tired that I didnt knowabout anything, because it was my first time to cometo the USA. Then, I went to the bedroom to sleep.There was a chimney and a fireplace in my bedroom.When I turned off the light at 1:00 am, suddenly Iheard something fall down the chimney! I couldntsee anything, because the room was dark. I wasreally scared, and I didnt know what I should do.Then, something moved in the window! I grabbed thebed sheet, and I moved very slowly to get out of thebed while I hid under the sheet. Then, I ran out of theroom to find the homeowner! However, it was my firstday in the USA, and I couldnt speak English! So, I

just screamed and shouted, and then he understoodme, and he woke up his wife and told her about it. Hegrabbed a broom, because he wanted to see what Ihad in my room. We came to my room very slowly.When we turned on the light, we found a bird in thewindow! The bird was very small and cute, andeveryone laughed about this ghost!

My Dream about the FutureZaid (Saudi Arabia)

In my dream about the future, I want tobecome an ophthalmologist, a doctor for eyes. Also,I want to speak fluent English. In addition, in mydream I want a big house, and I want a luxury car.Moreover, I want to own a lot of money. I dream to bemarried and have kids. I want to achieve all this in thefuture.

WRITING FOURPoor People and Their Situation

Ary (Brazil)

Have you ever been poor in your life? Whatdoes it mean to be poor? Maybe, you never werepoor or if you were poor, you know this kind of lifevery well. In undeveloped countries, it is common tofind people living in poverty. Have you ever thoughtabout how poverty affects people? If you live in aplace that has too much poverty, you know what itmeans. You must know that poor people don`t haveenough food, don`t get education, and break therules.

First, people living in poverty don`t haveenough food. Maybe you eat every day, on the other

hand, poor people make few meals or don t eatnothing. Because of the small amount of food, theyhave to ask other people for money to buy somethingto eat. In other cases, when poor people don`t getmoney to buy food, they will look for food in the trash.It`s not good because these people can be sick, andthey possibly will die.

Second, poor people get little education ordon`t get any. While you are attending excellentschools, in contrast, poor people attend bad schoolsor have never visited a school in their lives. Since

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childhood, they had little condition to study or neverhad anybody like parents to help them. In general,because of this situation, they are illiterate. Becausepoor people don`t get education, they are ignorantand impolite. Because of this, to they live in society isvery hard.

Finally, poor people can break the rules. Assaid before, these people live in a bad situation likeless food and terrible education. Because of theseproblems, they can do wrong things. For example,poor people will use drugs or sell them, steal, and doprostitution too. It will happen because they needmoney to survive. It will negatively affect the society.In conclusion, poverty is a serious social problem inthe world. Maybe you never stop to think, but many ofthese people, in general, are victims of your ownsituation. They don`t have assistance from thegovernment, and suffer discrimination from society.These people are human like you, so they deserverespect too. You can help them.

The Difference Between Married and Single LifeAbdalrahmaan (Saudi Arabia)

Do you know what the difference is betweenbeing single and being married? Some people likethe single time because they think the life is a freetime, but other people do not like that because theythink married life is very organized in all respects.There are three differences between being single andbeing married, which are free time, responsibilities,and cooking.

People who are married and single havedifferent amounts of free time. When you are married,you spend your free time with your wife. For example,when my bother got married, he could not stay with

us all night. When you are single, you can do whatyou want with your free time. For example, my cousinis single and he does not have a job. He sleeps a lotof the time, and he wakes up at night.

People who are married spend a lot ofmoney to pay bills, buy food, and save money for thefuture. For example, when my brother got married, hespent money on his wife when she wanted to givebirth. However, people who are single do not spend alot of money. For example, my cousin did not havefamily, so he did not care about anybody excepthimself.

When you are married, you spend a lot oftime eating. For example, when I got married, I got fatbecause my wife cooked three times a day. Whenyou are single, no one will cook for you and you willeat by yourself. For example, when I was single, I didnot care about food. If I was hungry, I ate fast food.

In sum, the life between being married andsingle is very different, so the best life is the marriedlife. You should get married, if you want a wonderfullife.

PassionAouda (Saudi Arabia)

Is there any one who does not care aboutsoccer, family, and work? When we talk aboutpassion, we will find many people that have differentpassions for different things, which include theirhobbies, work, and family.

First of all, I have had a passion for soccer.Thirty years ago, I started my love for soccer. Iplayed with my friends for a long time everyday.

Another passion is for our job. Before I got a job, Ithought the job was just for money. However, after Igot job, I thought I could not live without a job.Because I got experience, I learned it is not aboutwork only. Now, I have good skills in dealing withpeople and I have new a lot of friends.

Finally, I have a strong passion for my family.When I was single, I had careless behavior. On theother hand, I got a family, and I changed to be morequiet and wise. Now I am worried about my childrenand their futures.

In conclusion, everyone has something theycannot live without. From my perspective, I cant livewithout soccer, my job, and my family.

Education in the LifeSaad (Saudi Arabia)

Do you know how to learn in life? This is aquestion for yourself. Many people learn from the life.I will talk about three important ways you can learneducation in the life, which include learning in thehome, the street, and your job.

First, people can learn from their life at home.Some people get knowledge from their families.Some people learn a lesson in life. They can betaught a lesson in life.

Furthermore, many people commit mistakes in

life. If you ask them, Why did you that? most peoplewill say, these mistakes are committed due to lake ofknowledge.

Third, people can learn from their work. Somepeople know a person who lost his job because theycommitted a problem in the job. When many peoplewatch the person who lost his job, they can learn alesson from this experience.Finally, the education in life is everywhere. If youcommit a mistake or you have goal you need toachieve, and then make a mistake, some people willto learn a lesson from the mistake.

In conclusion, everyone has a mistake in his orher life. Some people learn education in life at thehome, in the street, or from their job. Can you think ofthe last mistake that you made? I hope you learned alesson from it.

EducationMarwan (Saudi Arabia)

What is there to learn about education thatwe do not already know? Education is that process ofteaching and learning usually at school, college, oruniversity. However, there are many places for

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education. The people need a good life. We can geteducation from our school, parents, and real life.

First, in the school you will learn manysubjects such as math, science, and religion. Wehave teachers who are sympathetic and have awonderful way to teach the students. I got a greatexperience from my high school. I learned how tomake chemical reactions. It was a wonderfuladventure.

Second, the education from your parents willteach you how to be respectful and how to deal withothers. They will teach you how to be a good personand how to deal with your life. For example, my fatherthought me how to be honest with others.

