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AGVPEF^CVAEG

Kaon bmgy iukkkagh deurgnys+ tjas `eeo `nhmg get watj mg"

swnrs `ut watj m qunstaeg' Nahjt ynmrs mhe+ wjng A wms eg

tjn remf+ sebnegn msonf bn4 Xjmt mrn tjn fravnrs ei hke`mk

cjmghn5 A kastnf snvnrmk ei tjn usumk suspncts mgf knit at mt tjmt' Qnt tjngnxt bergagh+ eg tjn kegh pkmgn ffahjt jebn+ tjn qunstaeg onpt pukkagh

bn `mco+ fnbmgfagh tjmt A mgswnr at bern prncasnky mgf mccurmtnky

get `y rnkyagh eg prncegcnavnf fehbm `ut `y knttagh tjn nbnrhagh nva"

fngcn m`eut mg nbnrhagh werkf tmon bn wjnrn at weukf' Vjn qunstaeg+ at

turgnf eut+ jmf m iuturn ei ats ewg' A stmrtnf mg eutkagn eg by cebputnr

mgf spngt snvnrmk jeurs kastagh jnmfaghs mgf su`jnmfaghs+ tjng cjmghagh

tjnar rmgo erfnr mgf rnkmtavn bmhgatufn+ bevagh tjnb ireb egn cmtnhery

te mgetjnr mgf kkagh ag bern mgf bern fntmaks mitnr nmcj rnrnmfagh'Ms A spngt tjn ngsuagh ynmrs rmasagh mwmrngnss m`eut ckabmtn cjmghn

mgf pursuagh m usagnss cmrnnr+ A cegtagunf te rnvasat+ rnvasn+ mgf sjmrpng

tjn eutkagn ugtak gmkky+ twe ynmrs mhe+ A cegckufnf tjmt at weukf get

knmvn bn mkegn ugtak A fuh ag mgf tranf te tjereuhjky mgswnr tjn qunstaeg

tjmt jmf turgnf agte sebntjagh ei mg e`snssaeg'

Xjmt nbnrhnf wms tjas `eeo+ m `eeo m`eut tjn sax best abpertmgt

fravnrs ei hke`mk cjmghn+ jew tjny mrn cegvnrhagh mgf agtnrmctagh watj

egn mgetjnr+ wjnrn tjny mrn tmoagh us+ mgf jew wn ms jubmg `naghs

f k ` k a aka ta ` t ii t tj tj j

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xav | AGVPEF^CVAEG

bust tjago irnsjky mgf cknmrky m`eut tjn crucamk cjeacns tjmt cegiregt us

ms m rnsukt ei4

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei m fnnpky agtnrceggnctnf hke`mk ncegeby tjmtagcrnmsaghky epnrmtns ms m iukky agtnhrmtnf jekastac ngtaty watj m

cebpkntnky gnw mgf faiinrngt rnkmtaegsjap te cmpatmk ffews+ km`er+

cegsubnr bmronts+ mgf gmtaegmk hevnrgbngts tjmg ag tjn pmst?

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei m pkmgnt"wafn nknctregac cebbugacmtaegs hraf

ceggnctagh tjn tjeuhjts mgf innkaghs ei `akkaegs ei pnepkn mgf

kagoagh tjnb te rmpafky nxpmgfagh vekubns ei fmtm+ te m imst hrew"

agh wn` ei sngsers `nagh nb`nffnf u`aquateusky tjreuhjeut tjn

werkf+ mgf te agcrnmsaghky agtnkkahngt fnvacns+ re`ets+ mgf tjagoagh

bmcjagns+ tjn sbmrtnst ei wjacj mkrnmfy nxcnnf tjn cmpm`akatans

ei jubmgs ag pnrierbagh m hrewagh kast ei fascrntn bngtmk tmsos

mgf bmy seeg surpmss us ag bmgainstmtaegs ei agtnkkahngcn wn jmvn

mkwmys mssubnf weukf rnbmag tjn ugaqun prevagcn ei eur spncans?

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei m cebpkntnky gnw `mkmgcn ei pekatacmk+ nce"

gebac+ mgf bakatmry pewnr ag tjn werkf tjmt as rmfacmkky faiinrngt

ireb tjn nquaka`raub tjmt cjmrmctnraznf tjn sncegf jmki ei tjntwngtantj cngtury+ furagh wjacj tjn ^gatnf Stmtns ei Mbnracm

prevafnf hke`mk knmfnrsjap mgf stm`akatysjaitagh agffungcn mgf

agatamtavn ireb Xnst te Nmst+ ireb wnmktjy ceugtrans te rmpafky

nbnrhagh cngtnrs ei pewnr tjreuhjeut tjn werkf+ ireb gmtaeg"

stmtns te pravmtn mcters+ mgf ireb pekatacmk systnbs te bmronts?

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei rmpaf ugsustmagm`kn hrewtjag pepukmtaeg?

catans? rnseurcn cegsubptaeg? fnpkntaeg ei tepseak+ irnsjwmtnr sup"

pkans+ mgf kavagh spncans? pekkutaeg ffews? mgf ncegebac eutput

tjmt as bnmsurnf mgf huafnf `y mg m`surf mgf fastertnf snt ei

ugavnrsmkky mccnptnf bntracs tjmt `kagfs us te tjn fnstructavn ceg"

snqungcns ei tjn snki"fncnavagh cjeacns wn mrn reutagnky bmoagh?

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei m rnvekutaegmry gnw snt ei pewnriuk `aekehacmk+

`aecjnbacmk+ hngntac+ mgf bmtnramks scangcn tncjgekehans tjmt mrn

ngm`kagh us te rncegstatutn tjn bekncukmr fnsahg ei mkk sekaf bmt"

tnr+ rnwnmvn tjn im`rac ei kain atsnki+ mktnr tjn pjysacmk ierb+ trmats+cjmrmctnrastacs+ mgf prepnrtans ei pkmgts+ mgabmks+ mgf pnepkn+ snazn

a k k a j a ka fa afa

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AG VPEF^CVAEG | xv

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei m rmfacmkky gnw rnkmtaegsjap `ntwnng tjn mh"

hrnhmtn pewnr ei jubmg cavakazmtaeg mgf tjn Nmrtjs ncekehacmk

systnbs+ agckufagh nspncamkky tjn best vukgnrm`kntjn mtbe"

spjnrn mgf ckabmtn `mkmgcn upeg wjacj tjn cegtagunf ffeurasjaghei jubmgoagf fnpngfsmgf tjn `nhaggagh ei m bmssavn hke`mk

trmgsierbmtaeg ei eur ngnrhy+ agfustramk+ mhracukturmk+ mgf cegstruc"

taeg tncjgekehans ag erfnr te rnnstm`kasj m jnmktjy mgf `mkmgcnf

rnkmtaegsjap `ntwnng jubmg cavakazmtaeg mgf tjn iuturn'

Vjas `eeo as fmtm"fravng mgf as `msnf eg fnnp rnsnmrcj mgf rnpertagh

get spncukmtaeg+ mkmrbasb+ gmvn eptabasb+ er `kun"soy cegdncturn' At

rnprnsngts tjn cukbagmtaeg ei m buktaynmr niiert te agvnstahmtn+ fncapjnr+

mgf prnsngt tjn `nst mvmakm`kn nvafngcn mgf wjmt tjn werkfs knmfagh

nxpnrts tnkk us m`eut tjn iuturn wn mrn gew ag tjn precnss ei crnmtagh'

Vjnrn as m cknmr cegsngsus tjmt tjn iuturn gew nbnrhagh wakk `n nx"

trnbnky faiinrngt ireb mgytjagh wn jmvn nvnr ogewg ag tjn pmst' At as m

faiinrngcn get ei fnhrnn `ut ei oagf' Vjnrn as ge praer pnraef ei cjmghn

tjmt rnbetnky rnsnb`kns wjmt jubmgaty as m`eut te nxpnrangcn' Xn jmvn

hegn tjreuhj rnvekutaegmry pnraefs ei cjmghn `niern+ `ut gegn ms pew"nriuk er ms prnhgmgt watj tjn irmtnrgmk twagspnrak mgf eppertugatyms

tjn egns tjmt mrn `nhaggagh te ugiekf' Ger jmvn wn nvnr nxpnrangcnf

se bmgy rnvekutaegmry cjmghns ugiekfagh sabuktmgneusky mgf cegvnrhagh

watj egn mgetjnr'

Vjas as get m `eeo prabmraky m`eut tjn ckabmtn crasas+ tjeuhj tjn cka"

bmtn crasas as egn ei tjn sax nbnrhngt cjmghns tjmt mrn quacoky rnsjmpagh

eur werkf+ mgf ats agtnrmctaeg watj tjn etjnr vn fravnrs ei cjmghn jms

rnvnmknf te bn gnw wmys te ugfnrstmgf at' Ger as at prabmraky m`eut tjn

fnhrmfmtaeg ei fnbecrmcy ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtns mgf tjn fysiugctaegmkaty

ei hevnrgmgcn ag tjn werkf cebbugatytjeuhj A cegtagun te `nkanvn

tjmt tjnsn knmfnrsjap crasns bust `n rnsekvnf ag erfnr ier jubmgoagf te

rnckmab cegtrek ei eur fnstagy' Agfnnf mkk sax ei tjnsn nbnrhngt rnveku"

taegmry cjmghns mrn tjrnmtngagh te evnrtmon us mt m bebngt ag jastery

wjng tjnrn as m fmghnreus vmcuub ei hke`mk knmfnrsjap'

Gnatjnr as tjas m bmgainste agtngfnf te kmy tjn hreugfwero ier sebniuturn pekatacmk cmbpmahg' A jmvn rug ier pekatacmk eicn eitng ngeuhj ag

j Vj d o A i f ff a ` j j A j

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xva | AGVPEF^CVAEG

tjn trutj ms mgy werfs A cmg subbeg ag fnscra`agh by mttatufn tewmrf

pekatacs4 A mb m rncevnragh pekatacamg mgf tjn cjmgcns ei m rnkmpsn jmvn

`nng fabagasjagh ier kegh ngeuhj te agcrnmsn by cegfngcn tjmt A wakk

get succub` te tjmt tnbptmtaeg mhmag' Ag tjn Cegckusaeg+ jewnvnr+ yeuwakk gf m rncebbngfnf mhngfm ier mctaeg tjmt as `msnf eg tjn mgmkysas

ag tjas `eeo'

M GNX KMX EI GMV^PN

Ms m yeugh irnsjbmg bnb`nr ei tjn ^'S' Jeusn ei Pnprnsngtmtavns

nknctnf ag =189+ A deagnf m gnw apmrtasmg hreup ei ceghrnssbng mgf sng"

mters ogewg ms tjn Ceghrnssaegmk Cknmraghjeusn eg tjn Iuturn+ ieugfnf

`y tjn kmtn Cjmrkan Pesn ei Gertj Cmrekagm'$ Ag by sncegf tnrb+ Pesn

msonf bn te succnnf jab ms cjmar ei tjn hreup' Xn erhmgaznf werosjeps

eg tjn abpkacmtaegs ei gnw tncjgekehans mgf scangtac fascevnrans mgf

bnt watj knmfnrs ag usagnss mgf scangcn' Mbegh eur etjnr agatamtavns+ wn

pnrsumfnf mkk 0

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AGVPEF^CVAEG | xvaa

\rahehagns fascevnry wms tjmt mg epng systnbtjmt as+ m systnb

tjmt abperts ffews ei ngnrhy ireb eutsafn tjn systnb agte at+ tjreuhj

at+ mgf eut mhmagget egky `rnmos fewg+ `ut ms tjn ffew ei ngnrhy ceg"

taguns+ tjn systnb tjng rnerhmgaznsatsnkimt m jahjnr knvnk ei cebpknxaty'Ag m sngsn+ tjn pjngebngeg fnscra`nf `y \rahehagn as tjn eppesatn ei

ngtrepy' Snki"erhmgazmtaeg+ ms m kmw ei gmturn mgf ms m precnss ei cjmghn+

as truky mstegasjagh' Xjmt at bnmgs as tjmt cebpknx gnw ierbs cmg nbnrhn

spegtmgneusky tjreuhjsnki"erhmgazmtaeg'

Cegsafnr tjn agcrnmsnf ffews ei agierbmtaeg tjreuhjeut tjn werkf

iekkewagh tjn agtrefuctaeg ei tjn Agtnrgnt mgf tjn Xerkf Xafn Xn`'

Nknbngts ei tjn ekf agierbmtaeg pmttnrg `nhmg te `rnmo fewg' Bmgy

gnwspmpnrs wngt `mgorupt+ rnmfnrsjap sjmrpky fnckagnf ag best etj"

nrs+ `eeosterns cegsekafmtnf mgf ckesnf' Bmgy `usagnss befnks `ncmbn

e`sekntn' @ut tjn gnw nbnrhngt pmttnrg knf te tjn snki"erhmgazmtaeg ei

tjeusmgfs ei gnw `usagnss befnks+ mgf vekubns ei egkagn cebbugacm"

taeg fwmrgh tjesn tjmt cjmrmctnraznf tjn werkf ei tjn pragtagh prnss'

