Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

The Edgar L. and Harold H. Buttner Chair of EECS,

University of California at Berkeley

THE FUTURE OF FUTURE? COMBINING PHYSICAL SYSTEMS WITH CYBER SYSTEMS

Outline

• The future of the Information world

• Precision medicine

– Measuring physical processes

– Brain Machine Interfaces

– Close Loop Systems

• Final Considerations

The Emerging IT Scene!

Infrastructural

core

Sensory

swarm

Mobile

access

3

The Cloud!

Courtesy: J. Rabaey

Enabled by Moore’s Law

S

N

P

S

CMOS Bipolar, NMOS ?

100nm

Fe

atu

re s

ize (

nanom

ete

rs )

PentiumPro PentiumIII

Intel8080

Intel386

Pentium

1000nm

10nm

1nm 1970 1980 1990 2001 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Intel486

IA-64

C

D

N

Computers and mobiles to disappear!

The Immersed Human Real-life interaction between humans and cyberspace, enabled by enriched input

and output devices on and in the body and in the surrounding environment Courtesy: J. Rabaey

Predictions: 7 trillions devices servicing 7 billion people!

1,000 devices per person by 2025

6

Intelligent systems that gather, synthesize and apply information will change the way entire industries operate.

Smart water Apply monitoring and management technologies to help optimize the availability, delivery, use, and quality of water as well as related systems including energy and chemical treatment.

Smart traffic Use real-time traffic prediction and dynamic tolling to reduce congestion and its byproducts while positively influencing related systems.

Smart energy Analyze customer usage and provide customized products and services that help to boost efficiency from the source through the grid to the end user.

Water

Energy

Chemicals

Carbon emissions

Congestion

Public transportation

Smart home

Carbon emissions

Energy sources

Energy grid

Energy

Noise pollution

Obama Initiative

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release

September 14, 2015

FACT SHEET: Administration Announces New “Smart Cities”

Initiative to Help Communities Tackle Local Challenges and

Improve City Services

Outline

• The future of the Information world

• Precision medicine

– Measuring physical processes

– Brain Machine Interfaces

– Close Loop Systems

• Final Considerations

Precision Medicine

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release

January 30, 2015

FACT SHEET: President Obama’s Precision Medicine Initiative

To customize treatment, need to measure, identify, model

and act on physical processes in the body

Wearable Computers / Body Sensor Networks

Sensors

Processing Unit

Communication

Data or Information

Feedback

Information Retrieval

Courtesy: Roozbeh Jafari

Measuring the heart VITAL SIGN CLINICAL / HOSPITAL MONITORING

6B DISPOSABLE WIRED SENSORS ANNUALLY DOMINATED BY ECG

Today

Benefits HIGH PRODUCTIVITY

REDUCED INFECTION

PATIENT SAFETY

BETTER OUTCOMES

HMicro:

“Just Cuts the Wires”

No Other Change

FOR IN-CLINIC AND REMOTE MONITORING

Multiple System Configurations

WiPP Based Universal Patches

WiPP AP

Secure Cloud and Data Center

BIG DATA

Wi-Fi Devices

AMBULATORY / REMOTE

2

WiFi

HOSPITAL / CLINIC

WiFi, UWB

1

Healthcare Providers

[ 12 ] C ONFIDE NT IAL AND PROPRIE T ARY

Chip Enables Optimized Patches

LOW COST

ROBUST RADIOS

LOW POWER

COIN BATTERY

SYSTEM-ON-CHIP

SUPPORTS OEM’S SOFWARE

Compact Patch to Support Many Vital Sign Sensors

ECG (MULTI-TRACE)

HEART RATE

RESPIRATION

SpO2

TEMPERATURE

HYDRATION

ACCELEROMETER

DERIVED BLOOD PRESSURE

MICROPHONE

Clinical Quality Open Platform

Hmicro Team BOD (Investors)

Scientific Advisors

Dr. Matthew DeVane, MD • Practice, Cardiovascular Consultants

Medical Group

Prof Charles Feldman • Lecturer, Medicine, Harvard • Director, Vascular Profiling Lab

DR. SURENDAR MAGAR President & CEO - Co-invented and developed TI TMS320 - Co-founded Athena (acqd. by Broadcom)

GEORGE PAPA Chief Commercial Officer - 35+ years technology industry - Intel, Level One, Marvell, Altera…

YANNI WANG VP, Administration & Controller - Over 20 years in finance, HR & admin - Spreadtrum, Innospring, Optoplex…

PROF ALI NIKNEJAD Chief Technologist - University of California, Berkeley - Director, Berkeley Wireless Research Ctr.