Third, the education of life lessons has a bigimpact on our lives. It gives us the main rules andregulations that make us good citizens. Theeducation makes people more aware about how todeal with others and with their problems.Furthermore, education serves the development ofthe country.

In conclusion, the education is veryimportant. It has a meaningful impact. People can

learn from it. We get education from school, ourparents, and life. To be the best person, you shouldbegin learning in life as soon as possible.

Single or MarriedFabricio (Brazil)

To marry or not marry, whats better? This isa question that is not easy to answer because theyarent the same experience as the other. Eachperson is different from another person. When youare married, you begin to divide responsibilities andspace. Its different in each culture. There are three

basic characteristics that I will write about. So we aretalking about single or married relationships,responsibilities, and the plan/goal for life, which Ithink, are the biggest differences.

First, when you are single we look for aperson who is the opposite sex with another eyes. Incontrast, the married person has relationship with aperson of a different sex with a coworker or friend. Sofor a single person the relationship, sometimes, canbe closer. It isnt only a friend, but a boy or girlfriend.

An example of this situation is when these people aretogether a long time.

Second, the responsibilities arent the same.This depends so much on each person or couplebecause the main responsibility changes but thepersonality does not. The singles have less seriousresponsibility than married people, but married arentthem. They need to think about the new family. Anexample is in the parties. In the many cultures,singles are the same as hunters and married peopleneed to be very polite.

Furthermore, I believe that the plan for life isthe biggest change between single and married life.In the singles time, the plan is directed at them or thesame time for their parents. The singles can change

their plan very easy, but married people need tolisten to the opinion from another person of thecouple or from their family. Today, Im in the USA,and I want to get a masters degree here, but the firstmoment, my wife wont move here for the next threeyears.

In conclusion, get married or not? We lookedat many arguments about the more importantdifferences of thinking such as relationships,responsibilities, and the goals or plans for life.Furthermore, this change will depend on each personincreased their culture, what population they wereborn in, their education, and personality. In myopinion, this answer is the same as a lottery game.Good or God luck!!

The Pride in Your LifeMajed (Saudi Arabia)

Some people know what happened withWilliam Wallace, but they dont know why he smiledbefore his murder? He was proud about what he did.He wanted an Independent country. Pride, accordingto the Dictionary of American English, means "afeeling of satisfaction and pleasure in what you havedone or in what someone connected with you hasdone". There are many kinds of pride for a personsuch as family pride, country pride, and self-pride.

The most important part in making a personproud is their family. The largest segments of peoplesay they are proud of their parents because theyhave learned by following their parents. On the other

hand, some people believe that one of the reasonsfor their success is the presence of their wives in theirlives because they shared the difficulties of life withthem. Furthermore, people who have kids see thepride in them reflecting on the happiness of theirwhole lives. For example, Will Smith is a successfulactor, and now boasts his son who follows in hisfootsteps.

Another reason to make someone proud istheir country, and how that reflects in his personality.One of the main reasons that make me proud of mycountry, Saudi Arabia, is their way of dealing with thepilgrims in the Hajj season. Also, how they organizesuch large numbers of people in a narrow space anda short time. I would also like to add what my countryhas done in the development of educational curricula.They give a large group of students scholarship tothe U.S.A, the UK, Canada, and Australia to improvetheir education.

Last of all, one of the most important types ofpride is self-pride. I am really proud of myself where Iam, and the fact that within a short period of time Ihave contributed to one of the most importantdevelopment projects in the Middle East. I began towork in the engineering department of the planning

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and logistics center project in the King AbdullahFinancial District, and am currently the DeputyDirector of the Department.

In conclusion, there are many kinds of pride fora person, which include: family pride, country pride,and self-pride. I think that the person who does notaccept these examples mentioned has not had ataste of success.

Learning from AnimalsBy Abdullah AlNasib (Saudi Arabia)

Do you believe we can learn from animals?Animals have behavior like humans or more thanhumans. There are many good qualities thoseanimals have. Now I will write about three behaviorsthey have; patience from camels, loyalty from dogs,and courage from lions.

The patience that camels own is unbelievable.First, they can live more than thirty days withoutwater and food. Second, they are able to resist highheat and lower cold. However, they are always happyand nice with people. They never complain. Finally,

we should watch their life and learn something fromthem that makes our life better.

Dogs are the most loyal of the animals. Dogsalways love their masters, and they are always loyalto them. I want to tell you an example, which is ashort story I read. One day there was a dog who livedin Japan. He always waited for his master every dayat the train station. One day, when he was waiting forhis master, such as every day, his master did notcome, and he knew something happened to hismaster. The dog did not move from the station for 15years until he died. We should look at dogs and dolike what they do. When someone protects you and

feeds you, no matter whom you are, so you have tobe loyal to them.

Loins are the bravest animals, especially whensomeone tries to hurt their family. That identifies itsplace. On the other hand, if any one crossestheir border, he will attack them to protect their family.When the lion feels risk on his children, he is going tosacrifice his life for their life. People should protecttheir families from anything dangerous because thefamily is the most important for anyone, evenanimals.

In conclusion, animals can be good teachers toteach a lot of things about life; like how they haveconstancy and bravery. Finally, I recommend you towatch the animals life. They will teach you more thanpeople!

The Difference Between Korean Education andU.S EducationChangmin (South Korea)

Do you know what the difference is betweenKorean education and U.S. education? Everywherein the world, education is necessary to improve ourlife. There are many things that are different between

the education in Korea and the U.S which include thesubjects studied, the time schedule, and the teachingstyle.

First of all, the subjects studied are different.Schools of the U.S have 7 subjects studied. Forexample, English, Math, Science, Literature, Arts,Govt and History. They dont study much foreignlanguage. On the other hand, the Schools of Koreahave 14 subjects studied. For example, Math,History, Arts, Music, English, Science, Korean,Chinese Character, Computer, Physical Education,Society, Ethics, Technique and Home Education. Thesubjects studied have many different things betweenthe U.S and Korea.

In addition, they have a different timeschedule. In case of the U.S school, their first classstarts at 08:30 A.M and last class finishes at 03:30P.M. Also, they can participate in clubs or sportsteams after School. However, in the case of Koreanschools, their first class starts at 09:00 A.M and theirlast class finishes at 04:00 P.M. Moreover, they haveto study themselves until 10:00 P.M in school.

Finally, they have a different teaching style.

