The German Research Landscape -Structures and Funding

Dr Nicole HilbrandtDAAD

DAAD Fachtage 2007 Osaka – October 5-6 2007

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Contents

Introduction

The German research landscape- Research topics- Research institutions- Industrial research

Research funding- Basic concept & budget- Structure of research funding- Types of funding- Funding organizations

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The German Research Landscape

over 250,000 scientists

over 750 publically funded institutions

Funding budget (total):

G: 70 billion US $

Europa: 230 billion US $

USA: 280 billion US $

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The German Research Landscape

The German research landscape is composed of various institutions:

Institutions of higher education

(universities and universities of applied science etc.)

Non-university research organizations

(Max Planck Society, Helmholtz Association,

Fraunhofer Society, Leibniz Association)

Regional and federal institutions

Academies of Science

Industry (companies, AiF etc.)

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Introduction - Historical Development

Founded in 1911: Kaiser Wilhelm Society (MPS from 1948), The competitive advantages of science are recognised by industry and the state

1914-1945 1st World War and Third Reich: Research for military purposes Weimar Republic: Doubling of public funding

Spirit of innovation/creativity up until the global economic crisis Founded in 1920: Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft (DFG from 1951)

1945-1989 Founded in 1949: Fraunhofer Society, by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs 1955 Paris Treaties: Authorization of research in all areas ⇒ Founded by 1960: FZJ; FZK; GKSS; DESY; IPP – Main focus on nuclear research ⇒ Founded by 1960: DLR; DKFZ, AWI (and others form 1995 HGF) by 1970: University expansion

from 1989 Integration of the Academy of Sciences, e.g. founding of: Leibniz Association

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Introduction of the Legal Basis of Research

Art. 5 Par. 3 GG "Basic right to freedom of art and science, research and teaching" ⇒ free choice of subject, especially at universities

Amendment Art. 91b Par. 1 GG"On the basis of agreements, the Federal Government and regional states can, in cases of transregional significance, work together in funding:

1. Institutions and scientific research projects other than universities; 2. Scientific projects and university research; 3. Research facilities at universities, including large-scale equipment. Arrangements made in

accordance with clause 1 No. 2 require the agreement of all regional states."

= Distribution of responsibilities between the Federal Government and the regional states

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German Universities

373 institutions of higher education, including 102 universities 170 universities of applied science 53 universities of music and the arts and film academies

Characteristics of German universities: Combination of research and teaching Broad selection of subject areas Basic research at universities

Source: Federal Statistical Office 2005/06

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Structure of the German Research Landscape

Fraunhofer Society

Leibniz Association

Max Planck Society

Universities

Applied sciencesBasic research

AiF

IndustryHelmholtz Association

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2

4

6

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Siem

ens

VWBM

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Robert Bosc

h

Bayer

Boehringer

Infin

eonSAP

BASF

Germany's 10 most active Research Companies

-15

-5

5

15

25

35

Daimle

rChry

sler

Siem

ens

VWBM

W

Robert Bosc

h

Bayer

Boehringer

Infin

eonSAP

BASF

Umsatz nach Steuer Betriebsgewinn

Source: 2006 EU R&D Investment Scoreboard

Research investments

%€ billion in relation to:

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Inter-disciplinary innovations

Nanotechnology New Materials Microsystems Optical technologies Production technologies Biotechnology

Communication & Mobility

Information & communication Traffic research Logistics Aeronautics and aerospace

Environment & Energy

Energy Environment

Health & Safety

Medical care Medical engineering Safety research

Research topics

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Research expenditure in Germany

Budget (total): 70 billion US $ 92% of which for civil purposes

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Helmholtz Gemeinschaft

Fraunhofer Gesellschaft

Leibniz Gemeinschaft

andere staatliche oder privateForschungsinstitute

48

12

Industry

Universities

Source: Federal Government Report on Research 2006

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Structure of the German Research Landscape

Fraunhofer Society

Leibniz Association

Max Planck Society

Universities

Applied sciencesBasic research

AiF

IndustryHelmholtz Association

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Research funding: Basic concept (simplified schema)

Helmholz

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Structure of the Research Funding

Source: Federal Government Report on Research 2006

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Industry & Foundations Volkswagen Foundation

Investors and Funding Organisations

AvH

DAAD

Regional states

BMBF, BMWA, ...

DFG

etc.

Primary funding bodies

Secondary funding bodies

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Funding via industrial funds

2/3 of the research budget from industry 90% for funding industrial projects (internal/external)

Automotive

IT/Electronics

Chemistry

Engineering

Rest

40 %10 %

17 %

20 %

Source: Federal Government Report on Research 2006

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German Research Foundation (DFG)

• The DFG is the central self-governing scientific institution responsible for funding research at German universities and publically financed research institutions. It serves science in all of its branches, through the financial support of research projects and by funding cooperation between researchers.