Vjn Nmrtj atsnki+ wjng vanwnf ms m wjekn+ as mkse mg epng systnb' At

abperts ngnrhy ireb tjn sug tjmt ffews agte mgf tjreuhj tjn nkm`ermtn

pmttnrgs ei ngnrhy trmgsinr tjmt bmon up tjn Nmrtj systnb+ agckufaghtjn ecnmgs+ tjn mtbespjnrn+ tjn vmraeus hnecjnbacmk precnssnsmgf kain

atsnki' Vjn ngnrhy tjng ffews ireb tjn Nmrtj `mco agte tjn ugavnrsn sur"

reugfagh at ms jnmt ngnrhy ag tjn ierb ei agirmrnf rmfamtaeg'

Vjn nssngcn ei tjn nbnrhngt crasas ei hke`mk wmrbagh as tjmt wn

mrn abpertagh ngerbeus mbeugts ei ngnrhy ireb tjn crust ei tjn Nmrtj

mgf nxpertagh ngtrepy *tjmt as+ prehrnssavn faserfnr! agte tjn prnvaeusky

stm`kn+ tjeuhj fygmbac+ ncekehacmk systnbs upeg wjacj tjn cegtagunf

ffeurasjagh ei cavakazmtaeg fnpngfs' Vjnsn gnw ffews ei ngnrhy+ erahagmkky

abpertnf te tjn Nmrtj ireb tjn sug mhns mhe+ jmvn nng stm`akaznf ugfnr"

hreugf ier bakkaegs ei ynmrs ms agnrt fnpesats ei cmr`eg'

@y be`akazagh tjnb mgf agdnctagh tjn wmstn prefucts ireb tjnar

ceb`ustaeg agte tjn mtbespjnrn+ wn mrn `rnmoagh fewg tjn stm`kn cka"

bmtn pmttnrg tjmt jms pnrsastnf sagcn get kegh mitnr tjn ngf ei tjn kmst

Acn Mhn tng bakknggam mhe' Vjas wms get kegh `niern tjn rst catans mgf

tjn `nhaggagh ei tjn Mhracukturmk Pnvekutaeg+ wjacj `nhmg te sprnmf agtjn vmkknys ei tjn Gakn+ Vahras+ Nupjrmtns+ Agfus+ mgf Qnkkew ravnrs :+

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faiinrngt ireb tjn egn te wjacj eur ngtarn cavakazmtaeg as tahjtky cegh"

urnf mgf watjag wjacj wn jmvn tjravnf'

Xjakn \rahehagns fascevnry ei tjas gnw kmw ei gmturn bmy snnb mr"

cmgn+ ats abpkacmtaegs ier tjn wmy wn sjeukf tjago m`eut tjn iuturn mrnpreieugf' Vjn befnrg bnmgagh ei tjn werf nbnrhngcn+ mgf tjn ng"

tarn nkf ei ogewknfhn ogewg ms cebpknxaty tjnery+ mrn `etj fnravnf

ireb \rahehagns wero' Vjn betavmtaeg ier jas nxpkermtaeg ei nbnrhngcn

wms jas pmssaeg ier ugfnrstmgfagh jew tjn iuturn `ncebns arrnvnrsa`ky

faiinrngt ireb tjn pmst' Jn wretn tjmt+ havng by agtnrnst ag tjn cegcnpt

ei tabn+ at wms egky gmturmk tjmt by mttngtaeg wms iecusnf eg ' ' ' tjn

stufy ei arrnvnrsa`kn pjngebngm+ wjacj bmfn se bmgainst tjn mrrew ei

tabn'

VJN JASVEPQ EI VJN I^V^PN

Vjn wmy wn tjago m`eut tjn iuturn jms m pmst' Vjreuhjeut tjn jastery

ei jubmg cavakazmtaeg+ nvnry cukturn jms jmf ats ewg afnm ei tjn iuturn'

Ag tjn werfs ei mg Mustrmkamg iuturast+ Avmgm Bakednvac+ Mktjeuhj tjn

cegcnptaeg ei tabn mgf tjn iuturn nxast ugavnrsmkky+ tjny mrn ugfnrsteefag faiinrngt wmys ag faiinrngt secantans' Sebn jmvn mssubnf tjmt tabn as

carcukmr mgf tjmt pmst+ prnsngt+ mgf iuturn mrn mkk pmrt ei tjn smbn rncur"

ragh cyckn' Etjnrs jmvn `nkanvnf tjmt tjn egky iuturn tjmt bmttnrs as ag

tjn mitnrkain'

Vjn crusjagh fasmppeagtbngts tjmt mrn se eitng pmrt ei tjn jubmg

cegfataeg jmvn sebntabns knf te crasns ei cegfngcn ag tjn iuturn+ rn"

pkmcagh jepn watj fnspmar' @ut best jmvn knmrgnf ireb tjnar kain nxpnra"

ngcns mgf tjn sterans tekf `y tjnar nkfnrs tjmt wjmt wn fe ag tjn prnsngt+

wjng agierbnf `y ogewknfhn ei tjn pmst+ cmg sjmpn tjn iuturn ag e`dnc"

tavnky `nttnr wmys'

Mgtjrepekehasts tnkk us ei nvafngcn fmtagh `mco mkbest >

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AGVPEF^CVAEG | xax

pmrtacukmr pertaegs ei tjn wjekn mgf mppkanf te etjnr pmrts ei tjn im`rac ag

erfnr te agtnrprnt tjn ugiekfagh iuturn'

Fecters mgf scangtasts gew favagn ckuns m`eut tjn iuturn ei agfavafu"

mks ireb tjn pmttnrg ei FGM tjmt as ieugf ag nvnry cnkk' Bmtjnbmtacamgsfascnrg tjn gmturn ei irmctmk nqumtaegsmgf tjn hnebntrac ierbs fnravnf

ireb tjnb`y e`snrvagh tjn snki"smbngnss ei tjn pmttnrgs tjny bmg"

ainst mt nvnry knvnk ei rnsekutaeg' Jekehrmpjac abmhns mrn cegtmagnf ag

tjnar ngtarnty ag nmcj bekncukn ei tjn hmsneus cykagfnrs egte wjacj tjn

nbnrhngt kmrhnr abmhn as prednctnf'

Mccerfagh te jasteramgs+ mstrekehnrs ei mgcangt @m`ykeg usnf m feu`kn

ckecoegn ier bnmsuragh tjn tabnscmkn ei jubmg miimars+ mgf mgetjnr

ier trmcoagh tjn cnknstamk bevnbngts tjny `nkanvnf jmf mg agffungcn eg

nmrtjky nvngts' Ag favagagh eur ewg iuturn+ wn tee bust gew pmy fun mt"

tngtaeg te m feu`kn ckeco' Vjnrn as tjn egn tjmt bnmsurns eur jeurs mgf

fmys+ mgf tjn etjnr tjmt bnmsurns tjn cngturans mgf bakknggam evnr wjacj

eur fasruptaegs ei tjn Nmrtjs gmturmk systnbs wakk cegtagun te eccur'

Nvng ms tnmbs ei scangtasts rmcn mhmagst tjn ckeco te cebpntn watj

etjnr tnmbs ag bmoagh gnw hngntac fascevnrans tjmt bmy curn fasnmsns

mgf kmy tjn ieugfmtaeg ier bukta`akkaeg"fekkmr prefucts+ wn bust ceg"sukt mgetjnr ckeco tjmt bnmsurns tjn tabnscmkns evnr wjacj nvekutaeg

epnrmtns`ncmusn tjn nbnrhngt cmpm`akatans `urstagh iertj ireb tjn

rnvekutaegmry mfvmgcns ag tjn kain scangcns mrn m`eut te bmon us tjn prag"

capmk mhngt ei nvekutaeg'

@ncmusn ei tjn gnw pewnr tjmt snvng `akkaeg ei us cekknctavnky wankf

watj eur gnw tncjgekehans+ vermcaeus cegsubptaeg+ mgf eutsaznf nce"

gebac fygmbasb+ sebn ei tjn ncekehacmk cjmghns tjmt wn mrn snttagh ag

betaeg mrn heagh te ugiekf+ tjn scangtasts tnkk us+ ag hnekehac tabn+ bnm"

surnf `y m pkmgntmry ckeco tjmt trmcos tabnspmgs tjmt strmag tjn kabats ei

jubmg abmhagmtaeg' Peuhjky m qumrtnr ei tjn 1< bakkaeg tegs ei hke`mk

wmrbagh pekkutaeg wn put agte tjn mtbespjnrn nmcj fmy wakk stakk kaghnr

tjnrnstakk trmppagh jnmtbern tjmg =

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nrm te tjn gnxt as get+ ms sebn jmvn kegh tjeuhjt+ mg agvngtaeg ei tjn Ng"

kahjtngbngt' Vjn nxpkesaeg ei pjakesepjy ag mgcangt Hrnncn bmronf tjn

`nhaggagh ei rncerfnf cegtnbpkmtaegs m`eut tjn iuturn ei jubmgoagf'

Ag tjn ieurtj cngtury `cn+ \kmte wretn m`eut prehrnss ms m cegtagueusprecnss+ wjacj abprevns tjn jubmg cegfataeg ireb ats erahagmk stmtn ei

gmturn te jahjnr mgf jahjnr knvnks ei cukturn+ ncegebac erhmgazmtaeg mgf

pekatacmk structurn tewmrfs mg afnmk stmtn' \rehrnss ffews ireb tjn hrewagh

cebpknxaty ei secanty mgf tjn gnnf te ngkmrhn ogewknfhn+ tjreuhj tjn

fnvnkepbngt ei scangcns mgf mrts'

Ag tjn ieurtj cngtury cn+ St' Muhustagn+ wje irnqungtky quetnf \kmte+

wretn+ Vjn nfucmtaeg ei tjn jubmg rmcn+ rnprnsngtnf `y tjn pnepkn ei

Hef+ jms mfvmgcnf+ kaon tjmt ei mg agfavafumk+ tjreuhj cnrtmag npecjs+ er+

ms at wnrn+ mhns+ se tjmt at bahjt hrmfumkky rasn ireb nmrtjky te jnmvngky

tjaghs+ mgf ireb tjn vasa`kn te tjn agvasa`kn'

Ger as prehrnss nxckusavnky m Xnstnrg agvngtaeg' Bmgy agtnrprnt tjn

Vme ei mgcangt Cjagm ms m huafn ier tjesn wje wasj te prehrnss ms tjny

bmon tjnar wmy ierwmrf ag tjn werkf tjeuhj ats cegcnptaeg ei prehrnss

as vnry faiinrngt ireb wjmt nbnrhnf ag tjn Xnst' Vjn nknvngtj"cngtury

Askmbac pjakesepjnr Bujmbbmf mk"Hjmzmka wretn tjmt Askmb tnmcjnstjmt Sagcnrn mccebpkasjnf wero tewmrfs prehrnss mgf fnvnkepbngt

as+ tjnrniern+ mg mct ei rnkahaeus wersjap mgf as rnwmrfnf ms sucj' Vjn

ngf rnsukt wakk `n m snraeus+ scrupukeus mgf pnrinct wero+ trun scangtac

prehrnss mgf jngcn mctumk mcjanvnbngt ei `mkmgcnf mgf cebprnjngsavn

fnvnkepbngt'

Mt tjn `nhaggagh ei tjn Pngmassmgcn+ tjn rnfascevnry ei tjn Mraste"

tnkamg `rmgcj ei mgcangt Hrnno pjakesepjywjacj jmf `nng prnsnrvnf

ag Mknxmgfram ag Mrm`ac mgf rnagtrefucnf te Nurepn ag Mk"Mgfmkus

cegtra`utnf te m imscagmtaeg watj tjn pjysacmk ms wnkk ms tjn pjakesepjacmk

knhmcans ei `etj Mtjngs mgf Pebn' Vjn knhmcans ei tjmt rncevnrnf pmst

geurasjnf frnmbs tjmt weukf gf iruataeg ag tjn Ngkahjtngbngt+ wjng m

stregh cegsngsus nbnrhnf tjmt sncukmr prehrnss as tjn febagmgt pmttnrg

ag jubmg jastery'

Vjn fascevnrans ei Cepnrgacus+ Hmkakne+ Fnscmrtns+ Gnwteg+ mgf tjn

etjnrs wje kmugcjnf tjn Scangtac Pnvekutaeg jnkpnf te ahgatn m `nkanitjmt+ wjmtnvnr Hefs rekn er pkmg+ tjn hrewtj ei ogewknfhn bmfn prehrnss

a j a a a a `k I a @ j j j

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AGVPEF^CVAEG | xxa

m spncamk nbpjmsas eg su`fuagh+ febagmtagh+ mgf cegtrekkagh gmturn

ms ai wn wnrn ms snpmrmtn ireb gmturn ms Fnscmrtns nkanvnf tjn bagf wms

snpmrmtn ireb tjn `efy'

Cngturans kmtnr+ tjas pjakesepjacmk bastmon as stakk ag gnnf ei cer"rnctaeg' @y tmcatky mssubagh eur ewg snpmrmtngnss ireb tjn ncekehacmk

systnb ei tjn pkmgnt+ wn mrn irnqungtky surprasnf `y pjngebngm tjmt

nbnrhn ireb eur agnxtracm`kn ceggnctaegs te at' Mgf ms tjn pewnr ei eur

cavakazmtaeg hrews nxpegngtamkky+ tjnsn surprasns mrn `ncebagh agcrnms"

aghky ugpknmsmgt'