First, the U.S school is interactive learning groupwork. For example, if their teacher gives some topicfor students, they must discuss about the topic andthey will be find a solution. The U.S school studentsare active. Unlike the U.S. Schools on Korea arealmost all teacher lead. For example, their teacherusually reads a sentence or reads a question andthen the students just find the answer by themselvesor listen to teachers the sentence. Schools of Koreanstudents are passive.

In conclusion, the U.S Schools and theSchools Korea have many different things betweeneach school. However, academic achievement is

different for every one. So, you have to try everycircumstance.

Transportation DifferenceHamad (Saudi Arabia)

Everyone has reasons to choosetransportation to travel. When you want to travel,what is the best way of transportation for your trip?Before you answer, you need to know what you want.Moreover, you should look at the most importantthings for you. I think that when you travel by car orairplane, you need to know about some importantthings including the safety, time, and rules. After that,you can choose the best transportation for you.

More people prefer to travel by car becausethey love to enjoy nature around them. They dontcare about anything, and they just go drive away. Inaddition, they dont have any good reason to choosea car to travel. But from my perspective, they shouldlook at several important things you can find in thecar. First of all, we know that safety is the mostimportant thing that must be provided in anytransportation. There is good public safety, such asseat belts and airbags in the car. For example, when

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you drive the car, if you have an accident, the seatbelt keeps you in your car, and the airbags protectyou from getting hurt. Moreover, driving in a car hasmore free time. This means that you can travel at anytime you like without committing to a specific time,and also having the option to stop several times totake a break, enjoy the atmosphere, and eat. Forexample, if an emergency happens, you can travel atanytime. You dont have to wait for an exact time,and you can stop at the place you want to. Finally,you can make your rules if you choose transportationby car. However, you must respect the laws of thecountry when you make your rules. For example, youcan pick up anyone you want and carry as muchluggage as you want.

On other hand, some people travel byairplane, but they dont know why. From my point ofview, they should know something good about thismethod of travel. Like car travel, safety is importantfor air travel, and everyone knows that. There arefewer incidences because the probability of accidentsfalls. The plane has life jackets and seat belts. Forexample, if something goes wrong you can survive

when you use a life jacket. Second, the flexibility withtime is different. We know that a flight has a specificagenda and organization, and they can only delay itin case of an emergency. It cant wait for any reason.For example, if you want to go anywhere, then youhave to register for one of the trips. After that, youshould go to the airport before your trip to make sureyou come on time. Finally, the rules are strict and youcant change any rules. When you fly, there is somestuff that you cant take with you. You must makesure everything in your baggage is legal. Forexample, if you want to go to by airplane you have tocheck your stuff and you cant take liquid, sharp tools,

and chemicals when you are traveling.In conclusion, these are the most important

reasons you have to know about like safety, time,and rules. I know about these things, but in myperspective, I prefer to travel by car instead of flying.How about you? What is your choice when you needtransportation?

EducationFahad Alassaf (Saudi Arabia)

Why is education important? Are peoplewithout education the same as people witheducation? In the past, humans were not interestedin education because life was hard, and it was hardto find food. People became ambitious to find or toget a job with education. There are many sources ofeducation like our parents, job, and school.

First, the parents teach the children to growup so they will do what the parents taught about theirlife. When these children grow up with the bestideas, they will keep this idea or education all theirlife until they get married and teach this to theirchildren. For example, my parents taught me Ishould respect everyone in my life and accept any

idea. However, if this idea is good and bad, I will usemy mind to take it or leave it.

Secondly, when you have a good job thatmeans you have a good education. If you are lookingfor the best job, you should take a high education.Furthermore, when you have a job, it will be useful tolearn many things and connect with people. You canget more experience when you work with your teamor group. For example, when someone works in acar company for more than 10 years, after this periodthey will get experience for how to work in thisfactory, and they have more information about how tofix any problem for cars.

Third, they say the best place for educationafter the home is the school. The students spend alot of time in schools or university. When you studyin school, you can learn a lot of things and you canget a good education in the future. Then you can usethis to get a good job or high salary and comfort inyour life. For example, the people who finish theuniversity can find a good job and buy the bestthings.

In the end, education is the most important

thing in the world, and without education in your life, itwill be disorganized. Moreover, when you wantyour life to be easy and better, you should get a goodeducation.

Good Time and Hard TimeAbdullah Alfadhil (Saudi Arabia)

What can you do in your time at school orduring your vacation time? I have a lot of differentthings in my time at school or vacation including mymood, my schedule, and activities.

First, I will talk about school time. My mood

in school is a different mood. It is better the first dayof the week or the last day in the week. Always, mymood in school time is not bad. Sometimes I feelvery good, and sometimes I feel tired. In the last dayof the week, I feel happy because it is the last day ofschool. Furthermore, I have a routine every schoolday. My schedule in the week is to wake up earlyand go to school early. I go to class on time, studyeveryday, and go to sleep early. Next, the activitiesin school are very little. For example, I must do myhomework, I go to all the classes, and study. Theseare the activities inside the school. There are otheractivities out of school. For example, I can go withstudents to a trip of to another place.

Second, I will talk about my vacation time.My mood in vacation time is good all of the time. Ifeel happy all the day and relaxed for my body andmind. I feel peaceful all the vacation because I donthave anything like school, work, or homework. Next,my schedule in my vacation time is nice. I can makea plan the same day. I dont have a routine. Forexample, I can wake up any time and go to bed anytime. When I want to go to another city, I can go. Ican go to any place I want. I can make a goodschedule for my day in my vacation time. Next, the

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activities are different. I have a lot of activities in thistime. I can do a lot of things. For example, I canspend time with my friends, go to another city with myfriends, and make a good time on this vacation.

In conclusion, there are many differencesbetween school time and vacation time. All this timeis a good time. In this life, we have a good time anda hard time.

EducationMohammed (Saudi Arabia)

Why is education important? Educationcomes from many sources in our life. A lot of peoplethink education just means the university and school.However, education means a lot of things liketraveling, parents, and friends. These things aregood to take the knowledge from.

First of all, traveling will provide manyeducational benefits. When you travel, you will find alot of people from different races. For instance, whenI was in London, I met people and I learned about

different cultures like food and clothes.Moreover, parents are the regulation for your

life. The best thing you get from your parents aremanners. For example, one day, I was with myuncle, and I was the youngest one. I did somethingbad. I dropped the glass, and I didnt say sorry. Mydad told me what to do when I do something like this.

