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The Global Facility for Disaster
Reduction and Recovery
Bangladesh: Urban Resilience Project
Marc Forni
Table of Contents
BURP Case Study: GFDRR’s Power to leverage investment and convene partners towards large-scale ambitions Rationale for Engagement
GFDRR’s Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program (URP)
Planned and Proposed Investments
Established Partnerships
Dhaka city profile
High vulnerability to seismic events
• Dhaka is ranked among the 20 cities most
vulnerable to earthquakes
• No major earthquakes recently, but 3 events in
the past 2 years
• Major fault is less than 60 km from Dhaka
• 15 million inhabitants and widespread poverty
• Challenges of rapid urbanization
• Complex governance structures
One of the fastest growing cities
Bangladesh weaknesses in DRM
Brittle structures Flammable Slums
But Dhaka is highly vulnerable to urban disasters
Similar to period between 1875 and 1925
Boston
Toronto
Seattle
Spokane
San Francisco
Baltimore
Tokyo
The Same Causes Apply Today
• Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes
• Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies
• Limited infrastructure to support emergency services
• Emergency service providers were not professionalized
Experts believed cities were doomed to never improve
These are the exact same challenges we help our clients confront
today!
A lack of government responsiveness to the needs of their citizens is at
the source of these fires:
Earthquake Risk Mitigation Program
1. Build consensus among stakeholders about seismic risk.
2. Create hazard and vulnerability data platform as a tool for planners,
developers, and policymakers.
3. Generate widespread understanding of seismic hazards and ways in
which risks can be reduced.
4. Develop a seismic engineering certification program to promote
seismic resilient construction.
The program engages stakeholders to increase collective
understanding of risk, identify major disincentives for resilient
development, support planning for prevention, and gradually shift
toward more resilient development.
12
Phased Approach to National Earthquake Risk Management Strategy and Action
Plan
Establishment of Institutional Framework, Data, Communication and Capacity Building Platform
for Multi-stakeholder Engagement
Preliminary Elements for
Dhaka City Strategy
Final Elements for Dhaka
City Strategy
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Education, Communication
and Outreach
Training and Capacity Building Information and Communication
Technology
Platforms for Multi-stakeholder
Engagement
Hazard, Vulnerability and
Risk Analysis
Legal and Institutional
Arrangements
Land Use Planning Disaster Management Systems
Resiliency of Slums and Shelters
Resiliency of Water & Sewage Systems
Development of Dhaka and
National Strategy
Dhaka Earthquake Risk
Management Plan
National Earthquake Risk
Management Strategy
Development of Resiliency
Indicators
Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk
Analysis
Legal and Institutional
Arrangements
Land Use Planning
Capacity Building for Engineers and Builders
Building Code Enforcement and
Implementation Certification of Engineers and
Architects
Training of Masons and Bar Benders
Scaling, Testing
and Validating
Core Elements to Understand Risk
Earthquake Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis • Technical review of studies already completed by other agencies. • Data to provide comprehensive scientific information to relevant decision-makers.
Legal and Institutional Arrangements • Technical review of acts and policies related to disaster risk management.
• Establish clear understanding of institutional linkages and reporting mechanisms.
Land Use Planning • Integrate hazard, vulnerability and risk parameters in existing development plans.
• Develop guidelines and systems for risk-sensitive land use planning.
Disaster/Emergency Management System • Review of current emergency management system and identification of gaps.
• Conceptualize a local Emergency Operations Plan to include Emergency Support Function
System and Incident Response System.
Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program – Phase I
To be implemented by four agencies: The Department of Disaster Management (DDM), Dhaka
North City Corporation (DNCC), the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK), or Capital
Development Authority of GoB, and the Ministry of Planning (PCMU).
$175 million program that seeks to enhance the capacity of relevant
government entities in Dhaka and Sylhet to effectively plan for, respond
to, and recover from, emergency events:
Bangladesh Urban Resilience Program – Phase II
Scaling City-level
Emergency Preparedness &
Response systems by the
strengthening the City
Corporations
1. Seismic vulnerability
reduction and
retrofitting
2. Flood risk mitigation for
Dhaka
Continued technical
assistance to Rajuk, City
Corporations, and Ministry
of Local Government
Phase II will start being implemented in 2016
ARUP
• Facilitating urban response units comprising factories and communities;
• Opportunity to scale up efforts under World Bank-financed funding.
Partnerships JICA
GIZ
• Technical Review Panel that will review and sign off on all seismic resilient construction;
• Three areas where URP and UBSP can finance mutually reinforcing and complementary activities: (a) emergency
management and response; (b) retrofitting fire stations; (c) retrofitting private garment factories, schools, public
administrative buildings and infrastructure;
• Tokyo Hub Partnership to act as a facilitator, particularly with respect to outreach events.
• Developing a Property Catastrophe Insurance pool with two objectives;
1) Transfer a portion of Bangladesh’s financial risk to earthquake;
2) Improve the quality of construction by developing a risk-differentiated financial incentive.
WB BURP
RAJUK URU
FSCD
MoHPW/PWD
1) National Level BNBC Enforcement
• HRD (FSCD) • Control Room (incl Mobile)
• Drill Program • Warehouses • Equipment
3) HRD
2) Building Construction
Technical Review Panel (similar to Building Regulatory Authority)
JICA UBSP/WB BURP Establishment of National Coordination Center
Structural Integrity Emergency Response
DSCC
Retrofitting EOC Establish Emergency Operation Center
• DB of Pvt Critical & essential facilities • Survey of structural vulnerability assessment • Data Sharing Platform
RMG Factories
2) Assessment of existing facilities
3) Building Permission & Approval
• Training for URU • Electronic Construction Permitting • Professional Accreditation Program • Training on BNBC to URU • Develop the process, technical criteria for
BNBC enforcement
Sylhet CC
Retrofit/Remediation (approx. 20 factories) New FSCD HQ 14 Fire Stat.
WB BURP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP
WB BURP
1) Emergency Coordination System
WB
B
UR
P
WB
B
UR
P
WB BURP
4) HRD (PWD/Pvt Engineering firm/Pvt Contractor)
• Training • Seminar • Workshop
JICA UBSP
TRP Review of Design & Construction
Conceptual Collaboration between JICA and WB for Urban Resilience in Bangladesh