Vjn cukturmk knhmcy tjmt stakk agffungcns tjn scangtac bntjef as

rnfuctaegasttjmt as+ `y favafagh mgf ngfknssky su`favafagh tjn e`dncts

ei eur rnsnmrcj mgf mgmkysas+ wn snpmrmtn agtnrceggnctnf pjngebngm mgf

precnssns te fnvnkep spncamkaznf nxpnrtasn' @ut tjn iecusagh ei mttng"

taeg eg nvnr gmrrewnr skacns eitjn wjekn eitng cebns mt tjn nxpngsn ei

mttngtaeg te tjn wjekn+ wjacj cmg cmusn us te bass tjn sahgacmgcn ei

nbnrhngt pjngebngm tjmt spragh ugprnfactm`ky ireb tjn agtnrceggnc"

taegs mgf agtnrmctaegs mbegh buktapkn precnssns mgf gntweros' Vjmt as

egn rnmseg wjy kagnmr prednctaegs ei tjn iuturn mrn se eitng wregh'

M GNX YASAEG EI VJN \MSV MGF VJN I^V^PN

Vjn agvngtaeg ei pewnriuk gnw teeks mgf tjn fnvnkepbngt ei petngt

gnw agsahjtsmgf tjn fascevnry ei racj gnw cegtagngtsknf te nxcat"

agh gnw wmys ei snnagh tjn werkf mgf nxpmgsavn eptabasb m`eut tjn

iuturn' Ag tjn snvngtnngtj cngtury+ tjn imtjnr ei bacre`aekehy+ Mgtegan

vmg Knnuwngjeno+ imsjaegnf gnw kngsns ier tjn bacrescepn *wjacj at"

snki jmf `nng agvngtnf ag Jekkmgf knss tjmg m cngtury nmrkanr!+ mgf `y

keeoagh tjreuhj tjnb fascevnrnf cnkks mgf `mctnram' Sabuktmgneusky+ jas

ckesn irangf ag Fnkit+ Dejmggns Ynrbnnr+ rnvekutaegaznf pertrmaturn watj

tjn usn *best mrt jasteramgs mhrnn! ei tjn cmbnrm e`scurm+ bmfn pessa`kn

`y tjn gnw ugfnrstmgfagh ei eptacs'

Ms tjn Scangtac Pnvekutaeg mccnknrmtnf mgf tjn Agfustramk Pnveku"

taeg `nhmg+ tjn afnm ei prehrnss sjmpnf prnvmakagh cegcnptaegs ei tjn

iuturn' Ag tjn ynmrs `niern jas fnmtj+ Vjebms Dniinrseg wretn m`eut tjnprehrnss jn jmf watgnssnf ag jas kain mgf getnf+ Mgf wjnrn tjas preh"

akk @ ` a j a j a `

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xxaa | AGVPEF^CVAEG

Ieur ynmrs mitnr Dniinrsegs fnmtj+ tjn pu`kacmtaeg `y Cjmrkns Kynkk

ei jas bmstnrwero+\ragcapknseiHnekehy+ ag =:3 `akkaeg+ wn gew ogew!'

Ag rnsjmpagh tjn pmst+ jn mkse rnsjmpnf tjn afnm ei tjn iuturn' Mgf jn

prevafnf tjn tnbpermk cegtnxt ier tjn fascevnry `y Cjmrkns Fmrwag ei

tjn pragcapkns ei nvekutaeg' Agfnnf+ ms m yeugh bmg Fmrwag teeo Kynkks

`eeos watj jab furagh jas veymhn eg tjn@nmhkn'

Vjn prnvaeusky ugabmhagm`kn keghnvaty ei tjn pmst rnvnmknf y Kynkk

agsparnf sybbntracmk frnmbs ei fastmgt iuturns ag wjacj tjn prehrnss ei

bmg bahjt rnmcj kabatknss jnahjts' Ag tjn hngnrmtaeg tjmt iekkewnf Kynkk+

Dukns Ynrgn cegdurnf m iuturn watj reconts kmgfagh eg tjn beeg+ m su`"

bmragn trmvnrsagh tjn ecnmgs fnptjs+ mgf bng trmvnkagh te tjn cngtnr ei

tjn Nmrtj'

Vjn nxu`nrmgt eptabasb ei tjn gagntnngtj cngtury wms fmbpngnf

ier bmgy `y tjn nxcnssns ei tjn Sncegf Agfustramk Pnvekutaeg+ `ut wmsrnvavanf furagh tjn rst fncmfn ei tjn twngtantj cngtury watj tjn `artj

ei m pekatacmk bevnbngt `msnf eg tjn `nkani tjmt prehrnss rnquarnf hev"

nrgbngtmk pekacy agtnrvngtaegs mgf secamk cjmghns ag erfnr te mbnkaermtn

tjn pre`knbs mccebpmgyagh agfustramkazmtaeg mgf cegsekafmtn ats e`vaeus

`ngnts' Ms tjn scangtac mgf tncjgekehacmk rnvekutaeg `reuhjt sebn ei

tjn vasaegs cegdurnf `y Ynrgn mgf jas succnssers agte rnmkaty+ eptabasb

m`eut tjn iuturn hmagnf iurtjnr bebngtub'

@ut tjn `mkmgcn ei tjn twngtantj cngtury `reuhjt twe werkf wmrs

mgf tjn burfnr ei bakkaegs `y tetmkatmramg factmters ei tjn knit mgf rahjt

te snrvn tjnar ewg twastnf cegcnptaegs ei prehrnssmgf eur vanw ei tjn

iuturn `nhmg te cjmghn' Vjn bmkahgmgt gahjtbmrn ei tjn Vjeusmgf Qnmr

Pnacj+ tjn Jekecmust+ mgf tjn crunktans ei Stmkag mgf Bme cmbn te `n

nb`knbmtac ei tjn petngtamk ier nbnrhngt nvak nbmgmtagh ireb tjn usn ei

mgy bnmgs+ jewnvnr jerrac+ ag mg niiert te abpesn hrmgf fnsahgs ier tjn

iuturn ei jubmgaty tjmt cegierbnf te tjn vasaegs ei twastnf bng watjtee bucj pewnr'

A j i j i X kf X AA j ka a fa j

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AGVPEF^CVAEG | xxaaa

tnr agstagcts mgf cegierb tjnar kavns te mg nvak fnsahgceupknf watj tjn

fnnp nbetaegmk mgf sparatumk abpmct ei tjn mtebac swerf ei Fmbeckns tjmt

tjn nbnrhngcn ei tjn gucknmr mrbs rmcn knit jmghagh evnr cavakazmtaeg

rnmwmongnf cegcnrgs tjmt gnw agvngtaegs bahjt `n feu`kn"nfhnf' Vjnugnmsagnss ag tjn pepukmr bagf tjmt pewnriuk tncjgekehans wjmtnvnr

tjnar `ngntsbahjt mkse bmhgaiy tjn aggmtn jubmg vukgnrm`akaty te

ju`ras fnnpngnf ier bmgy tjn kess ei tjnar cegfngcn tjmt prehrnss wms

m rnkam`kn huafagh stmr'

Vjn prepjncans ei Dukns Ynrgn wnrn rnpkmcnf `y tjesn ei Mkfeus

Juxkny+ Hnerhn Erwnkk+ mgf J' H' Xnkks+ mgf pepukmr bevans m`eut fn"

structavn begstnrs ireb tjn mgcangt pmstmwmongnf `y gucknmr tnstagh

er fmghnreus crnmturns befanf y hngntac nghagnnragh hegn mwrymgf

bmknvekngt re`ets ireb tjn fastmgt iuturn er fastmgt pkmgnts+ mkk snnb"

aghky `ngt eg rmvmhagh jubmgatys iuturn'

Mgf gew bmgy wegfnr4 wje mrn wn5 Mrastetkn wretn tjmt tjn ngf ei m

tjagh fngns ats nssngtamk gmturn' Ai wn mrn iercnf te cegtnbpkmtn tjn

pessa`akaty tjmt wn bahjt `ncebn tjn mrcjatncts ei eur ewg fnbasn ms mcavakazmtaeg+ tjng tjnrn mrn gncnssmraky abpkacmtaegs ier jew wn mgswnr

tjn qunstaeg4 wjmt as eur nssngtamk gmturn ms m spncans5 Ms m scangtast egcn

rnirmbnf tjn qunstaeg4 as tjn ceb`agmtaeg ei mg eppesm`kn tjub` mgf m

gnecertnx vam`kn ms m sustmagm`kn ierb ei kain eg Nmrtj5

Eur gmturmk mgf jnmktjy prninrngcn ier eptabasb m`eut tjn iuturn as

faicukt te rncegcakn watj tjn hgmwagh cegcnrgs nxprnssnf `y bmgy tjmt

mkk as get wnkk+ mgf tjmt knit te ats ewg fnvacns tjn iuturn bmy `n ugiekf"

agh ag wmys tjmt tjrnmtng sebn ei tjn jubmg vmkuns wn best cjnrasj'

Vjn iuturn+ ag etjnr werfs+ gew cmsts m sjmfew upeg tjn prnsngt' At bmy

`n cebiertagh+ ut ei kattkn prmctacmk usn+ te smy+ A mb mg eptabast- Epta"

basb as m ierb ei prmynr' \rmynr fens+ ag by pnrsegmk vanw+ jmvn hnguagn

sparatumk pewnr' @ut A mkse nkanvn+ ag tjn werfs ei tjn ekf Miracmg smyagh+

Xjng yeu prmy+ bevn yeur innt' \rmynr watjeut mctaeg+ kaon eptabasb

watjeut nghmhnbngt+ as pmssavn mhhrnssaeg tewmrf tjn iuturn'

Nvng tjesn wje ugfnrstmgf tjn faiinrngt fmghnrs wn mrn imcagh mgfmrn cebbattnf te tmoagh mctaeg eitng innk stybanf `y m sngsn ei pewnr"

k E j a i ka i k j j j a

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tjn pewnriuk bebngtub ei tjn hke`mk bmcjagn wn jmvn `uakt te havn

us prehrnss snnbs mkbest agfnpngfngt ei jubmg cegtrek' Xjnrn mrn tjn

knvnrs te pukk+ tjn `uttegs te pusj5 As tjnrn m stnnragh bncjmgasb5 Fe

eur jmgfs jmvn ngeuhj strnghtj te epnrmtn tjn cegtreks5Bern tjmg m fncmfn `niern wratagh Imust+ Hentjn wretn jas wnkk"

ogewg penb Vjn Sercnrnrs Mpprngtacn m`eut m yeugh trmagnn wje+

knit te jas ewg fnvacns+ fmrnf te usn egn ei jas bmstnrs bmhac spnkks ag

erfnr te `ragh te kain tjn `reeb jn wms suppesnf te `n usagh te cknmg tjn

werosjep' @ut egcn mgabmtnf+ tjn reeb ceukf get `n steppnf' Hrewagh

fnspnrmtn te jmkt tjn `reebs agcrnmsagh irngzy ei mctavaty+ tjn mpprngtacn

spkat tjn `reeb watj mg mxnwjacj cmusnf at te snki"rnpkacmtn+ watj nmcj

jmki hrewagh agte mgetjnr gnw mgabmtnf `reeb' Egky wjng tjn bmstnr

rnturgnf wms tjn precnss `reuhjt `mco ugfnr cegtrek'

FNBECPMVAC CM\AVMKASB MGF AVS FASCEGVNGVS

Vjn afnm ei bmoagh truky bnmgaghiuk cekknctavn fncasaegs ag fnbecrmcy

tjmt mrn mabnf mt stnnragh tjn hke`mk bmcjagnry wn jmvn snt ag betaeg

as gmvn+ nvng sakky+ mccerfagh te tjesn wje jmvn kegh sagcn pkmcnf tjnarimatj ag tjn iuturn get ag jubmg jmgfs+ `ut ag tjn agvasa`kn jmgf ei tjn

bmrontpkmcn' Ms bern ei tjn pewnr te bmon fncasaegs m`eut tjn iuturn

ffews ireb pekatacmk systnbs te bmronts+ mgf ms nvnr bern pewnriuk tncj"

gekehans bmhgaiy tjn strnghtj ei tjn agvasa`kn jmgf+ tjn busckns ei snki"

hevnrgmgcn jmvn mtrepjanf'