In addition, friends are the best people inyour life because they make your life happy. Forexample, whenever I feel bad, I find asylum in myfriends. They are like my shelter from these things.They will feel what I feel, and they will make asolution for my problems. Furthermore, they will do alot of things to make me forget or change myfeelings.

In conclusion, to be educated is notsupposed to mean you have a certificate. Travel,parents, and friends are important to learn from. Iprefer to get education from these things. If you do,you will get experience from them, and it will help youfor your life.

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WRITING FIVE

Social MediaKholoud (Saudi Arabia)

Today a lot of people are using social medialike Facebook and Twitter. The Internet haspropagated rapidly, and social media has progresseda lot. The generalization of the Internet makes us liveconveniently, comfortably and fast. Most people areusing smart phones like the IPhone and the Ipad, andBlackberry that can access internet. These supplieshelp us do social networking more easily.

Additionally, it helps communicate with family, friendsand other people even though they live far away. It isespecially significant that we understand, realize andregulate the use of social media by young people andchildren.

First, it might be true that some people can getintellectual and physical disorders easily throughusing social media. Moreover, they debate the socialmedia is good for intellectual diseases because

social media helps make their feelings or thoughtobvious. Also, through social media they cancommunicate other more. However, social mediaoffers bounded meeting. They just have encounterson websites, not physical meetings according topsychologist, Aric Sigman in the British Journal. Thebiologist says " The use of social networking sites asopposed to face to face interaction could lead tomajor health problems. In addition, spending toomuch time online could lead to social isolation andloneliness. These types of psychological symptomscould ultimately lead to more serious health concernsuch as heart disease, cancer and madness."

Moreover, social media,particularly Facebook,are very addictive. Some people would say drugs oralcohol is more addicted than social media. Also,social media is not a big problem, but it is not true.The problems are many people who have anaddiction to social media and do not even realize it.

According to Adam Singer, the social media practicedirector for LEWIS PR Global Communications,wrote a post for his media blog,The Future Buzz,titled Why Social Media Addiction Makes AbsolutelyZero Sense. He says individuals who abusesomething, like social media, to the extent that itcauses problems in their lives probably have deeper

issues. I think social media addiction is somethingbeing played up in the media because it is a hot topicright now, Singer says. A lot of people areleveraging that for story ideas, or to trump up thevalue of something whether thats products that stopaccess to social sites at work or psychologists tryingto sell different services. There are motivators toplaying it up. He says he personally believes socialmedia can be addictive, using Facebook as anexample.

Finally, social media does not help theirstudies. People think social media is a good place to

show their students what they did. For example, theyargue that people can share videos and studyanything. Students get low grades in school due tolack of the desired information and writing skills. Theymostly use slang words or shortened forms of wordson social networking sites. Additionally, they startdepending on the computer grammar and spellingcheck features.

Furthermore, Most students say using socialmedia is not helpful to study. Also, using social mediasteals your time from what you really want to do. Ifyou do not pay attention, your time is gone very fast,and it cannot be returned. If you read books, study, orexercise instead of using social media, it would bemuch better for you and your future life.

To sum up, There are always two sides toeverything; it depends on your character, like respectand honest with people. It is common in all cases thatevery thing has got two side one good side and a badside. In my opinion, I think it depends on us how we

use social media. As long as we keep remindingourselves that we need to go out and do face to facemeetings, balance our lives online and offline, then itwon't be have any negative effects. Moreover, if youfollow this simple instruction and be alert. Then socialnetworks definitely become the source of unlimitedinformation, and can improve your personal as wellprofessional relations.

Reference:http://source.southuniversity.edu/does-social-media-addiction-really-exist-31795.aspxhttp://articles.latimes.com/keyword/social-media

English globalZaina (Saudi Arabia)

Today English is global language in the worldmany of people have been spoke English as first orsecond language. English links variety culturestogether and English is useful to business, medicaland scientific communication. Now English globalbecome fact but some people oppose English globalthey have some evidences for their opinion.

Opponents of English global consider everycommunity has specific language, culture and

tradition. When we unite those communities we omitself-identity for every community. That make situationis not balance in this world. When the world willbecause the same in everything that's leads toboredom.

English is a good way to make the worldhomogeneous and connected. Also, English leads tocommunication among several generations. WhenEnglish become the global language that makes theworld as a small village everyone become to knowabout the other people. I believe English is the bestway to connect the world and make communication

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between the people.Opponents also mention English is much more

likely to be translated. We don't need Englishbecause global language because we havereplacement for that. Also, translation using saves alot of time and effort. (Pak.Jennifer.bbc22Feb.2012)

Maybe translation has mistakes or translationchanges the meaning. Also, the translation has a lotof negative effects may that impacts on subjectquality .In my opinion; choose English as globallanguage solves many of translation mistakes.

Opponents also say why should we bother tolearn other language, and spend a lot of time forthat?" This argument is also lazy. Why should aperson work any harder than a person have to? Nolanguage is superior in and of itself, just as no groupof human beings is superior any other group.(Pak.Jennifer.Bbc Feb 22.2012)

English is an easy language to learn but a hardone to master. For example, the verbs are much lesscomplex than French verbs, but the grammar is full ofexceptions to the rules. English has variety of wordand an expression to choose from that are exciting

and beautiful. I think it's interesting to learn to speakEnglish because it is dominant global language now.

English is the best way to connect the worldand for people to communicate with each other.English is also easier to learn and it is a commonlanguage in the world now. I think the future isEnglish becomes global language and dominantlanguage too.

Causes and Effects of ObesityOudah (Saudi Arabia)

According to cdc.gov more than one-third of

the Americans are obese. Obesity means having toomuch body fat. It is not the same as beingoverweight, which means weighing too much. Aperson may be overweight from extra muscle, bone,or water, as well as from having too muchfat( ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). there are many causes forobesity for example eating a lot, drinking alcohol anddon't do exercise. The effects of obesity are coronaryheart disease, Sleep apnea and hypertension.

The first cause of obesity is eating food morethan your body can use. Some people eat a lot andget a lot of calories and that mean that caloriesbecome fat and cause obesity. That caused heartdisease. Overweight is considered a major risk factorfor both coronary heart disease and heart attack.Being 20% overweight or more significantly increasesyour risk for developing heart disease.(weightloss.about.com).

Also drinking alcohol can cause obesity.According to noo.org.uk if you drink medium glass ofwhite wine it equals eating one large potato in thecalories and if you drink 50 ml of liqueur it equaleating two sausage. Also another effect is Sleepapnea. If you had problem with obesity you will haveproblem with sleeping. One of my friend he is

overweight and he told me that he has Sleep apnea.The last cause of obesity is don't do exercise.

