Chapter

AP* Sixth Edition

World Civilizations The Global Experience

World War I and Beyond Plus the Russian Revolution Corresponds to Ch 28 and Ch 29 (695-700) in the book

14

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1 - 14622 - 16133 - 17254 - 17965 - 1914

Russia Remains Rare w/ Romanov Absolutism

-Alexander III -Few reforms - Many Russians still living oppressed serf life bound to land

Russification - forced nationalism with Russia….Russian language and Church only…Jews & others persecuted.

-Nicholas IIJapanese Wars….Losses in Manchuria and Korea….Japan! Japan beating Russia! OUCH!

Bloody Sunday - 1905 shoots reform protesters

-Disbanded Parliament….Absolutism continues…

-Revolution….on deck!

Triple EntenteFrance & Russia

(world biggest army, but best?) & Britain

Central PowersGermany

Austria-HungaryItaly

*Ottoman Empire

Alliance System Grows“We got your back Jack!”

Alliances begin after Germany takes part of Eastern France. France allies w/ Russia to “sandwich” Germany, then Britain joins

Franco-Russian Alliance as Germany become Britain biggest European

Industrial Rival….

Powder Keg - BalkansCrossroads Muslims, Orthodox

and Catholic Christians

Serbia - Orthodox and allied with Russia

The Spark.....Austrian Archduke

Ferdinand in Sarajevo killed by Serbian Gavrilo

Princip in 1914Austria declares war on Serbia, who is allied to Russia..others

forced into WW I

Plans and Expectations-Short war…Home by Xmas!

-German Plans - Schlieffen PlanThru Belgium to Paris.. hopeful

“knockout punch” fed by great rail system

Belgium’s alliance with Britain, brings them in to war.

-American Isolationism - Stay out…make $$ from both

sides.

-1915 German submarines sink British Lusitania....100

Americans on board....Anti-German sentiment rises.

to stay out and make a buck!

War’s Beginnings

-1915 Germany advances quickly nearly taking Paris....French saved by the Miracle of the

Marne.....and Parisian Taxis...Video

American Sentiment

Post Marne Miracle - 1915 and beyond...

Western Front- British and French v. GermanyTrench Warfare“Going over the top” into “No Man’s Land”

Eastern Front-Russians v. Germany, A-H, OttomansMore Mobile, still very bloody…million of Russian losses

Southern Front - Italy losses…change sides to Entente!

Germany Provokes America!

-1916-17 German subs sink American trading vessels suppling Entente

-1917 Zimmerman Telegram -Decoded German message to Mexico to join them. Germany will support Mexico taking back the American SW. Authentic?

-1917 - A fresh America joins in the 4th Quarter against exhausted Germans. to help end this!

Unimaginable Deaths....

Near Wars End Impact....1917-1918

-The “Goat Government” - German generals install new government and pass failure to them

- Balfour Declaration - Britain supports Zionist Movement. Jews to Palestine for Jewish State. Nationalism!

-Russian Revolution Begins in 1917 - Russia Drops out.

-Women to Work - Women in factories working. Ties to woman’s rights movement in the West.

-Genocide - Turks upon Armenians - Christiansin Empire…blaming for war and losses…1.5m killed

German Gov’t

Treaty of Versailles Fails!

Outcomes at Versailles - FAILS-Forget Forgiveness! Huge German reparations - $$ to be paid-Austria-Hungary carved up.-Ignored Asians - Chinese call for autonomy ignored.…Japan expands-League of Nations (No USA)-Sliced up Ottomans by French/British

Post WWI Europe

Russian Revolution-Peasant revolts, no food

-Monarchy losing legitimacy-Huge losses of life.

Liberal Parliamentary Gov’t in.Alexander Karensky

Continue War with Allies…BIG FAIL.

Lenin’s Bolsheviks - “Peace, Land, Bread” on deck.“Peace” - Out of WWI - W. Russia to Germany

Red Army - Lenin’s Socialists (Bolsheviks) v. White Army - Supported by US, British…Distrust of West by

Bolsheviks grows…grows…

Totalitarianism - Absolute Rulefewer rights and liberties

Right WingFascism - “support” of aristocracy.

Keep class distinctions.-Hitler and Nazis in Germany-Mussolini’s Blackshirts in Italy

Left WingCommunism - Destroy class distinctionsSoviet Union - Lenin, then Stalin

-Mexican Revolution fought to:-rid foreign control-redistribute land-reign in corrupt leadersSome gains…1 million will die in 1910s-1930s

Mexican Revolution-Neocolonialism - new ECONOMIC imperialism. Foreign investments and support of dictators promising stability and profits for foreigners. Huge backlash among Latin Americans.

Land Problems -Opposite of US - No small tracts of land to people….

Mexican land to rich Americans, foreign investors, and titled Mexican aristocracy.

Corruption Problems - Leaders propped up by foreign capitalists, not supporting people

Military Intervention - US/others use force to support these new policies

India Reforms

Indian Struggles1. Rights for Indians - lots of discrimination

2. 75% Hindu & 25% Muslim

+ reformsEducated Indians - serve on elected councils

v.

-reforms - no freedom of presses

Way 1 - Violent Rebellion - BG TilakWay 2 - “Truth-Force” - Mohandas Ghandi

Other Post WWI Changes in 1920s

Turkey…independenceATATURK- West’s “Thataturk”!!!

-Establishes Turkey - Muslim, but Democratic

Egypt….dependenceBrits give some reform, not complete

Controlling cotton trade and Suez Canal too important

Ataturk