Vjmt as mctumkky m wnkcebn eutcebn ier sebn wje jmvn ieugf wmys

te mccubukmtn hrnmt iertugns ireb tjn ugrnstrmagnf epnrmtaegs ei tjas

hke`mk bmcjagnry' Agfnnf+ bmgy ei tjnb jmvn usnf tjnar wnmktj te rnag"

iercn tjn afnm tjmt snki"hevnrgmgcn as iutakn mt `nst mgf+ wjng at weros mt

mkk+ knmfs te fmghnreus bnffkagh tjmt agtnrinrns watj `etj bmronts mgf

tncjgekehacmk fntnrbagasb' Vjn afnekehacmk cegfebagaub ierbnf ag tjn

mkkamgcn `ntwnng cmpatmkasb mgf rnprnsngtmtavn fnbecrmcy tjmt jms `nng

se iruatiuk ag nxpmgfagh tjn petngtamk ier irnnfeb+ pnmcn+ mgf prespnraty

jms nng spkat msugfnr y tjn ngcremcjbngt ei cegcngtrmtnf wnmktj ireb

tjn bmront spjnrn agte tjn fnbecrmcy spjnrn'Vjeuhj bmronts jmvn ge pnnr ag cekknctagh+ precnssagh+ mgf utakaz"

a a ff i a i a kk f ` k

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vmranty' At as fnveaf ei epagaeg+ cjmrmctnr+ pnrsegmkaty+ innkagh+ kevn+ er

imatj' Ats dust gub`nrs' Fnbecrmcy+ eg tjn etjnr jmgf+ wjng at epnr"

mtns ag m jnmktjy pmttnrg+ prefucns ireb tjn agtnrmctaegs ei pnepkn watj

faiinrngt pnrspnctavns+ prnfaspesataegs+ mgf kain nxpnrangcns nbnrhngtwasfeb mgf crnmtavaty tjmt as eg m cebpkntnky faiinrngt pkmgn' At cmrrans

frnmbs mgf jepns ier tjn iuturn' @y teknrmtagh tjn reutagn usn ei wnmktj

te fastert+ fnhrmfn+ mgf cerrupt tjn precnss ei fnbecrmcy+ wn mrn fnprav"

agh eursnkvns ei tjn eppertugaty te usn tjn kmst `nst jepn te gf m

sustmagm`kn pmtj ier jubmgaty tjreuhj tjn best fasruptavn mgf cjmetac

cjmghns cavakazmtaeg jms nvnr cegiregtnf'

Ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtns+ bmgy jmvn cjnnrnf tjn watjnragh ei snki"

hevnrgmgcn mgf jmvn cnkn`rmtnf tjn getaeg tjmt wn sjeukf ge keghnr

nvng try te cegtrek eur ewg fnstagy tjreuhj fnbecrmtac fncasaeg bmoagh'

Sebn jmvn rncebbngfnf+ egky jmki ag dnst+ tjmt hevnrgbngt sjeukf `n

fabagasjnf te tjn peagt wjnrn at cmg n frewgnf ag tjn mtjtu`' Vjny

jmvn ngkastnf pekatacamgs ag tjn niiert te pmrmkyzn tjn m`akaty ei hevnrg"

bngt te snrvn mgy agtnrnsts etjnr tjmg tjesn ei tjn hke`mk bmcjagn+ rn"

cruatnf m itj cekubg ag tjn Ieurtj Nstmtn+ mgf jarnf knhaegs ei ke``yasts

te `keco mgy cekknctavn fncasaegs m`eut tjn iuturn tjmt snrvn tjn pu`kacagtnrnst' Vjny nvng snnb te sagcnrnky `nkanvn+ ms bmgy jmvn eitng wrat"

tng+ tjmt tjnrn as ge sucj tjagh ms tjn pu`kac agtnrnst'

Vjn gnw snki"erhmgaznf pmttnrg ei tjn Ceghrnss snrvns tjn spncamk

agtnrnsts tjmt mrn prevafagh best ei tjn cmbpmahg begny watj wjacj

cmgfafmtnsagcub`ngts mgf cjmkknghnrs mkaonpurcjmsn tnknvasaeg

cebbnrcamks' At ge keghnr rnspegfs te mgy `ut tjn best nbetaegmk ceg"

cnrgs ei tjn Mbnracmg pnepkn' Ats bnb`nrs mrn stakk rnprnsngtmtavns+

`ut tjn vmst bmderaty ei tjnb gew rnprnsngt tjn pnepkn mgf cerpermtaegs

wje fegmtn begny+ get tjn pnepkn wje mctumkky vetn ag tjnar ceghrns"

saegmk fastracts'

Vjn werkfs gnnf ier agtnkkahngt+ cknmr+ vmkuns"`msnf knmfnrsjap ireb

tjn ^gatnf Stmtns as hrnmtnr gew tjmg nvnr `niernmgf tjn m`sngcn ei

mgy suatm`kn mktnrgmtavn as cknmrnr gew tjmg nvnr `niern' ^giertugmtnky+

tjn fnckagn ei ^'S' fnbecrmcy jms fnhrmfnf ats cmpmcaty ier cknmr cek"

knctavn tjagoagh+ knf te m snrans ei rnbmrom`ky peer pekacy fncasaegs egcrucamkky sahgacmgt assuns+ mgf knit tjn hke`mk cebbugaty ruffnrknss ms at

i j a i fa a kka k f a ok j a ka

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taeg ei ^'S' fnbecrmcy+ er tjn nbnrhngcn ei knmfnrsjap nksnwjnrn ag tjn

werkf+ as nssngtamk te ugfnrstmgfagh mgf rnspegfagh te tjnsn cjmghns ag

erfnr te sjmpn tjn iuturn'

Egn ei tjn sax fravnrs ei cjmghn fnscra`nf ag tjas eeotjn nbnr"hngcn ei m fahatmk gntwero ceggnctagh tjn tjeuhjts mgf innkaghs ei

best pnepkn ag nvnry ceugtry ei tjn werkfeiinrs tjn hrnmtnst seurcn

ei jepn tjmt tjn jnmktjy iugctaegagh ei fnbecrmtac fnka`nrmtaeg mgf

cekknctavn fncasaeg bmoagh cmg `n rnsternf ag tabn te rnckmab ju"

bmgatys cmpmcaty te rnmseg tehntjnr mgf cjmrt m smin ceursn agte tjn

iuturn'

Cmpatmkasbai rnierbnf mgf bmfn sustmagm`kncmg snrvn tjn werkf

`nttnr tjmg mgy etjnr ncegebac systnb ag bmoagh tjn faicukt `ut gnc"

nssmry cjmghns te tjn rnkmtaegsjap `ntwnng tjn jubmg ngtnrprasn mgf

tjn ncekehacmk mgf aekehacmk systnbs ei tjn Nmrtj' Vehntjnr+ sustmagm`kn

cmpatmkasb mgf jnmktjy fnbecrmtac fncasaeg bmoagh cmg nbpewnr us te

smvn tjn iuturn' Se wn jmvn te tjago cknmrky m`eut jew `etj ei tjnsn ns"

sngtamk teeks cmg `n rnpmarnf mgf rnierbnf'

Vjn structurn ei tjnsn fncasaeg"bmoagh systnbs mgf tjn wmys ag

wjacj wn bnmsurn prehrnsser tjn kmco tjnrneitewmrf tjn hemks wnfncafn mrn abpertmgt jmvn m preieugf agffungcn eg tjn iuturn wn mctu"

mkky crnmtn' @y bmoagh ncegebac cjeacns ag imver ei hrewtj+ at bmttnrs

m ket wjacj fngataeg ei hrewtj wn usn' Ai tjn abpmct ei pekkutaeg as sys"

tnbmtacmkky rnbevnf ireb tjn bnmsurnbngt ei wjmt wn cmkk prehrnss+

tjng wn stmrt te ahgern at mgf sjeukf get `n surprasnf wjng bucj ei eur

prehrnss as mccebpmganf `y kets ei pekkutaeg'

Ai tjn systnbs wn usn ier rncehgazagh mgf bnmsuragh pret mrn `msnf

eg m gmrrew fngataegier nxmbpkn+ qumrtnrky prednctaegs ei nmrgaghs

pnr sjmrn+ er qumrtnrky ugnbpkeybngt stmtastacs tjmt fegt agckufn pnepkn

wje jmvn havng up keeoagh ier wero+ tjesn wje jmvn `nng iercnf te tmon

kmrhn pmy cuts ag erfnr te cegtagun weroagh+ er tjesn wje mrn ffappagh

jmb`urhnrs agstnmf ei usagh jahjnr"vmkun soakks jmrf weg watj nfucmtaeg

er praer nxpnrangcntjng wjmt wn mrn snnagh as mg abpnrinct mgf pmrtamk

rnprnsngtmtaeg ei m bucj kmrhnr rnmkaty' Xjng wn `ncebn mccustebnf te

bmoagh abpertmgt cjeacns m`eut tjn iuturn eg tjn `msas ei fastertnf mgfbasknmfagh agierbmtaeg+ tjn rnsukts ei tjesn fncasaegs mrn bern kaonky te

i kk j i a

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snknctavn mttngtaegm tngfngcy eg tjn pmrt ei pnepkn wje mrn se fntnr"

bagnf te iecus agtngsnky eg pmrtacukmr abmhns tjmt tjny `ncebn e`kava"

eus te etjnr abmhns tjmt mrn prnsngt ag tjn nkf ei vasaeg'

Xn snknct tjn tjaghs te wjacj wn pmy mttngtaeg get egky `y curaesaty+prninrngcn+ mgf jm`at+ ut mkse tjreuhj eur snknctaeg ei tjn e`snrvmtaegmk

teeks+ tncjgekehans+ mgf systnbs wn rnky eg ag bmoagh cjeacns' Mgf tjnsn

teeks abpkacatky bmro sebn tjaghs ms sahgacmgt mgf e`scurn etjnrs te tjn

peagt tjmt wn cebpkntnky ahgern tjnb' Ag etjnr werfs+ tjn teeks wn usn

cmg jmvn tjnar ewg snknctavn mttngtaeg fastertaegs'

Ier nxmbpkn+ tjn systnb ei ncegebac vmkun bnmsurnbngt ogewg ms

hress febnstac prefuct+ er HF\+ agckufns sebn vmkuns mgf mr`atrmraky nx"

ckufns etjnrs' Se wjng wn usn HF\ ms m kngs tjreuhj wjacj te e`snrvn

ncegebac mctavaty+ wn pmy mttngtaeg te tjmt wjacj as bnmsurnf mgf tngf

te `ncebn e`kavaeus te tjesn tjaghs tjmt mrn get bnmsurnf mt mkk' @rat"

asj bmtjnbmtacamg mgf pjakesepjnr Mkirnf Gertj Xjatnjnmf cmkknf tjn

e`snssaeg watj bnmsurnbngts tjn imkkmcy ei baspkmcnf cegcrntngnss'

Jnrn as m bntmpjer te akkustrmtn tjn peagt4 tjn nknctrebmhgntac spnc"

trub as eitng pertrmynf ms m kegh tjag jerazegtmk rnctmghkn favafnf agte

faiinrngtky cekernf snhbngts tjmt rnprnsngt tjn faiinrngt wmvnknghtjsei nknctrebmhgntac ngnrhyusumkky rmghagh ireb vnry kew irnqungcy

wmvnknghtjs kaon tjesn usnf ier rmfae eg tjn knit+ nxtngfagh tjreuhj ba"

crewmvns+ agirmrnf+ uktrmvaeknt+ Z"rmys+ mgf tjn kaon+ te nxtrnbn jahj irn"

qungcy hmbbm rmfamtaeg mt tjn rahjt ngf ei tjn rnctmghkn'

Sebnwjnrn gnmr tjn baffkn ei tjas rnctmghkn as m vnry tjag snctaeg

rnprnsngtagh vasa`kn kahjtwjacj as+ ei ceursn+ tjn egky pmrt ei tjn ngtarn

spnctrub tjmt cmg `n snng watj tjn jubmg nyn' @ut sagcn tjn jubmg

nyn as gerbmkky tjn egky agstrubngt watj wjacj best ei us mttnbpt

te snn tjn werkf mreugf us+ wn mrn gmturmkky e`kavaeus te mkk ei tjn ag"

ierbmtaeg cegtmagnf ag tjn 11'1 pnrcngt ei tjn spnctrub tjmt as agvasa`kn

te us'

@y suppknbngtagh eur gmturmk vasaeg watj agstrubngts cmpm`kn ei

snnagh tjn rnst ei tjn spnctrub+ jewnvnr+ wn mrn m`kn te ngjmgcn eur

ugfnrstmgfagh ei tjn werkf mreugf us `y cekknctagh mgf agtnrprntagh

bucj bern agierbmtaeg' Furagh tjn nahjt ynmrs A weronf ag tjn XjatnJeusn+ A stmrtnf nvnry fmy+ sax fmys m wnno+ watj m knghtjy `rangh ireb

j a kka a kk j a ii a a k a

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xxvaaa | AGVPEF^CVAEG

ireb mkbest mkk pmrts ei tjn nknctrebmhgntac spnctrub' At wms+ ms m rnsukt+

m bucj bern cebpkntn mgf mccurmtn pacturn ei m vnry cebpknx rnmkaty'

Egn ei tjn currngt rnmkatans ag tjn `usagnss werkf tjmt jms `nng best

surprasagh te bn as tjn gnmr cegsngsus tjmt bmronts mrn sjert eg keghmgf kegh eg sjerttjmt as+ tjnrn as mg ugjnmktjy iecus eg vnry sjert"

tnrb hemks+ te tjn nxckusaeg ei kegh"tnrb hemks' Ai tjn agcngtavns reu"

tagnky prevafnf ier `usagnss knmfnrsmgf pekatacmk knmfnrsmrn iecusnf

eg nxtrnbnky sjert"tnrb jerazegs+ tjng ge egn sjeukf `n surprasnf ai

tjn fncasaegs tjny bmon ag pursuat ei tjn rnwmrfs te `n hmagnf mrn mkse

iecusnf eg tjn sjert tnrbmt tjn nxpngsn ei mgy cegsafnrmtaeg ei tjn

iuturn' Cebpngsmtaeg mgf agcngtavn structurns rnagiercn tjnsn `amsns

mgf pngmkazn best CNEs mgf `usagnssns tjmt fmrn te iecus eg bern sus"

tmagm`kn keghnr"tnrb strmtnhans' Sjert"tnrbasb jms kegh sagcn `ncebn

m irnqungtky usnf `uzzwerf ag `usagnss carckns' Ag `etj `usagnss mgf

pekatacs+ sjert"tnrb fncasaeg bmoagh as febagmgt'