According to statistic brain, if you someone run for 5miles in 10.9 mph he will burn 1675 calories if hisweight was 205 lbs. The last effect of obesity ishypertension it is when your blood pressure is 140/90mmHg or above most of the time.( National Library ofMedicine).the fat that you are getting from beingobese. Will cause high blood pressure and thescientific name for it is hypertension.

In the end. Be careful and watch your body soyou will not be obese. If you have been obese youwill have coronary heart disease, Sleep apnea andhypertension.

Citationswww.ceper.org/press/DP2055PR.htm

mobile.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17105569

What's The Best?!Talal Alobied (Saudi Arabia)

Do you know many people want to own a

special business? Many of them who have workedwith public or private companies dream to start asmall business, activity, or create a companybecause maybe they a hate their work, feel bored, orthey already have a dream to be a business personfrom a long time ago. On the other hand, an interestswhich get it better than a salary which got of public orprivate companies every last month. Therefore, theywould like to become wealthy, so they believe if theycreate their business, then they will open up moreopportunities, more chances to make more money,and chances to make connections. Also, they areconvinced that free work is better than formal work.

Many people always see rich people and say or askthemselves questions, such as, what is differentbetween them and me? And why I don't have anestablishment or company that gives a good income?

And then I can buy anything that I want and I cantravel to anywhere that I wish!! So, this kind of peoplebelieve it is possible to become wealthy and seek tocarry out the business which they dream about. In myopinion, I prefer to own or create business that betterthan work with public company.

Many people believe if they started a privatebusiness, then they will open up more opportunitiesin the same field of work they work, and they knowhow to exploit chances when they got it. Maybe theywill become famous people. For instance, somebodywho likes an auto trade buys and sells cars is anexpert on how to market by the internet, newspapersand magazines. Sometimes through search andmarketing, they found a perfect chance, they boughta car that is crashed and they fixed it and then sale itwith 60% interest. So, after many years, they made asmall fortune and they has employees who help him,and they earn income income and interest better thana salary when they were employed in a company.Furthermore, many people think if they exploit more

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opportunities then will get more money, not for acompany that they spent all their time with it andultimately earned just a small salary. They think anyeffort will come back with interest. In addition, thepeople of Saudi Arabia have experienced in how tomake import and export business deals anywhere inthe world like. For example, someone who is a traderhas a glass store. He went to China and made a dealto import 5000 glass pieces to Saudi Arabia becauseindustry in China is cheaper than in Saudi Arabia, soprobably he will add profit. Therefore, a trade is wideopen to use.

Moreover, in the future, with time and withgood opportunities, an establishment or a companywill make a wonderful connection with customers whowill become friends, and then a business person willget a lot of business to favor his/her establishment, orin general for the benefit of business. For instance, ifsomebody has a fast food restaurant, and has mealswhich are delicious; in the long run, maybe he willmake a big deal with a government such as theministry of education for the export or supply of mealsto schools, institutes or universities. Then, after he

already became a famous person, he thinks to findanother way international trade, and we haveevidence, like Macdonald's, Burger King, and KFC.

All of them began by idea, small stores, and throughexperience, created a large base. They have beenstronger famous brand names in the field of FastFood right now. So, if someone wants to be wealthy,he really needs something such as be planning, to bepatient, and to exploit opportunities.

In conclusion, was mentioned three reasonsthat make a person own his own work. So, whenpeople feel bored of their work for any cause,certainly they have another way to work a trade. Mr.

Mike Volker "Anyone can start a business. Abusiness can best be described as any activitydesigned to generate a material transaction (e.g.cash exchanged for something received). Somepeople run their businesses as personal businesses -i.e. they are synonymous with that business. Anybusiness income or loss is reported on a personalbasis to the tax department and not by the business.Others incorporate companies in which case theydetach themselves from the business in a legal andtax sense"http://www.sfu.ca/~mvolker/biz/startup.htmTherefore, we need just some skills because it isn'teasy to get the wealth. So, it is necessary to readabout celebrities and benefit from experience. Alsothey should ask if something isn't clear because thewealth needs planning, targets, some adventure,calmness and carrying out.

Should Nuclear Weapon Be Prohibited?Ali Abdulqader (Kurdistan)

Who lives on the planet? Living beings liveon the earth. People have lived on the earth for

thousands of years; the life on earth hastremendously developed since the beginning ofhistory. The fear factor has pushed humans tobelieve that nuclear weapons are important to protectthemselves, due to the ongoing wars and conflictsthat have broken out among human beings. they justthink about one side of nuclear weapon becausethey need that side, this kind of weapon was usedseveral times in history, in addition to many timewhen we use nuclear weapons, we destroyed life onearth. Personally speaking, nuclear weapon shouldbe prohibited, for several reasons such as: it is amajor threat to life on the planet, very expensive, andhard to control.

Many countries utilize nuclear power as arich source for energy, but still affect negatively onlife. Nuclear weapons are a real threat to life onearth, it threatens humanitys survival. When nuclearweapons were first used in World War two, about130,000 people were killed in Hiroshima and another74,000 in Nagasaki. Tens of thousands more peoplewere injured as well; the bombing of both citiesshows how destructive and life threatening nuclear

weapons are. Since that time, atomic weapons powerhas multiplied to cause more damage to life andpeople. Also more countries have possessed nuclearweapons arsenal and the know how produce them.(Asiasociety.org)

Also, this kind of weapon is very expensivebecause it needs advanced technology andexpensive natural elements like Uranium, Plutonium,and Tritium. The US has spent more than 5.5 trilliondollars in developing their nuclear arsenal. Francehas spent about 1.5 trillion dollars and these numbersdo not include the costs of testing(www.nuclearfiles.org). Some countries use nuclear

energy to make energy or power but it is stillexpensive. Now they have a different way to make aenergy like water or solar technology.

The risk is high for those operate andmaintains nuclear reactors operated on elements likedepleted Uranium. These materials are not eco-friendly are hard to control it any accident occurs.The Chernobyl disaster is an example of how hard itis to contain the damage; the accident at the nuclearpower plant in caused a wide range of contaminationin Ukraine in 1986. (asiasociety.org).

In conclusion, nuclear weapons are verydangerous because these kinds of weaponsdestroyed everything like killing people. Everybodyshould think about their life without nuclear weapons?Personally, the world will be better without weaponsbecause human can live with each other; the reasonof the problems in the world is weapons.