• Annual budget 2005: €1,352 billion• Funding budget 2005: €1,304 billion, • 99.5 % public funds, 0.5% third-party funds• approx. 750 employees

• www.dfg.de• Japan: Dr. Krüssmann

Source: www.dfg.de

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Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH)

• The AvH is a non-profit foundation that funds international research cooperation, enables highly-qualified scientists from abroad to undertake long-term research visits in Germany and supports the resulting scientific networks.

• In 2005, the AvH funded approx. 1,800 scientists and students from all over the world.

• The alumni network of the foundation includes 21,954 academics from all subject areas.

• 91% public funds, 2.5% third-party funds, 6.5% other funds• 120 employees

• www.avh.de• Japan: Dr. Mandela

Source: www.avh.de

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• By allocating fellowships, the DAAD funds the professional and personal training of young researchers from abroad at German universities and research institutions and enables outstanding German students, trainees, graduates and young scientists and academics to undertake study and research visits to the best international universities.

• over 50,000 fellowships and grants in 2005 (> 20,000 for Germans, > 30,000 for foreigners)

• Participation in over 170 scientific and educational trade fairs world wide • Annual budget 2005: €247.8 billion• 84% public funds, 12% EU, 4% third-party funds• approx. 550 employees

• www.daad.de• Japan: Dr. Jansen, Tokyo

German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

Source: www.daad.de

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Partnerships with Japan and Korea

Students, Graduates, Ph.D-candidates, scientists,who participate in exchange activities within a partnership agreement

To intesify the personnel exchange on a longterm basis of new or established partnerships, bi- or trilateral between German, Japanese and/or Korean Institutions.

Travel and maintenance up to a maximum of 30.000 €(bilateral), and max. 40.000 € (trilateral)

Funding period up to 3 years (flexible time frame up to one year) ;

http://www.daad.de/hochschulen/kooperation/partnerschaft/partnerschaften-mit-japan-und-korea/05034.de.html

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Many thanks

for your attention!

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Max Planck Society

Top-level basic research

Research fields: Biosciences, neurosciences, epistemology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geosciences, computer sciences, humanities and social sciences

Funding: 82% public funds (federal and regional), 18% membership fees, donations, project funding, own revenue

Annual budget 2006: €1.38 billion

78 research institutions12,400 employees

www.mpg.de

Sources: www.mpg.de , www.bmbf.de

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Leibniz Association

Demand-oriented and inter-disciplinary centers of excellence

Research fields/subjects: Art, humanities, education, economic and social sciences, life sciences, mathematics, natural, engineering and environmental sciences

Funding: 72% institutional funding20% third party

Annual budget 2005: €1.1 billion

83 institutions13,700 employees

www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de

Sources: www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de, www.bmbf.de

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Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers

Deciphering complex systems that determine people and the environment

top-level research in six areas: Energy, earth and environment, health, key technologies, structures and materials, transport and space travel

Funding: 70% public funds, 30% third-party funds and other revenues

Annual budget 2006: €2.25 billion

15 research centers

25,700 employees

www.helmholtz.de Sources: www.helmholtz.de, www.bmbf.de

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Fraunhofer Society

Application-oriented research

Research fields: Signposts to tomorrow's markets, technological and organisational innovations in Europe, e.g. from virtual companies to mechatronics and energy technologies

Annual budget: €125 billion

Funding: 40% public funds (30% basic funding), 60% contract research (2/3 industry)

56 research institutions12,500 employees

www.fraunhofer.de Sources: www.fraunhofer.de, www.bmbf.de

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Federal and Regional Institutions with R&D Functions

54 federal institutions 201 regional institutions

Source: www.bmbf.de

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Industrial Research in Germany

highly-innovative companies

2 out of 3 companies invest in R&D

strong development of research intensive products

(Areas: automobiles, electronics, chemistry and mechanical engineering)

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Institutional Funding

The federal and regional governments jointly fund

research institutions:• Max Planck Society• Fraunhofer Society • Helmholtz Association• Leibniz Association

funding bodies for research projects:• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)• Academy Programme

On its own, the federal government, through allocations or the provision of endowment capital, funds

funding bodies AIF; DBU; DSF

institutions funding young researchers:

• German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)• Alexander von Humboldt Foundation• Working Group for the Promotion of Gifted Students

to ensure the strategic orientation of the research landscape 1/4 of all state funds (federal and regional); 2/3 of which is from the Federal Government

Source: www.bmbf.de

etc.

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Project funding

Funding via funding or specialist programmes resulting from an application for a temporary project in individual projects or as joint research

Direct project research: in selected research fields, in order to achieve/maintain an internationally high level of performance Indirect project funding: for technological projects for the development of infrastructures, cooperation and personal exchange

Recipients: Research institutions and companies (esp. KMU)

Implementation: Project organizer (DFG)

Source: www.bmbf.de

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Federal and Regional Institutions with R&D Functions

54 federal and 201 regional institutions

Research with the goal of acquiring scientific knowledge for carrying out the functions of a department or ministry(policy research)

e.g. Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Center for the History and Culture of East Central Europe, Middle East Center, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Institute forMaterial Engineering Bremen, Institute for Composite Materials

Sources: Federal Government Report on Research 2006, DFG Funding-Ranking 2003