]umrtnrky cmpatmkasb as m pjrmsn sebn usn te fnscra`n tjn prnvmak"

agh prmctacn ei bmgmhagh `usagnssns ireb egn tjrnn"begtj pnraef te tjn

gnxt+ mgf iecusagh ufhnts mgf strmtnhans eg tjn cegstmgt niiert te ngsurn

tjmt nmcj qumrtnrs nmrgaghs pnr sjmrn rnpert gnvnr imaks te bnnt prednc"taegs er tjn bmronts nxpnctmtaegs' Xjng agvnsters mgf CNEs iecus eg

m fngataeg ei hrewtj tjmt nxckufns tjn jnmktj mgf wnkk"`nagh ei tjn

cebbugatans wjnrn `usagnssns mrn kecmtnf+ tjn jnmktj ei tjn nbpkeynns

wje fe best ei tjn wero+ mgf tjn abpmct ei tjn `usagnssns epnrmtaegs

eg tjn ngvaregbngt+ tjny mrn tmcatky cjeesagh te ahgern bmtnramk imcts

watj tjn petngtamk te bmon rnmk hrewtj ugsustmagm`kn'

Sabakmrky+ tjn febagmgcn ei begny ag befnrg pekatacspmrtacukmrky

ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtnsjms gew knf te wjmt bahjt `n fnscra`nf ms qumr"

tnrky fnbecrmcy' Nvnry gagnty fmys+ agcub`ngt eicnjekfnrs ruggagh

ier rnnknctaeg mgf cjmkknghnrs ag pekatacmk cegtnsts mrn rnquarnf te pu`"

kacky rnpert tjnar iugfrmasagh tetmks ier tjn prnvaeus gagnty fmys' Mt tjn

ngf ei nmcj ei tjnsn qumrtnrs+ tjnrn as m ffurry ei iugfrmasagh nvngts+ nbmak

sekacatmtaegs+ mgf iugfrmasagh tnknpjegn cmkks te bmxabazn tjn mbeugt

tjmt cmg `n rnpertnfbucj ms m puiinr sj agcrnmsns ats pnrcnavnf sazn

ag tjn prnsngcn ei mgetjnr puiinr sj ngcremcjagh eg ats tnrratery'Eur nvekutaegmry jnratmhn jms bmfn us vukgnrm`kn te gubnreus stab"

ka j a j ja oa Vj j k j j a i

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AGVPEF^CVAEG | xxax

wn iecus eg tjn keghnr tnrb' Xjng nknctnf eicamks mrn ugfnr cegstmgt

systnbac strnss te iecus agtngtky eg sjert"tnrb jerazegs+ tjn iuturn hnts

sjert sjrait'

Vjas as pmrtacukmrky fmghnreus furagh m pnraef ei rmpaf cjmghn' Sebnei tjn trngfs gew ugfnr wmy mrn se wnkk fecubngtnf `y e`snrvmtaegs

ag tjn pmst tjmt prednctaegs ei tjesn smbn trngfs agte tjn iuturn cmg `n

bmfn watj m vnry jahj fnhrnn ei cegfngcn' Vjn rmtn ei mfvmgcnbngt ag

cebputnr cjaps+ te paco m wnkk"ogewg nxmbpkn+ as ugfnrsteef bern tjmg

wnkk ngeuhj te dustaiy prnfactaegs tjmt cebputnr cjaps wakk cegtagun te

mfvmgcn rmpafky ag tjn iuturn'

Vjn spnnfy frep ag tjn cest ei snqungcagh FGM jms eccurrnf ier

rnmsegs tjmt mrn ugfnrsteef bern tjmg wnkk ngeuhj te dustaiy prnfactaegs

tjmt tjas trngf tee wakk cegtagun te sjmpn eur iuturn' Vjn mccubukmtaeg

ei hrnngjeusn hmsns ag tjn pmst mgf tjn rasn ag hke`mk tnbpnrmturns tjny

jmvn cmusnf as mkse ugfnrsteef bern tjmg wnkk ngeuhj te dustaiy prn"

factaegs ei wjmt wakk jmppng te hke`mk tnbpnrmturns ai wn cegtagun te

agcrnmsn nbassaegs mt tjn smbn rmtn ag tjn iuturnmgf wjmt tjn cegsn"

qungcns ei bucj jahjnr hke`mk tnbpnrmturns weukf `n'

Etjnr cjmghns+ jewnvnr+ `urst upeg tjn werkf snnbaghky iukkyierbnf4 m `rmgf"gnw pmttnrg tjmt rnprnsngts m suffng sjait ireb mg

ekfnr pmttnrg tjmt pnrsastnf ier ms imr `mco ag tjn pmst ms jubmgs cmg

rncmkk' Ag eur ewg kavns+ wn mrn mccustebnf te hrmfumk+ kagnmr cjmghn'

@ut sebntabns tjn petngtamk ier cjmghn `uakfs up watjeut `nagh vasa`ky

bmgainstnf ugtak tjn agcjemtn prnssurn ier cjmghn rnmcjns m cratacmk bmss

pewnriuk ngeuhj te `rnmo tjreuhj wjmtnvnr systnbac `mrranrs jmvn jnkf

tjn cjmghn `mco' Vjng suffngky egn pmttnrg havns wmy te mgetjnr tjmt

as ngtarnky gnw' Vjas nbnrhngcn ei systnbac cjmghn as eitng faicukt

te prnfact+ `ut fens eccur irnqungtky `etj ag gmturn mgf ag cebpknx sys"

tnbs fnsahgnf `y jubmg `naghs'

Bmgy wje wnrn egcn imscagmtnf mgf nxcatnf m`eut tjn pessa`akatans ei

tjn iuturn mrn gew iecusnf seknky eg tjn abpkacmtaegs ei tjn iuturns

petngtamk ier tjn `usagnss+ pekatacmk+ mgf sncuraty strmtnhans ei tjn prns"ngt' Ms tjn Scangtac Pnvekutaeg mccnknrmtnf ag tjn kmst fncmfns ei tjn

a j k f aka a `

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xxx | AGVPEF^CVAEG

acmk fascevnrans ceukf tjrnmtng tjn strmtnhac agtnrnstser nvng survavmk

ei `usagnss befnks mgf tjn `mkmgcn ei pewnr mbegh gmtaegs'

Xjmt as eur prnsngt cegcnptaeg ei tjn iuturn5 Jew fens eur abmhn

ei tjn iuturn miinct tjn cjeacns wn mrn bmoagh ag tjn prnsngt5 Fe wn stakk`nkanvn tjmt wn jmvn tjn pewnr te sjmpn eur cekknctavn iuturn eg Nmrtj

mgf cjeesn ireb mbegh tjn mktnrgmtavn iuturns egn tjmt prnsnrvns eur

fnnpnst vmkuns mgf bmons kain `nttnr tjmg at as ag tjn prnsngt5 Er fe wn

jmvn eur ewg crasas ei cegfngcn ag jubmgatys iuturn5

Ai tjn spnctrub ei pmst+ prnsngt+ mgf iuturn wnrn faspkmynf ms m kegh

tjag rnctmghkn sabakmr te tjmt usnf te pertrmy tjn nknctrebmhgntac spnc"

trub+ tjn `artj ei \kmgnt Nmrtj 6'> `akkaeg ynmrs mhe weukf `n mt tjn imr

knit ngf' Bevagh te tjn rahjt+ wn weukf snn tjn nbnrhngcn ei kain 3': ak"

kaeg ynmrs mhe+ tjn mppnmrmgcn ei buktacnkkukmr kain 0': `akkaeg ynmrs mhe+

tjn mppnmrmgcn ei tjn rst pkmgt kain eg kmgf 68> bakkaeg ynmrs mhe+ tjn

rst vnrtn`rmtns bern tjmg 6 bakkaeg ynmrs mhe' Vjng+ bevagh mkk tjn wmy te tjn rahjt ngf ei tjn

rnctmghkn+ tjn fnmtj ei tjn sug weukf mppnmr 8'> `akkaeg ynmrs ireb gew'

Vjn gmrrew skacn ei tabn te tjn knit ei tjn bafpeagt ag tjas spnc"

trubtjn egn tjmt rnprnsngts tjn jastery ei tjn jubmg spncansasmg nvng gmrrewnr skacn ei tjn spnctrub ei tabn tjmg as vasa`kn kahjt ei

tjn nknctrebmhgntac spnctrub' Vjn tjeuhjts wn fnvetn te tjnsn vmst

strntcjns ei tabn ag tjn pmst mgf iuturn mrn eitng ffnntagh mt `nst'

Vjnrn mrn mbpkn rnmsegs ier eptabasb m`eut tjn iuturn' Ier tjn prns"

ngt+ wmr snnbs te `n fnckagagh' Hke`mk pevnrty as fnckagagh' Sebn inmr"

sebn fasnmsns jmvn `nng cegqunrnf mgf etjnrs mrn `nagh jnkf mt `my'

Kainspmgs mrn knghtjngagh' Stmgfmrfs ei kavagh mgf mvnrmhn agcebnsmt

knmst eg m hke`mk msasmrn abprevagh' Ogewknfhn mgf katnrmcy mrn sprnmf"

agh' Vjn teeks mgf tncjgekehans wn mrn fnvnkepaghagckufagh Agtnrgnt"

`msnf cebbugacmtaegmrn hrewagh ag pewnr mgf nicmcy' Eur hngnrmk

ugfnrstmgfagh ei eur werkf+ agfnnf+ eur ugavnrsn *er buktavnrsn-! jms

`nng hrewagh nxpegngtamkky' Vjnrn jmvn `nng pnraefs ag tjn pmst wjng

kabats te eur hrewtj mgf succnss ms m spncans mppnmrnf te tjrnmtng eur

iuturn+ egky te `n trmgscngfnf `y gnw mfvmgcnstjn Hrnng Pnvekutaeg

ei tjn sncegf jmki ei tjn twngtantj cngtury+ ier nxmbpkn'Se tjn pesatavn mgf gnhmtavn snts ei trngfs mrn eccurragh sabuktm"

k Vj i j k f j j i

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AGVPEF^CVAEG | xxxa

ugcnrtmagty m`eut tjnb tjmt cmg `n cegdurnf te dustaiy agmctaeg as eitng

snaznf upeg watj ngtjusamsb+ wjakn gnw jmrf nvafngcn nstm`kasjagh

tjnar rnmkaty as eitng rnsastnf watj nvng streghnr fngamk ei tjn rnmkaty tjn

nvafngcn supperts'Dust ms gmvn eptabasb cmg mbeugt te snki"fncnptaeg+ se tee cmg m

prnfaspesataeg te pnssabasb `kagf us te `msns ier knhatabmtn jepn tjmt

wn cmg gf m pmtj tjmt knmfs mreugf mgf tjreuhj tjn fmghnrs tjmt kan

mjnmf' Agfnnf+ A mb mg eptabasttjeuhj by eptabasb as prnfacmtnf eg

tjn jepn tjmt wn wakk gf wmys te snn mgf tjago cknmrky m`eut tjn e`va"

eus trngfs tjmt mrn nvng gew hmagagh bebngtub+ tjmt wn wakk rnmseg

tehntjnr mgf mttngf te tjn fmghnreus fastertaegs ag eur prnsngt wmys ei

fnscra`agh mgf bnmsuragh tjn pewnriuk cjmghns tjmt mrn gew ugfnr wmy+

tjmt wn wakk mctavnky cjeesn te prnsnrvn jubmg vmkuns mgf pretnct tjnb+

get knmst mhmagst tjn bncjmgastac mgf fnstructavn cegsnqungcns ei eur

`msnr agstagcts tjmt mrn gew bmhganf `y tncjgekehans bern pewnriuk

tjmg mgy tjmt tjesn ag prnvaeus hngnrmtaegs+ nvng Dukns Ynrgn+ ceukf jmvn

abmhagnf' A jmvn tranf by `nst te fnscra`n wjmt A `nkanvn tjn nvafngcn

sjews as bern kaonky tjmg get te prnsngt us watj abpertmgt cjeacns tjmt

wn bust cegscaeusky bmon tehntjnr' A fe se get eut ei inmr+ `ut `ncmusnA `nkanvn ag tjn iuturn'

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V J N I ^ V ^ P N

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=

NMPVJ AGC'

Vjn hke`mk ncegeby as `nagh trmgsierbnf `y cjmghns imr

hrnmtnr ag spnnf mgf scmkn tjmg mgy ag jubmg jastery' Xn mrn kav"

agh watj+ mgf ag+ Nmrtj Agc'4$ gmtaegmk pekacans+ rnhaegmk strmtnhans+

mgf kegh mccnptnf ncegebac tjnerans mrn gew arrnknvmgt te tjn gnw rnmka"

tans ei eur gnw jypnr"ceggnctnf+ tahjtky agtnhrmtnf+ jahjky agtnrmctavn+

mgf tncjgekehacmkky rnvekutaegaznf ncegeby'