Banning SmokingAbdullah Bashawih (Saudi Arabia)

Freedom is a right that everybody should have.But, if someones freedom harms other people itshould be prohibited or banned. So, people want to

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smoke. However, smoking causes harm for otherpeople. Thus, smoking should be banned becausebanning smoking will help us to solve many problemssuch as environment pollution, spreading allergicdiseases, and will also allow people to breathe a pureair

In addition, banning smoking must be illegal.However, smoking is considered as the mostsignificant factors that cause environment pollutionbecause it has a lot of atoms and gases, and some ofthese gases are toxic. In addition, smoking causes airpollution and many diseases that happen as a resultof the burning of cigarettes. According to statisticsthat show the amount of cigarette consumption inYemen reached 508,000 kilometers. So if we throwall of these cigarettes in one line, it will cover thediameter of the earth18 times. http://pnu-t8.blogspot.com/2011/04/1.html. Moreover, a lot ofpeople died, especially children, as a result ofsuffocation. Thus, cigarette smoking is the largestsubstance that pollutes the air.

Everyone is responsible for his healthy. It mightbe right but smoking causes and spread a lot of

diseases such as lung and heart cancer and asthma.Although, non-smokers do not smoke cigarette, they

are exposed to have these diseases. Also, thenumbers of smokers are increasing year by year anddiseases are increasing too. For instance, accordingto Arabic magazine, statistics report the amount ofsmokers in Saudi Arabia will be 10 million by 2020; itmeans the rate of illness will increase, too. So,smoking should be banned to prevent spreadingdiseases.

Finally, some people said the individual right isto do whatever you want. So, smokers should haveright to smoke. However, utilitarian right is to prohibitsmoking because people also should have the rightto pure air. Moreover, forbidding smoking will makethe air cleaner, and help people inhale fresh air too.

In conclusion, freedom says smokers have theright to smoke. However, the utilitarian right, thateverybody will benefit, says prohibiting smoking willhelp people by prevent and avoiding spreadingdiseases and viruses, decreasing the amount ofdeaths, and solving environment pollution.

Sources:http://pnu-t8.blogspot.com/2011/04/1.html

http://arabic.people.com.cn/31662/7005450.html

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WRITING SIXCars

Amro (Saudi Arabia)

I. Introduction:Have you ever imagine living without a car. Most of the people in the word nowadays owns or uses any kind of

transportation. In the meantime Cars are one of the most important transportation in the world today. This paper isgoing to discuss: the history of cars, electric cars and the harms from using cars.

II. All about cars history:It says that more than 100,000, workers, scientists and engineers has created and developed the modern car

(Bellis). The world first practical automobile was built in 1885 by Karl Bens. The word horse power came from longtime ago when people used to use horses, oxen or people to pill their wheeled vehicles. The British has startedusing the word horsepower because, in Europe horses where the most important source of energy. The history ofcars parts has a different story.

The wheels:The wheels were the first thing discovered in the car. They were invented in over than 5,500 years ago

Air bags:

Is one of the safety features that were added later when people started to notice the dangerous of cars.

Breaks:The breaks were invented in 1901 by British inventor Fried Rick Williams, which is safer to use in the car because itmakes the car stop faster. One of the safety futures that were added later in the days is the ABS. The ABS (Anti-

lock breaking system) that decreases stopping distance on dry roads. Car radio:

At first cars were not prepared with a radio system, but in 1929 Paul Calvin as manufacture cars first radio system,he called it Motorola.

Fuels:

At the beginning cars used different kind of fuel. For example, steam electricity and gas, but as you see nowadaysneither one is used as a car fuel because they are more harmful for the environment and there are better fuel to use(The First Cars).

III. The danger of using car:Cars are very important for every person in the world, but at the same time cars are unsafe to use even when itused probably because of many reasons:

Environmental reasons:

The environment can be affected by cars in several ways. Cars produce green house gases such as carbondioxide, which contribute global warming.

Unreasonable driving:

When people drive their cars unreasonably and without thinking of the consequences they will jaborandis theirlives and other people lives to. For example, a teenager who has a car and driving it without thinking of theconsequences he will get himself and other people in danger because his brain didnt grow yet and thats oneof the most dangerous things to do. People who drinks so much alcohol and they think they can handle driving,all they can handle is how to stand up straight, and they will jeopardize people life.

Thefts:

Thefts also uses cars to run away with their. The police couldnt find or arrest every thief because it needs ahard work from the police to catch the criminal without letting enceinte people get harms.

War use:

We cant classify war use of as a good reason because, cars and other transportation have made it easier forcountries to invasion countries, kill people and rip children and women.

IV. Conclusion:

Cars are very important source of transportation but at the same time it harms our environment. Cars needed a lotof time and efforts to develop it. If you car about the environment you better start using electric cars.

Bellis, Mary. "Automobile History The History of Cars and Engines."About.com Inventors. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June2013.

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"The First Cars." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 21 June 2013..

Learning English As a Second LanguageMeshael (Saudi Arabia)

Everybody knows that English have become the first language in the world. Even in foreign countries,which are English is not the spoken language there. They consider English is the global key that enhances theirskill to communicate with different cultural and join societies widely. English also gives us such opportunities towardstudying in foreign universities, being employable, and expanding our relationships around the world .

1- Increased jobs opportunities :-Living in areas that have economic issues will increase your chance to get a great job based on your

ability in English . Many companies which depend on outsource require people who live there and can speakEnglish to contact with them. Using this method will help companies to spend less money for non- native Englishspeakers than native English speakers , in short native speakers will charge companies much money, finallyknowing English is simple way to earn money if you live in poor area . (Reasons for learning English, p1), thebusiness field grow up globally. And having one language is not enough to communicate between two companieswhich have different nation from each other, because of that , recently companies looking for employees who haveEnglish language at least ,so people now consider English as important aspect to get job.( Reasons for learningEnglish, p1). In addition Multiple language speakers are great candidates to have ideal employment, such as position in law enforcement or health care.( Wise Geek,p1). Most of the international business interactions thathappen in different parts of the world use English as a platform. You will hear business people conduct business in

English in Shanghai, Tokyo, Moscow, Budapest, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and many other cities around theglobe. In order to be able to function successfully in the field of international business, communicate with otherbusiness people through email, memos, at conferences, etc., one needs to be able to understand English andexpress thoughts and ideas in English.( 5 Reasons Why You Should Learn English)

2- Relationships And Networking:-According to reasons for learning English , knowing English is going to enhance your ability to communicate withpeople from different culture , areas, and nations .so, you will have International friendships ,although many of usthink that English is a vital tool just in business fields, but it would be abundant if you learn language which linksyou with different relationships. ( Reasons for learning English ,p1). English is not only the main language ofbusiness, but also the main language of social interaction. Although most countries have their own language,English is the one language that unites the entire world. Knowing English is the most important step towardsbecoming a global citizen a person that can live anywhere, thrive anywhere, and speak to anyone. Would it not

be amazing to overcome all communication barriers and be able to exchange thoughts and ideas with someoneyour age, or from your field of work,( 5 Reasons Why You Should Learn English).

