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Dr. Marc Ellens
THE FUTURE OF MATERIAL COMMUNICATION VIA THE APPEARANCE EXCHANGE FORMAT
AXF
EI 2017: MATERIAL APPEARANCE
Appearance is much more than just color or a picture.
It’s the complete visual sensation through which an object is perceived.
Color Transparency TranslucencyTextureGloss
WHAT IS APPEARANCE?
APPEARANCE Observer
Scene
Material
Geometry
TOTAL APPEARANCE CAPTURE IS THE DIGITIZATION OF MATERIALS WITH TRUE, FULL APPEARANCE MEASUREMENT
Context
INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS TOTAL APPEARANCE CAPTURE?
Accuracy
TOTAL APPEARANCE CAPTUREIS THE DIGITIZATION OF MATERIALSWITH TRUE, FULL APPEARANCE MEASUREMENT
TEXTURE SCANNER
ARTISTIC PROCESSESPLAUSIBLE COLORDECLINING ACCURACY WITH INCREASING MATERIAL COMPLEXITY
ARBITRARY RESULTS DEPENDING ON ARTISTIC SKILLS OF OPERATORTYPICALLY OPTIMIZED FOR A SPECIFIC SCENE
PHYSICALLY CORRECT AS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS
HIGH ACCURACY EVEN FOR COMPLEXMATERIALS
SCENE INDEPENDENT
FULL APPEARANCEMEASUREMENT
6
PROCESSING MATERIAL EDITING THE VIRTUAL LIGHT BOOTHENABLES QUALITY ASSESSMENT BETWEEN THE REAL AND THE VIRTUAL MATERIAL
RENDERING APPLICATIONS READ THE AXF FORMAT
HOW IS A MATERIAL VIRTUALIZED?
543
AXF FILE FORMAT – FUNCTIONALITY
• Describes appearance
• Is device-neutral, platform-independent
• Makes appearance exchangeable and transportable
• Supports encryption of proprietary data
• Allows material certification
• Connects to real-world materials and SKUs
APPEARANCE FILE FORMAT
• Scalable
• General
– Extensible
– Self-describing
• Compatible with normal workflows
• Secure
• Based on HDF5
• Binary
• Block accessible
• Extensible (XML style)
• Self-describing (XML style)
• Standard SVBRDF
• Supports block encryption
REQUIREMENTS ATTRIBUTES
CXF VS. AXF
Color eXchange Format Appearance eXchange Format
CxF AxF
Color Appearance – texture, gloss, surface micro-texture, and transparency
Developed in the early 2000s Newly developed
ISO 17972 It is our intent that AxF gets the same wide adoption as CxF
AxF is complimentary to the CxF format and is able to store CxF based color information
AxF-Root
AXF DETAILS
ColorSpec
DeviceSpec
MaterialCollection
Color space, primaries, illuminants, etc.
Device information, acquisition properties
Main data set for the material
Color space, primaries, illuminants, etc.
Device information, acquisition properties
Main data set for the material
AxF-Root
AXF DETAILS
ColorSpec
DeviceSpec
MaterialCollection
MaterialCollection
AXF DETAILS
Metadata
Representation
Resources
PLM, processing data, user-defined data
High-level information about the models being used, the models’ parameters, and referencing information
Referenced data: Multiple representations share resources
SEMANTICS
DATA
HIERARCHY OF MODELING FUNCTIONS
BSSRDF
BTF SVBRDF
8D
6D
Sub-surface Scattering
4D BRDF
3D
Texture Maps
Isotropic BRDF
2D
Surface Light Fields
Isotropic SVBRDF5D
BTDF
HomogeneousHeterogeneous
SDK
AXF DATA ACCESS
Textures (data)
Query (function)
ApplicationRecombine Efficient
Output
Easy Output
Custom (target)
Ideal Output
X-RITE, INCORPORATED
30
COATED LEATHER
CLEAR COAT NORMAL MAP
DIFFUSE ALBEDO MAP
NORMAL MAP
ROUGHNESS MAP
SPECULAR COLOR MAP
X-RITE, INCORPORATED
31
THERMOFORM TEXTILE
DIFFUSE ALBEDO MAP
DISPLACEMENT MAP
NORMAL MAP
ROUGHNESS MAP
SPECULAR MAP
X-RITE, INCORPORATED
32
LINEN FABRIC
DIFFUSE ALBEDO MAP
NORMAL MAP
SPECULAR COLOR MAP
ROUGHNESS MAP
ALPHA MAP
TOTAL APPEARANCE CAPTURE ECOSYSTEM
Digital Material Creation
Digital Material Communication
Digital Material Visualization
X-Rite
TAC7 (USA)Scanning ServiceDOME (Switzerland)
X-Rite
Pantora
VRED™ Professional 2016VRED™ Professional 2017
Iray® SDK 2.2016
KeyShot® 6.2
AxF SDK
Virtual Light Booth
X-RITE HISTORY OF APPEARANCE
1 2 3• The consumer camera
DOME (2009) was equipped with 151 Canon PowerShot G9 digital consumer cameras.
• The original Setuo with a robotic arm and a single camera and a single light source (2003)
• DOME 2.0 with 11 industry grade cameras and almost 200 LEDs (2011)
X-RITE APPEARANCE ROADMAP
Direction of increasing business
relevance
39
Search
Navigate
Naming
Referencing
PANTONE®
Material Nomenclature
Ontology
Classify
Categorize
PMNLibrary
Global Appearance
Platform(GAP)
Factorize
Edit
Compare
Differentiate
Calibration
Inter-Instrument Agreement
(IIA)
Repeatability
Netprofiler
APP
dE Appearance
Capture Communicate VisualizeNOWCOMMUNICATE
NEXTFROM NODE TO WORKFLOW
THEN AGGREGATE & VIRTUALIZE
Node
Cloud
Workflow
SVBRDF
Clearcoat
SVBRDF
Displacement Map
SVBRDF
Spectral data
CPA 2.0
Improved Flake Model
Clearcoat
Index of Refraction Map
Normal Map (Orange Peel)
AXF ROADMAP
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
SVBRDF
BTF
CPA 1.0
SVBRDF
Fresnel Map
Clearcoat
Index of Refraction Map
Normal Map
Alpha MapCPA 2.1
Spectral data
Improved BTF flake model
Improved color table
FEB 2017JUL 2016APR 2016OCT 2015APR 2015
Dates provided list planned availability of the AxF SDK for 3rd party integration. Release cycle for X-Rite products follow different schedule.
Information provided is subject to change without prior notice.
Non- refracting
MDL compatibility
Coming Soon…
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Materials and Effects
• Fluorescence
• Translucence
• Large format materials
• Polarization
Processing
• Material category detection
• Automatic model selection
Standardization
• Instrument correlation
• Standards correlation
• Separability
• Appearance metrics
Generation
• Formulation
• Hand-held modification
QUESTIONSFind additional information at:
xrite.com/total-appearance-capture