Bmgy ei tjn best succnssiuk kmrhn ngtnrprasns ag tjn werkf gew pre"

fucn heefs ag vartumk hke`mk imcterans+ watj agtracmtn spafnrwn`s eisuppky cjmags ceggnctagh te jugfrnfs ei etjnr ngtnrprasns ag fezngs ei

ceugtrans' Bern mgf bern bmronts ier heefsmgf agcrnmsaghky snrvacns

tjmt fe get rnquarn imcn"te"imcn agtnrmctaegmrn gew hke`mk ag gmturn'

Jahjnr mgf jahjnr pnrcngtmhns ei wmhn nmrgnrs bust gew cebpntn get

egky watj wmhn nmrgnrs ag nvnry etjnr ceugtry+ `ut mkse watj agtnkkahngt

bmcjagns agtnrceggnctnf watj etjnr bmcjagns mgf cebputnr gntweros'

Vjn fahatazmtaeg ei wero mgf tjn frmbmtac mgf rnkmtavnky suffng bn"

tmstmsas ei wjmt usnf te `n cmkknf mutebmtaeg mrn fravagh twe bmssavn

j a k k

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N M PVJ AG C' | >

=' Vjn eutseurcagh ei de`s ireb agfustramk ncegebans te fnvnkepagh mgf

nbnrhagh ncegebans watj kmrhn pepukmtaegs mgf kewnr wmhns? mgf

0' Vjn re`eseurcagh ei de`s ireb jubmg `naghs te bncjmgaznf pre"cnssns+ cebputnr prehrmbs+ re`ets ei mkk sazns mgf sjmpns+ mgf stakk

rufabngtmry vnrsaegs ei mrtacamk agtnkkahngcn tjmt mrn abprevagh

ag tjnar nicmcy+ utakaty+ mgf pewnr watj nmcj pmssagh ynmr'

Vjn trmgsierbmtaeg ei tjn hke`mk ncegeby as `nst ugfnrsteef ms

mg nbnrhngt pjngebngegtjmt as+ egn ag wjacj tjn wjekn as get egky

hrnmtnr tjmg tjn sub ei ats pmrts+ `ut vnry faiinrngt ireb tjn sub ei ats

pmrts ag abpertmgt mgf pewnriuk wmys' At rnprnsngts sebntjagh gnwget

dust m bern agtnrceggnctnf cekknctaeg ei tjn smbn gmtaegmk mgf rnhaegmk

ncegebans tjmt usnf te agtnrmct watj egn mgetjnr+ `ut m cebpkntnky gnw

ngtaty watj faiinrngt agtnrgmk fygmbacs+ pmttnrgs+ bebngtub+ mgf rmw

pewnr tjmg wjmt wn jmvn `nng imbakamr watj ag tjn pmst' Vjnrn mrn kab"

ats te cress"`erfnr ffews ei pnepkn+ ei ceursn+ mgf trmfn ffews mrn streg"

hnr mbegh ceugtrans tjmt mrn ckesn te egn mgetjnr+ `ut tjn ngtarn hke`mk

ncegeby jms `nng ogat tehntjnr bucj bern tahjtky tjmg nvnr `niern'Dust ms tjn tjartnng Mbnracmg cekegans ag Gertj Mbnracm nbnrhnfms m

uganf wjekn ag tjn kmst qumrtnr ei tjn nahjtnngtj cngturymgf dust ms

tjn mgcangt wmkknf caty"stmtns ei Atmky nvngtumkky ncmbn m uganf gmtaeg

ag tjn sncegf jmki ei tjn gagntnngtj cngturytjn werkf ms m wjekn jms

gew nbnrhnfms m saghkn ncegebac ngtaty tjmt as bevagh quacoky tewmrf

iukk agtnhrmtaeg' Mt knmst tjmt as tjn rnmkaty ag tjn werkf ei cebbnrcn mgf

agfustry+ ag tjn werkf ei scangcn+ mgf ag tjn rmpaf sprnmfagh ei best gnw

tncjgekehans te cngtnrs ei cebbnrcn tjreuhjeut tjn werkf'

Ag tjn werkf ei pekatacs mgf hevnrgbngtmk pekacy+ gmtaeg"stmtns rn"

bmag tjn febagmgt pkmynrs' \sycjekehacmkky+ nbetaegmkky+ mgf ag tjn wmys

wn irmbn eur afngtaty+ best ei us stakk tjago mgf mct ms ai wn mrn stakk kavagh

ag tjn werkf wn ognw wjng wn wnrn yeugh' Ag imct+ jewnvnr+ wjnrn tjn

ncegebac rnmkatans ei kain mrn cegcnrgnf+ tjmt werkf as rncnfagh ireb vanw'

Vjas pewnriuk fravnr ei hke`mk cjmghnsebntabns keesnky mgf agmfn"

qumtnky rninrrnf te ms hke`mkazmtaegbmros get egky tjn ngf ei egn nrmag jastery mgf tjn `nhaggagh ei mgetjnr+ at bmros tjn nbnrhngcn ei m ceb"

k k ka a j ja j j ` a a

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9 | VJN I^V ^PN

Eutseurcagh mgf re`eseurcagh jmvn typacmkky `nng snng ms twe snpm"

rmtn mgf fastagct pjngebngmstufanf mgf fascussnf y faiinrngt hreups

ei ncegebasts+ tncjgekehasts+ mgf pekacy nxpnrts' Qnt tjny mrn fnnpky ag"

tnrtwagnf mgf rnprnsngt twe mspncts ei tjn smbn bnhm"pjngebngeg'Vjn tnctegac sjait tewmrf re`eseurcagh mgf AV"nbpewnrnf eut"

seurcagh frmbmtacmkky cjmghns tjn rmtae ei cmpatmk agputs te km`er agputs

mgf wnmongs tjn m`akaty ei weroagh pnepkn te fnbmgf jahjnr wmhns ag

agfustramk ceugtrans'

Vjn pekatacmk `mttkns evnr km`er rahjts ag tjn rst jmki ei tjn twngta"

ntj cngtury wnrn ieuhjt te fntnrbagn tjn rnkmtavn fastra`utaeg ei agcebn

ireb km`er mgf cmpatmk ag ngtnrprasns wjnrn weronrs wnrn erhmgaznf'

@ut tncjgekehy"fravng cjmghns mrn gew pkmyagh m bucj kmrhnr rekn ag

fntnrbagagh tjn iuturn ei wero mgf wjmt pnepkn nmrg ag rnturg ier at' Mr"

hubngts tjmt usnf te eccur ag m znre"sub cegtnxt ge keghnr snnb ms rnk"

nvmgt er pnrsumsavn wjng nbpkeynrs jmvn tjn rnmfaky mvmakm`kn eptaegs

te4 *m! sabpky ckesn tjn imctery er `usagnss mgf rnpkacmtn at ag m kew"wmhn

ceugtry+ er *`! rnpkmcn tjn km`er watj re`ets mgf mutebmtnf systnbs'

Ireb tjn stmgfpeagt ei imctery weronrs ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtns er Nu"

repn wjesn de`s mrn nkabagmtnf+ tjn abpmct ei mutebmtaeg mgf eutseurc"agh as nssngtamkky tjn smbn' Ireb tjn stmgfpeagt ei tjn imctery ewgnr+

prefuctavaty hurns typacmkky he up ms m rnsukt ei `etj eiisjeragh mgf

re`eseurcaghwjntjnr tjn gnw tncjgekehy as fnpkeynf ag tjn nxastagh

imcakaty er ag sebn iernahg ceugtry'

\ekacybmonrs eitng ceugt tjn rnsukt ms m succnss `ncmusn agcrnmsnf

prefuctavaty as rnhmrfnf ms nquavmkngt te tjn Jeky Hrmak ei prehrnss' Qnt

tjny mrn eitng `kagf te tjn iukk abpmct ei tjas precnss eg nbpkeybngt

ag tjn ceugtry wjnrn tjn cebpmgans crnfatnf watj prefuctavaty hrewtj

mrn gebagmkky kecmtnf+ nvng tjeuhj tjn trngf as gew mccnknrmtagh te tjn

peagt wjnrn tjn iugfmbngtmk rekn ei km`er ag tjn ncegeby ei tjn iuturn

as `nagh cmkknf agte qunstaeg'

Egn bmgainstmtaeg ei jew tjn mccnknrmtagh agtnrceggnctaeg ei tjn

hke`mk ncegeby fravns `etj eutseurcagh mgf re`eseurcagh sabuktm"

gneusky as tjmt re`eseurcagh as mkse eccurragh bern mgf bern rmpafky ag

nbnrhagh mgf fnvnkepagh ncegebans+ mgf as `nhaggagh te nkabagmtn mhrewagh pnrcngtmhn ei tjn de`s tjmt wnrn se rncngtky eutseurcnf ireb tjn

f f a f a k a

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N M PVJ AG C' | 8

Xnst+ mgf tjn prevasaeg ei wjmt ncegebasts mrn `nhaggagh te km`nk tncj"

gekehacmk cmpatmkagvnstbngts tjmt get egky agcrnmsn tjn prefuctavaty

ei `usagnss mgf agfustry+ `ut evnr tabn nkabagmtn kmrhn gub`nrs ei de`s

`etj ag tjn ceugtrans tjmt erahagmkky kesn tjn imcterans ms wnkk ms ag tjnceugtrans te wjacj tjny mrn rnkecmtnf'

Vjn weronrs ag kewnr"wmhn ceugtrans agatamkky `ngnt ireb tjn gnw

nbpkeybngt eppertugatansugtak tjn abprevnf kavagh stmgfmrfs tjny

jnkp te prefucn knmf tjnb te fnbmgf jahjnr wmhns tjnbsnkvns' Vjng

tjny tee `ncebn vukgnrm`kn te `nagh rnpkmcnf wjng tjn imctery ewg"

nrs mrn m`kn te purcjmsn nvnr abprevnfmgf nvnr cjnmpnrre`ets mgf

mutebmtnf precnssns watj tjn gnw prets tjny jmvn irnsjky nmrgnf ms m

rnsukt ei eutseurcagh ireb tjn Xnst' Egn Cjagnsn cegsubnr nknctregacs

bmguimcturnr+ Iexcegg+ mggeugcnf ag 0

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: | VJN I^V ^PN

soakks *ag fncabmk mratjbntac+ ier nxmbpkn+ wjacj as gncnssmry te epnrmtn

bmgy re`ets! tjmt tjny gnnf te kk tjn gnw de`s'

Gnw cebpmgans jmvn nbnrhnf te ceggnct egkagn weronrs watj de`s

tjmt cmg `n cjnmpky mgf nicangtky eutseurcnf evnr tjn Agtnrgnt' HmrySwmrt+ tjn CNE ei egn ei tjn bern succnssiuk egkagn de` `reonrmhns+

eFnso+ smaf jn as snnagh agcrnmsnf fnbmgf mcress tjn `emrf+ agckufagh

ier kmwynrs+ mcceugtmgts+ gmgcamk nxncutavns+ nvng bmgmhnrs' Mgf

re`eseurcagh as `nhaggagh te jmvn mg abpmct eg deurgmkasb' Gmrrmtavn

Scangcn+ m re`et rnpertagh cebpmgy ieugfnf `y twe farncters ei Gertj"

wnstnrg ^gavnrsatys Agtnkkahngt Agierbmtaeg Km`ermtery+ as gew prefuc"

agh mrtackns ier gnwspmpnrs mgf bmhmzagns watj mkheratjbs tjmt mgmkyzn

stmtastacmk fmtm ireb spertagh nvngts+ gmgcamk rnperts+ mgf hevnrgbngt

stufans' Egn ei tjn ceieugfnrs+ Orastamg Jmbbegf+ wje as mkse m pre"

insser mt tjn Bnfakk Scjeek ei Deurgmkasb+ tekf bn tjmt tjn `usagnss as

nxpmgfagh rmpafky agte bmgy gnw nkfs ei deurgmkasb' Vjn CNE+ Stumrt

Irmgonk+ smaf tjn inw jubmg wratnrs wje wero ier tjn cebpmgy jmvn n"

cebn bntm"deurgmkasts wje fnsahg tjn tnbpkmtns+ irmbns+ mgf mghkns

agte wjacj tjn mkheratjb agsnrts fmtm' Ag tjas wmy+ jn smaf+ tjny cmg

wratn bakkaegs ei sterans ms eppesnf te m saghkn stery mt m tabn'

Vjn cubukmtavn niinct ei tjn mccnknrmtagh agtrefuctaeg ei bmcjagn ag"

tnkkahngcn mgf tjn rnkecmtaeg ei wero te kew"wmhn ceugtrans as mkse crn"

mtagh bucj hrnmtnr agnqumkaty ei agcebns mgf gnt wertjget egky ag

fnvnkepnf ceugtrans+ ut ag tjn nbnrhagh ncegebans ms wnkk' Vjesn wje

kesn tjnar de`s jmvn knss agcebn+ wjakn tjesn wje `ngnt ireb tjn ag"

crnmsagh rnkmtavn vmkun ei tncjgekehacmk cmpatmk jmvn agcrnmsnf agcebn'