3- Difficulties and Problems in learning English:_Anthologized mistakes can be made within learning English process, whether in pronunciation, grammar,orthography and vocabulary usage in addition the problems actually related by the native language of the learner.(Difficulties and problems in learning English). The aim of the present study was to examine whether Chinesedyslexic children had difficulties learning English as a second language given the distinctive characteristics of thetwo scripts. Twenty-five Chinese primary school children with developmental dyslexia and 25 normally achievingchildren were tested on a number of English vocabulary, reading, and phonological processing tasks. It was foundthat the Dyslexia group performed significantly worse than the Control group in nearly all the English measures.(Do Chinese Dyslexic Children Have Difficulties Learning English as a Second Language?).

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PsychopathsSu Jung (South Korea)

Introduction

Nowadays, social phenomenon which is the psychopath crime occurs frequently. Have you thought aboutkidnaping from a psychopath person? Can you imagine this situation? You probably dont want to think of this but ithappened in Korea. These are examples of this case. Kim Kil-tae, the prime suspect in the kidnap killing of a 13-year-old girl in Busan, has a mental status similar to that of two notorious serial killers who were judged as"psychopaths," criminologists and psychiatrists say. Kang was sentenced to death for raping and killing eightpeople, including his wife and mother-in-law. The another serious killer Yoo, who is also on death row, killed a totalof 21 women for unclear reasons. Shocking the country with the fact he also ate the flesh of his victims, Yoo wasincluded on a list of the world's 31 most prolific serial killers by U.S. magazine Life in August last year. However,suspect appears to be impulsive, wayward in personality and overconfident during police questioning. Public had ashock and showed concern about this offenses. What is the psychopath and what is the different comparing othercrimes?

Definition of psychopath ( What is the psychopath? ) brain

According to Wikipedia Psychopathy is a personality ormental disordercharacterized partly by antisocialbehavior, a diminished capacity forremorse, and poorbehavioral controls. As a diagnostic category in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, psychopathy has been replaced by antisocial personalitydisorder(ASPD).

Psychopaths are not a person who is moral individual. They are unstoppable and untreatable predatorswhose violence is planned, purposeful and emotionless. The violence stays out longer until at age 50 or so.Their emotionlessness reflects a detached, fearless, and possibly dissociated state, revealing a low-stateautonomic nervous system and lack of anxiety. It's difficult to say what motivates them - control and dominancepossibly - since their life history will usually show no long-standing bonds with others nor much rhyme to theirreason (other than the planning of violence).

There are 4 different categories of psychopath. The oldest distinction was made by Cleckley back in 1941between primary and secondary.

PRIMARY PSYCHOPATHS do not respond to any other factor; stress, penalty, sympathy. They seem to be able toinhibit their antisocial impulses most of the time, not because of conscience, but because it suits their purpose atthe time. Words do not seem to have the same meaning for them as they do for us. In fact, it's unclear if they evengrasp the meaning of their own words, a condition that Cleckley called "semantic aphasia." They don't follow any

life plan, and it seems as if they are incapable of experiencing any genuine emotion.

SECONDARY PSYCHOPATHS are sensitive from stress so they could get stress easier than normal people alsothey are a guilt-prone. Although stress affects them severely, they easily feel guilty from that. So, they seem toweaker psychopath. They are daring, adventurous, unconventional people who began playing by their own rulesearly in life. They are strongly driven by a desire to escape or avoid pain, but are unable to resist temptation. Astheir anxiety increases toward some forbidden object, so does their attraction to it. They live their lives by the lure oftemptation. Both primary and secondary psychopaths can be subdivided into:

DISTEMPERED PSYCHOPATHS are the kind that seem to fly into a rage or frenzy more easily and more oftenthan other subtypes. Their frenzy will resemble an epileptic fit. They are also usually men with incredibly strong sexdrives, capable of astonishing feats of sexual energy, and seemingly obsessed by sexual urges during a large partof their waking lives. Powerful cravings also seem to characterize them, as in drug addiction, kleptomania,pedophilia, any illicit or illegal indulgence. They like the endorphin "high" or "rush" off of excitement and risk-taking.The serial-rapist-murderer known as the Boston Strangler was such a psychopath.

CHARISMATIC PSYCHOPATHS are attractive and a nasty fibber. These talents are born. Psychopaths use theirtalents and had the people on a string. They usually talk fast, and have a fatal ability to manipulate others to givethey own, even their life. If they are determined to control someone, manipulator could make them lead to death.

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The Characteristic of Psychopath

These are much broader than that of psychopathy. The category of psychopath is seen as included withinthis category but considerably smaller so that only roughly 1 in 5 people with APD is a psychopath (Kiehl andBuckholtz, 2010).

UncaringThe PCL describes psychopaths as being callous and showing a lack ofempathy, traits which the PPI describes ascoldheartedness. The criteria for dissocial personality disorder include a callous unconcern for the feelings ofothers. There are now several lines of evidence that point to the biological grounding for the uncaring nature of thepsychopath. For us, caring is a largely emotion-driven enterprise. The brains of psycopaths have been found tohave weak connections among the components of the brains emotional systems. These disconnects areresponsible for the psychopaths inability to feel emotions deeply. Psychopaths are also not good at detecting fearin the faces of other people (Blair et al., 2004). The emotion of disgust also plays an important role on our ethicalsense. We find certain types of unethical actions disgusting, and this work to keep us from engaging in them andmakes us express disapproval of them. But psychopaths have extremely high thresholds for disgust, as measuredby their reactions when shown disgusting photos of mutilated faces and when exposed to foul odors.

One promising new line of research is based on the recent discovery of a brainnetwork responsible forunderstanding the minds of others. Called the default mode network (because it also performs other tasks and isoperating most of the time when we are awake) it involves a cluster of several different areas in the brains cortex.The first studies have been done on function of this network in psychopaths and as expected there are problemsthere. Different studies have noted aberrant functional connectivity among the parts of the network, along withreduced volume in some of the networks crucial areas.