THOMAS VARGHESE VP, Engineering (GM, HMicro India) - 20+ years in wireless communications - Broadcom, Athena Semi, Wipro …

PROF RANDALL LEE, MD Chief Medical Scientist - University of California, San Francisco - Electrophysiology, arrhythmias, vascular

KIM TOMPKINS, RN VP, Regulatory & Clinical Affairs - 25+ years medical device experience - Teleflex, Boston Scientific, Medtronic…

PROF A. SANGIOVANNI-VINCENTELLI Executive Consultant - University of California, Berkeley - Cofounder and BOD member, Cadence

N.D. Reddy (Chair) • Ex-CEO, Alliance Semi

Michael Borrus • GP/Founder, XSeed Capital

Robert Dobkin • Founder/CTO, Linear Technology Corp

Tuff Yen • President/Founder, Seraph Group

Google Lens Brian Otis, U. Washington and Google X, former PhD at Berkeley

The BRAIN Initiative

The White House

Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release

April 02, 2013

Fact Sheet: BRAIN Initiative

Today, our scientists are mapping the human brain to unlock the

answers to Alzheimer’s… Now is not the time to gut these job-

creating investments in science and innovation. Now is the time to

reach a level of research and development not seen since the

height of the Space Race.”

- President Barack Obama, 2013 State of the Union

17 Courtesy: J. Rabaey

Towards Integrated Wireless Implanted Interfaces: Internet of Things and…. Humans

[Illustration art: Subbu Venkatraman]

Power budget: mWs to

1 mW

Moving the state-of-the-art

in wireless sensing

ADC LNA

electrode

s

DSP

memor

y

Tx

regulato

r

cloc

k

Brain-Machine Interfaces

[Sources: National Institutes of Health, Neurology journal]

[Lebedev, SA, 2006]

[ Nicolelis, Nature, 2001]

Cortera Neurotechnologies

• Cortera’s HD-μECoG arrays are an optimal

solution for high-resolution subdural or

epidural neural recordings. Cortera offers a

catalog of configuration options ranging

from small electrode pitches ≺100μm to

large area coverage (≻1cm2), and supports

full designs customization. All electrodes

are patterned on ultra-thin, transparent,

biocompatible polymer, and are highly

conformal, which ensures optimal tissue

coupling.

Cortera: the Team

v2.0, 3.0: Mecynorrhina and radio: M. Maharbitz, UCB

4 V, 8.5 mAh, 350 mg microbattery

Initiation and Cessation of Flight

single DC pulse

response time

# of waves

stimulus start stimulus stop

Potential Problems

• Invasiveness

• Rejection

• Difficult implantation process

• Power sourcing

• Heat creation

• Misuse

• Privacy

• Security

Development of foundational technologies:

• Tools for hiding information and managing

complexity

• Core components that can be used in

combination reliably

Platform-based Design Environment for Synthetic Biological Systems (D. Densmore, Boston University)

Synthetic Biology:

The creation of novel biological functions and tools by

modifying or integrating well-characterized biological

components into higher-order systems using

mathematical modeling to direct the construction

towards the desired end product.

Building life from the ground up (Jay Keasling, UCB)

26

BioBricks

Final Words of Wisdom

27

Practice

Plug and Pray!

Design Challenges: Plug and Play?

29

Science: Principles not Techniques

Conclusions

• High degree of complexity and broad range of the problems

require multidisciplinary teams of scientists and engineers to

identify and address barriers limiting quality of life, independence

for chronically ill and elder individuals.

• Brain-Machine Interfaces open new vistas on human interactions

and the roles of machines: the Internet of Everything.

• Social, safety and security problems have to be addressed