VJN HKE@MK XNMKVJ HM\

Ms tjas sjait ag tjn rnkmtavn vmkun ei tncjgekehy te km`er cegtaguns te mccnk"

nrmtn+ se tee wakk tjn knvnks ei agnqumkaty' Vjas pjngebngeg as get ag tjn

rnmkb ei tjnery' At as jmppngagh rahjt gew eg m kmrhn scmkn' Ms tncjgekehacmk

cmpatmk `ncebns bern mgf bern abpertmgt cebpmrnf te tjn vmkun ei km`er+bern mgf bern ei tjn agcebn fnravnf ireb prefuctavn mctavatans as nceb"

a f f a j j f i i f i ka

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N M PVJ AG C' | 1

cebn kmffnr ag mkbest nvnry agfustramk ceugtry mgf nbnrhagh gmtaegs

kaon Cjagm mgf Agfam' Kmtag Mbnracm as tjn rmrn nxcnptaeg' Hke`mkky+

tncjgekehacmk eiisjeragh jms mt knmst tnbpermraky abprevnf tjn nqumk"

aty ei agcebn+ `ncmusn ei tjn bmssavn trmgsinr ei agfustramkmgf gewsnrvacnde`s te kewnr"wmhn ceugtrans ms m hreup' Eg m gmtaeg `y gmtaeg

`msas+ tjeuhj+ agnqumkaty ei agcebn fastra`utaegmgf ei gnt wertjas

agcrnmsagh nvng imstnr ag Cjagm mgf Agfam tjmg ag tjn ^'S er Nurepn'

Mgf agcebn agnqumkaty rnmcjnf m twngty"ynmr jahj ag 0

Cjagm ireb 3< te tjn kew 6 pnrcngt' Xjng tjn tmx rmtn abpesnf eg agcebn ireb cmpatmk

agvnstbngts as sahgacmgtky kewnr tjmg tjn tmx rmtns abpesnf eg agcebn

nmrgnf ag rnturg ier km`er er ireb tjesn wje snkk tjn gmturmk rnseurcns

usnf ag tjn precnss+ tjng tjn rmtae ei agcebn ffewagh te tjesn prevafagh

tjn cmpatmk gmturmkky agcrnmsns'

Ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtns >< pnrcngt ei mkk cmpatmk hmags agcebn hens te

tjn tep egn tjeusmgftj ei egn pnrcngt' Vjn currngt pekatacmk afnekehy

tjmt supperts tjas fastra`utaeg ei agcebn rninrs te tjnsn wnmktjy agvnsters

ms de` crnmters+ `ut watj re`eseurcagh mgf eutseurcagh+ tjn cubukm"

tavn abpmct ei tjn cmpatmk tjny prevafn as+ wjmtnvnr ats `ngncamk niincts+gnhmtavn ag tnrbs ei de`s'

A a a a j j ^ a f S j a k

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30/62

=< | VJ N I^V ^PN

tjn cegcngtrmtaeg ei wnmktj jnkf `y tjn tep egn pnrcngt+ wje gew jmvn

bern wnmktj tjmg tjn pnepkn ag tjn `etteb 1< pnrcngt' Vjn wnmktjanst

6< bakkaeg Mbnracmgs ag tjn `etteb >< pnrcngt' Vjn vn cjak"frng mgf egn fmuhjtnr"ag"kmw ei Smb mgf @uf Xmkteg *tjn ieugfnrs ei

Xmkbmrt! jmvn bern wnmktj tjmg tjn `etteb 3< pnrcngt ei Mbnracmgs'

Ag tnrbs ei mggumk agcebn+ tjn tep egn pnrcngt gew rncnavn mkbest

0> pnrcngt ei mkk ^'S' agcebn mggumkky+ up ireb =0 pnrcngt dust m qumr"

tnr cngtury mhe' Xjakn tjn mitnr"tmx agcebn ei tjn mvnrmhn Mbnracmg

ckab`nf egky 0= pnrcngt evnr tjn kmst twngty"vn ynmrs+ tjn agcebn ei

tjn tep pnrcngt ag tjn gnxt vn ynmrs+ cress"`erfnr cmpatmk ffews mrn nxpnctnf

te cegtagun agcrnmsagh tjrnn tabns imstnr tjmg HF\'

Vjn cubukmtavn agvnstbngt `y tjn rnst ei tjn werkf ag mfvmgcnf

ncegebans as mkse hrewaghtjeuhj get `y ms bucj' Stecos ei iernahg

farnct agvnstbngt ag agfustramkaznf ceugtrans kaon tjn ^gatnf Stmtns ag"

crnmsnf ireb > te 3< pnrcngt ei HF\ ireb =1:< te 0

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NMP VJ AGC ' | ==

Stmtns+ Nurepn+ Cjagm+ mgf etjnr nbnrhagh ncegebans' Cjagms ncegeby+

egn tjarf tjn sazn ei tjn ^gatnf Stmtns ncegeby egky tng ynmrs mhe+ wakk

surpmss tjn 'S' ms tjn kmrhnst ncegeby ag tjn werkf watjag tjas fncmfn' Ag"

fnnf+ Cjagm jms mkrnmfy bevnf nyegf Mbnracm ag bmguimcturagh eutput+gnw xnf agvnstbngt+ nxperts+ stnnk cegsubptaeg+ ngnrhy cegsubptaeg+

CE0

nbassaegs+ cmr smkns+ gnw pmtngts hrmgtnf te rnsafngts+ mgf be`akn

pjegns' At gew jms twacn tjn gub`nr ei Agtnrgnt usnrs' Cjagms rasn jms n"

cebn tjn best pewnriuk syb`ek ei tjn gnw pmttnrg ag tjn hke`mk ncegeby

quacoky suppkmgtagh tjn egn kegh mssecamtnf watj ^'S' febagmgcn'

Vjn cegsnqungcns ei tjas trmgsierbmtaeg ag tjn hke`mk ncegeby mrn

`nhaggagh te n bmgainstnf ag ugusumkky jahj rmtns ei pnrsastngt ugnbpkey"

bngt mgf ugfnrnbpkeybngtmgf m skewfewg ag tjn fnbmgf ier heefs

mgf snrvacns ag cegsubnr"erangtnf ncegebans' Vjn kess ei baffkn"agcebn

de`s ag agfustramk ceugtrans cmg ge keghnr `n kmbnf prabmraky eg tjn `usa"

gnss cyckntjn mktnrgmtagh pnraefs ei rncnssaeg mgf rncevnry tjmt `ragh

de`s ag mgf eut kaon tjn tafn' Cyckacmk imcters stakk mcceugt ier cegsafnrm`kn

de` hmags mgf kessns+ `ut vartumkky mkk agfustramk ceugtrans snnb pnrpknxnf

mgf pewnrknss ag tjnar niierts te crnmtn de`s watj mfnqumtn wmhns+ mgf mrn

struhhkagh watj jew te rnpkmcn cegsubnr fnbmgf ier heefs mgf snrvacns ternahgatn mgf%er sekafaiy mgetjnr rncevnry pjmsn ag tjn `usagnss cyckn'

Ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtns+ tjn kmst tng ynmrs rnprnsngts tjn egky fncmfn

sagcn tjn Hrnmt Fnprnssaeg wjng tjnrn jmvn nng znre gnt de`s mffnf te

tjn ncegeby' Furagh tjn smbn tng ynmrs+ prefuctavaty hrewtj jms `nng

jahjnr tjmg ag mgy fncmfn sagcn tjn =19

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32/62

=0 | V JN I^V ^PN

ag tjn `mkmgcn ei hke`mk ncegebac pewnr' Mkrnmfy+ ag tjn mitnrbmtj ei tjn

Hrnmt Pncnssaeg+ at as tjn nbnrhagh ncegebans tjmt jmvn `ncebn tjn prag"

capmk nghagns ei hke`mk hrewtj' Ms m hreup tjny mrn hrewagh bucj imstnr

tjmg tjn fnvnkepnf ceugtrans' Sebn mgmkysts feu`t tjn sustmagm`akaty eitjnsn hrewtj rmtns' @ut wjmtnvnr tjnar rmtn ei hrewtj+ at as egky m bmttnr ei

tabn niern tjnsn ncegebans nxpnrangcn tjn smbn jnberrjmhagh ei de`s te

agtnkkahngt bmcjagns tjmt as wnkk ugfnr wmy ag tjn Xnst'

Best pnepkn mgf pekatacmk knmfnrs ag mfvmgcnf agfustramk ceugtrans stakk

mttra`utn tjn fasmppnmrmgcn ei baffkn"agcebn de`s sabpky te eiisjeragh+

watjeut iecusagh eg tjn ugfnrkyagh cmusn4 tjn nbnrhngt rnmkaty ei Nmrtj

Agc'+ mgf tjn fnnp agtnrceggnctaeg `ntwnng eutseurcagh mgf re`eseurc"

agh' Vjas basfamhgesas jms knf ag turg te favasavn fn`mtns evnr prepesmks

te cut wmhns+ abpesn trmfn rnstractaegs+ frmstacmkky cjmghn tjn secamk ceb"

pmct `ntwnng ekf mgf yeugh mgf racj mgf peer+ mgf cut tmxns eg wnmktjy

agvnsters te ngceurmhn tjnb te `uakf bern imcterans ag tjn Xnst'

Vjnsn fastrmctagh mgf mkbest peagtknss mrhubngts evnr km`er peka"

cans mrn ncjenf ag sabakmrky bashuafnf fn`mtns evnr tjn abpmct ei gm"taegmk pekacans eg gmgcamk ffews ag tjn mhn ei Nmrtj Agc' Vjn gmturn mgf

vekubn ei cmpatmk bevnbngts ag tjn nvnr bern tahjtky agtnrceggnctnf

hke`mk ncegeby mrn `nagh trmgsierbnf `y supnrcebputnrs mgf sepjasta"

cmtnf seitwmrn mkheratjbs tjmt gew jmgfkn tjn vmst bmderaty ei gmgcamk

trmgsmctaegs watj m fnstructavn nbpjmsas eg nxtrnbnky sjert"tnrb je"

razegs' Egn cegsnqungcn ei tjas cjmghn as m gnw knvnk ei vekmtakaty mgf

cegtmhaeg ag tjn hke`mk ncegeby msmwjekn' Bmder bmront fasruptaegs

mrn eccurragh watj hrnmtnr irnqungcy mgf mrn rnvnr`nrmtagh bern wafnky

tjreuhjeut tjn werkf'

VJN GNNF IEP S\NNF

Vjn suffng fasruptaeg ag crnfat bmronts tjmt `nhmg ag 0

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N M PVJ AG C' | =3

Nxetac+ cebputnr"fravng bmguimcturnf gmgcamk prefucts kaon tjn

egns tjmt knf te tjn Hrnmt Pncnssaeg gew rnprnsngt cmpatmk ffews watj m ge"

taegmk vmkun twngty"tjrnn tabns kmrhnr tjmg tjn ngtarn hke`mk HF\' Vjnsn

se"cmkknf fnravmtavns mrn gew trmfnf nvnry fmy ag vekubns ierty tabnskmrhnr tjmg mkk ei tjn fmaky trmfns ag mkk ei tjn werkfs steco bmronts put

tehntjnr' Agfnnf+ nvng wjng tjn kmrhnr bmront ag `egfs as mffnf te tjn

bmront ag stecos+ tjn nstabmtnf vmkun ei fnravmtavns as gew tjartnng tabns

kmrhnr tjmg tjn ceb`agnf vmkun ei nvnry steco mgf nvnry `egf eg Nmrtj'

Vjn pepukmr abmhn ei trmfagh ffeers as stakk egn wjnrn pnepkn ynkk mt

egn mgetjnr wjakn bmoagh jmgf sahgmks+ `ut jubmg `naghs jmvn m bucj

sbmkknr rekn ag tjn ffews ei cmpatmk ag hke`mk bmronts gew tjmt tjny mrn

febagmtnf `y jahj"spnnf+ jahj"irnqungcy trmfns bmfn `y supnrceb"

putnrs' Ag tjn ^gatnf Stmtns+ jahj"spnnf+ jahj"irnqungcy trmfagh rnp"

rnsngtnf bern tjmg 9< pnrcngt ei mkk trmfns ag 0

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34/62

=6 | VJ N I^V ^PN

supnrcebputnrs mfdmcngt te tjnar trmfagh ffeers`ncmusn nvng mt tjn

spnnf ei kahjt+ tjn mbeugt ei tabn at tmons ier tjn agierbmtaeg te cress tjn

strnnt ireb mgetjnr `uakfagh weukf ceginr m cebpntatavn fasmfvmgtmhn'

M inw ynmrs mhe+ m `usagnss irangf ag Sakaceg Ymkkny tekf bn m`eut mgeppertugaty te agvnst ag mg ugusumk prednct te uakf m strmahjt"ms"mg"mrrew