Shallow emotionsPsychopaths, and to a degree, sociopaths, show a lack of emotion, especially the social emotions, such as

shame, guilt, and embarrassment. Cleckley said that the psychopaths he came into contact with showed a generalpoverty in major affective reactions, and a lack of remorse or shame. The PCL describes psychopaths asemotionally shallow and showing a lack of guilt. Psychopaths are notorious for their lack of fear. When normalpeople are put into an experimental situation where they anticipate that something painful will happen, such as amild electric shock, or a mildly aversive pressure applied to a limb, a brain network activates. Normal people willalso show a clear skin conductance response produced by sweat gland activity. In psychopathic subjects, however,this brain network showed no activity and no skin conductance responses were emitted (Birbaumer et al., 2012).

IrresponsibilityAccording to Cleckley psychopaths show unreliability, while the PCL mentions irresponsibility and the PPI

describes psychopaths as showing blame externalization, i.e. they blame others for events that are actually theirfault. They may admit blame when forced into a corner, but these admissions are not accompanied by a sense ofshame or remorse, and they have no power to change the sociopaths future behavior.

Insincere speechRanging from what the PCL describes as glibness and superficial charm to Cleckleys untruthfulness

and insincerity, to outright pathological lying, there is a trend toward devaluing speech among psychopaths byinflating and distorting it toward selfish ends. The criteria for APD include conning others for personal profit orpleasure. One concerned father of a young sociopathic woman said, I can't understand the girl, no matter howhard I try. It's not that she seems bad or exactly that she means to do wrong. She can lie with the straightest face,and after she's found in the most outlandish lies she still seems perfectly easy in her own mind (Cleckley, 1941, p.47). This casual use of words may be attributable to what some researchers call a shallow sense of word meaning.Psychopaths do not show a differential brain response to emotional terms over neutral terms that normal people do(Williamson et al., 1991). They also have trouble understanding metaphors and abstract words.

OverconfidenceThe PCL describes sociopaths as possessing a grandiose sense of self worth. Cleckley speaks frequently

of the boastfulness of his patients. Hare (1993) describes an imprisoned sociopath who believed he was a worldclass swimmer.

Narrowing of attentionAccording to Newman and his colleagues the core deficit in psychopathy is a failure of what they call

response modulation (Hiatt and Newman, 2006). When normal people engage in a task we are able to alter ouractivity, or modulate our responses, depending on relevant peripheral information that appears after the task hasbegun. Psychopaths are specifically deficient in this ability, and according to Newman, this explains the impulsivity

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of psychopaths, a trait which shows up in several of the lists of criteria, as well as their problems with passiveavoidance and with processing emotions.

Top-down attention tends to be under voluntary control, whereas bottom-up attention happens involuntarily.But bottom-up attention can temporarily capture top-down attention, as when movement in the periphery of ourvisual field attracts our attention. Psychopaths have trouble using top-down attention to accomodate informationthat activates bottom-up attention during a task. In normal people, this process tends to happen automatically.When the hunter is scanning for deer, a rabbit hopping into the periphery of his visual field automatically attracts hisattention. Top-down attentional processes monitor the field of attention for conflicts and resolve them. The standardtask for assessing this is called the Stroop task, in which the subject must state which color words are printed in.The problem is that the words themselves are conflicting color words, such as red printed in blue ink, so thesubjects must suppress a strong inclination to read the words. There are now several studies indicating thatpsychopaths actually perform better than normal people on these tasks perhaps because they are not distracted bythe discrepant color (Hiatt et al., 2004; Newman et al., 1997).

SelfishnessCleckley spoke of his psychopaths showing a pathologic egocentricity [and incapacity for love], which is

affirmed in the PPI by its inclusion of egocentricity among its criteria. The PCL also mentions a parasitic lifestyle.

Inability to plan for the futureCleckley said that his psychopaths showed a failure to follow any life plan. According to the PCL,

psychopaths have a lack of realistic long-term goals, while the PPI describes them as showing a carefreenonplanness.Violence

The criteria for dissocial personality include, a very low tolerance to frustration and a low threshold fordischarge of aggression, including violence. The criteria for antisocial personality disorder include, "irritability andaggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.Philosophers can play a valuable role here in discerning the consequences of all of these findings for our attemptsto build an ethical society. Several questions need addressing. What does the possibility that psychopathy isgenetic say about human nature? What steps can we take to correct psychopaths and which of these is the mostethical? If it is true that psychopaths have damaged or abnormal brains, can we hold them responsible for whatthey do? Are there degrees of psychopathy, so that normal people may possess psychopathic traits?(psychologytoday)

References

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2943160.stm

-"Ten Minute Test Could Spot Killers." BBC News. Ed. Bbc. BBC, 28 May 2003. Web. 19 June 2013.

http://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopathy_aspd_sociopathy.htm-Robert Hare. "Studies in Psychopathy - Quantum Future Group." Studies in Psychopathy - Quantum Future Group.N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013.http://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopath_2.htm-"What Is a Psychopath?" What Is a Psychopath? N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013.http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/03/113_62287.html-"Kim Latest Psychopath to Stun Korea." Kim Latest Psychopath to Stun Korea. By Park Si-soo, n.d. Web. 19 June2013.http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mindmelding/201301/what-is-psychopath-0-William Hirstein, Ph.D. "What Is a Psychopath?" N.p., n.d. Web.

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201212/the-making-serial-killerBerit Brogaard, DMSci, PhD and Kristian Marlow. "The Superhuman Mind." N.p., 7 Dec. 2012. Web.

http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/tick/psych_6.html

-Shirley Lynn Scott. "Psychopaths?" What Makes Serial Killers Tick? Crime Library on TruTV.com. N.p., n.d.Web. 19 June 2013.

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http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivationhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2943160.stmhttp://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopathy_aspd_sociopathy.htmhttp://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopath_2.htmhttp://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/03/113_62287.htmlhttp://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mindmelding/201301/what-is-psychopath-0http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201212/the-making-serial-killerhttp://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/tick/psych_6.htmlhttp://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/motivationhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2943160.stmhttp://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopathy_aspd_sociopathy.htmhttp://www.cassiopaea.com/cassiopaea/psychopath_2.htmhttp://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/03/113_62287.htmlhttp://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mindmelding/201301/what-is-psychopath-0http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201212/the-making-serial-killerhttp://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/tick/psych_6.html


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Documents

The Globe - May/June 2013