`nr eptac cm`kn ireb Cjacmhes trmfagh cngtnr ag tjn aggnr Keep te tjn

Gnw Qero Steco Nxcjmghns trmfagh cngtnr ag Bmjwmj+ Gnw Dnrsny' Vjn

agjnrngt vmkun ei tjn prednctsagcn cebpkntnfcmbn ireb ats preb"

asn te sjmvn tjrnn bakkasncegfs eii tjn tabn at teeo te trmgsbat agierbm"

taeg evnr tjn :0> bakns *ireb =9'3 te =3'3 bakkasncegfs!' Vrmfnrs mt tjn

etjnr ngf ei tjn cm`kn hmag sucj m sahgacmgt mfvmgtmhn watj m tjrnn"

bakkasncegf jnmf stmrt evnr tjnar cebpntaters tjmt mccnss te tjas gnw

cm`kn as `nagh sekf mt prnbaub pracns' Mg nvng gnwnr bacrewmvn systnb

watj nvng imstnr fmtm spnnfs *tjeuhj knss rnkam`akaty ag `mf wnmtjnr! as

gew `nagh `uakt mkegh tjn smbn reutn'

Vjn bnktagh ei tjn Gertj \ekmr Acn Cmp jms knf te tjn stmrt ei m gnw

prednct te ceggnct bmronts ag Veoye mgf Gnw Qero watj imstnr gmgcamk

agierbmtaeg ffews vam m `nr cm`kn mkegh tjn `etteb ei tjn Mrctac Ecnmg'

Vjrnn etjnr predncts jmvn cebbngcnf te kago Dmpmg mgf Nurepn ugfnrtjn Mrctac+ mgf m gnw trmgsmtkmgtac cm`kn nagh uakt ier mgetjnr &3

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N M PVJ AG C' | =>

snrvacns agfustry ier tjn rnkmxmtaeg ei rnhukmtery stmgfmrfs tjmt usnf te

abpnfn tjn bmrontagh ei sucj agstrubngts'

Mg nstabmtnf :0 pnrcngt ei fnravmtavns mrn nxetac agstrubngts `msnf

eg agtnrnst rmtns+ mkbest == pnrcngt mrn `msnf eg iernahg nxcjmghn ceg"trmcts+ mgf reuhjky 9 pnrcngt mrn `msnf eg crnfat fnravmtavns' Knss tjmg

egn pnrcngt mrn `msnf eg tjn vmkun ei mctumk cebbefatans' @ut tjn evnr"

mkk ffews mrn se agcrnfa`ky kmrhn tjmt+ te paco egn nxmbpkn+ tjn vmkun ei eak

fnravmtavns trmfnf eg m typacmk fmy as mg mstegasjagh ieurtnng tabns tjn

vmkun ei mkk tjn mctumk `mrrnks ei eak trmfnf eg tjmt smbn fmy'

Ag tjnery+ tjnsn jahj"vekubn+ jahj"irnqungcy cebputnr"fravng

ffews mrn dustanf `y tjn mssnrtaeg tjmt tjny abprevn tjn kaquafaty mgf

nicangcy ei bmronts' Bmgy ncegebasts mgf `mgonrs jekf tjn vanw tjmt

tjn kmrhn ffews ei cmpatmk rnprnsngtnf `y fnravmtavns mctumkky mff te tjn

stm`akaty ei bmronts mgf fe get agcrnmsn systnbac raso+ ag pmrt `ncmusn

`mgos jekf cekkmtnrmk nqumk te m kmrhn pnrcngtmhn ei wjmt tjny mrn trmfagh'

Etjnrs+ jewnvnr+ peagt eut tjmt tjas vanw as `msnf eg tjn gew e`"

sekntn mssubptaeg tjmt bern kaquafaty as mkwmys `nttnrmg mssubptaeg

tjmt as ag turg `msnf eg twe tjnerans m`eut bmronts tjmt mrn pmrt ei tjn

kegh fascrnfatnf stmgfmrf befnk4 tjmt bmronts tngf tewmrf nquaka`"raub *tjny fegt!+ mgf tjmt pnrinct agierbmtaeg as abpkacatky rnffnctnf

ag tjn cekknctavn `njmvaer ieugf ag tjn bmront *at asgt!' Ge`nk \razn

waggagh ncegebast Desnpj Stahkatz smys tjmt jahj"spnnf trmfagh prefucns

egky imon kaquafaty'

VJN CJMKKNGHN EI CEB\KNZAVQ

^gkaon trmfns ag tjn steco mgf `egf bmronts+ fnravmtavns trmfns mrn

mkbest cebpkntnky mgf tetmkky ugrnhukmtnf' Vjmt mffs te tjn raso ei

agcrnmsnf vekmtakaty ag bmronts+ nspncamkky wjng tjn fmaky vekubn ei nknc"

tregac trmgsinrs ei cmpatmk gew nxcnnfs tjn ceb`agnf tetmk ei mkk ei tjn

rnsnrvns ag tjn cngtrmk `mgos ei mkk mfvmgcnf ceugtrans' Ag prmctacn+ tjn

prehrnssavn faspkmcnbngt ei jubmg fncasaeg bmoagh ireb tjn precnss

mgf tjn nxpkesaeg ag tjn trmfagh ei mrtacamk gmgcamk agstrubngts ag vek"

ubns tjmt fwmri tjn trmgsmctaegs ei rnmk vmkun ag tjn hke`mk ncegeby jmscegtra`utnf te tjn agcrnmsnf irnqungcy ei bmder faskecmtaegs ag tjn rekn

i a k ka `k f i a i i f a S i j

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36/62

=9 | V JN I^V ^PN

Vjnrn mrn twe imcters tjmt nxpkmag tjn ugfnrkyagh rnmseg wjy tjn

bmgmhnbngt ei hke`mk cmpatmk ffews `y supnrcebputnrs ag bacresncegf

agtnrvmks crnmtns gnw systnbac rasos ag bmronts4 nxtrnbn cebpknxaty mgf

tahjt ceupkagh' Mgf tjny wero ag ceb`agmtaeg' Iarst+ tjn cebpknxaty eitjn systnb sebntabns prefucns kmrhn mgf treu`knsebn mgebmkans cmusnf

`y m ierb ei mkheratjbac jmrbegacs *nssngtamkky cebputnr prehrmbs rn"

mctagh te egn mgetjnrs sabuktmgneus epnrmtaegs rmtjnr tjmg ugfnrkyagh

bmront rnmkatans!' Vjas cebpknxaty bnmgs tjmt tjn pre`knbs tjus agtre"

fucnf agte tjn systnbs epnrmtaeg cmg n nxtrnbnky faicukt ier mgy mctumk

jubmg nagh te ugfnrstmgf watjeut tmoagh m cegsafnrm`kn mbeugt ei tabn

te hnt te tjn etteb ei wjmt jms hegn wregh' Sncegf+ tjn tahjt ceupkagh ei

buktapkn supnrcebputnrs ngsurns tjmt ge egn wakk jmvn tjn kuxury ei tabn

te hurn eut wjmts hegn wregh+ bucj knss tjn tabn te mffrnss at'

Egn nxmbpkn4 eg Bmy 9+ 0

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NMP VJ AGC' | =8

nxetac ierb ei agsurmgcn tjmt turgnf eut te `n akkusery' Supnrcebput"

nrs skacnf mgf facnf tjn su`prabn berthmhns agte fnravmtavns tjmt wnrn

se cebpknx tjmt ge jubmg `nagh ceukf pessa`ky ugfnrstmgf tjnb' Mgf

egcn mhmag+ tjn re`eseurcagh ei tjnsn nxetac gmgcamk agstrubngts mafnfmgf m`nttnf tjn bmrontagh ei tjesn smbn prefucts te `uynrs tjreuhjeut

tjn hke`mk ncegeby'

Xjng tjn mctumk qumkaty mgf rnmk vmkun ei tjn berthmhns ag qunstaeg

wnrn nkmtnfky nxmbagnf+ tjny wnrn suffngky rnpracnf eg m bmss msas

trahhnragh tjn crnfat crasas mgf urstagh tjn jeusagh u``kn ag tjn gatnf

Stmtns' Vjn imct tjmt tjny jmf `nng kagonf te m cebpknx wn` ei etjnr

cebputnr"fravng gmgcamk trmgsmctaegs *cekkmtnrmkaznf fn`t e`kahmtaegs+ er

CFEs! knf te tjn crnfat crasas+ m bmssavn fasruptaeg ag tjn mvmakm`akaty ei

cmpatmk ms m `msac imcter ei prefuctaeg ag tjn hke`mk ncegebynssngtamkky+

m hke`mk rug eg `mgos' Vjas knf+ ag turg+ te tjn Hrnmt Pncnssaeg+ tjn ni"

incts ei wjacj wn mrn stakk struhhkagh te nscmpn'

Agcafngtmkky+ mitnr tjn bmguimcturagh ei tjnsn fnravmtavns hmagnf be"

bngtub mgf scmkn+ vartumkky tjn egky rnbmagagh rekn ier jubmg `naghs ag

tjn precnss rnsuktnf ireb tjn knhmk rnquarnbngt ier m sahgmturn eg nmcj

ugfnrkyagh berthmhn `y sebnegn watj tjn rnspegsa`akaty ier rnvanwaghtjn agtnhraty ei nmcj berthmhn tjmt jmf `nng skacnf+ facnf+ sncurataznf+

mgf ru``nr"stmbpnf watj m MMM rmtagh `y cerruptnf mgf cmptavn rmtaghs

mhngcans+ tjng sekf mreugf tjn werkf'

Ms tjn su`snqungt kmwsuats rnvnmknf+ tjas rnquarnbngt ier sahgm"

turns `y mctumk jubmg `naghs ceukf get onnp up watj tjn spnnf ei tjn

supnrcebputnrsse kew"wmhn nbpkeynns wnrn jarnf te ierhn tjn sah"

gmturns ei kemg eicnrs m jugfrnf tabns m bagutn+ watjeut tjn skahjt"

nst mttngtaeg te tjn su`stmgcn mgf bnmgagh ei tjn fecubngts tjny wnrn

sahgaghm prmctacn tjmts nng pepukmrky km`nknf re`esahgagh' Vjeuhj

ge re`ets wnrn agvekvnf+ tjn vnry tnrb akkustrmtns tjn agtnrtwagagh ei re"

`eseurcagh mgf eutseurcagh'

^gtak tjn crasas ei 0

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HKE@MK AGVNHPMVAEG

Vjn cmusns ei tjas ugprncnfngtnf mccnknrmtaeg ag tjn agtnhrmtaeg ei tjn

hke`mk ncegeby jmvn agckufnf snvnrmk imcters sabuktmgneusky4 tjn cek"kmpsn ei cebbugasb mgf tjn agtrefuctaeg ei bern bmront"erangtnf peka"

cans ag tjn ierbnr cebbugast `kec ceugtrans? tjn epngagh mgf befnrg"

azmtaeg ei Cjagm ugfnr Fngh Zamepagh *m precnss tjmt jms mkse cegtagunf

te mccnknrmtn watj tjn rmpaf rasn ei Cjagms ncegebac strnghtj!? mgf rnve"

kutaegmry cjmghns ag trmgspertmtaeg+ cebbugacmtaegs+ mgf agierbmtaeg

tncjgekehy'

\nrjmps best sahgacmgtky+ trmfn `mrranrs wnrn kewnrnf ag tjn ka`nr"

mkazmtaeg precnss tjmt `nhmg watj tjn Hngnrmk Mhrnnbngt eg Vmraiis mgf

Vrmfn *HMVV! mt tjn ngf ei Xerkf Xmr AA *m precnss tjmt jms mccnknrmtnf ag

tjn ynmrs sagcn!' Agtnrgmtaegmk trmfn ffews jmvn agcrnmsnf tngiekf evnr tjn

kmst tjarty ynmrsireb &3 trakkaeg mggumkky te &3< trakkaeg mggumkkymgf mrn

cegtaguagh te hrew mt m rmtn jmki mhmag imstnr tjmg hke`mk prefuctaeg'

Vjnrn jmvn+ ei ceursn+ `nng prnvaeus pnraefs wjng gnw surhns ei

hke`mk trmfn rnsuktnf ag sahgacmgt cjmghns ag tjn pmttnrg ei tjn hke`mk

ncegeby' Vjn imbeus tjeuhj `rani veymhns ei tjn knhngfmry Cjagnsnnugucj Mfbarmk Tjngh Jn furagh tjn rst tjrnn fncmfns ei tjn itnngtj

cngtury te Nmst Miracm prnhurnf tjn Yeymhns ei Fascevnry `y Cjraste"

pjnr Cekub`us te tjn Gnw Xerkf+ `y Ymsce fm Hmbm mreugf tjn Cmpn ei

Heef Jepn+ mgf y Certs+ \azmrre+ mgf mkk tjn etjnrs tjmt kagonf Nurepn

te tjn Gnw Xerkf mgf te Msam'

\raer te tjn fnvnkepbngt ei agtnrcegtagngtmk ecnmg trmfn reutns+ tjn

nstm`kasjbngt ei tjn Beghek Nbparn ag tjn tjartnngtj cngtury mgf tjn

\mx Beghekacm tjmt iekkewnf epngnf kmgf reutns ier tjng ugprncnfngtnftrmfn ffews `ntwnng Cjagm+ Agfam+ Cngtrmk Msam+ Pussam+ mgf Nmstnrg Nu"

repn' Iekkewagh tjn @kmco Fnmtj ag tjn baf"ieurtnngtj cngtury+ mgf

tjn wnmongagh ei Beghek rukn+ tjn ckesagh ei evnrkmgf reutns `ntwnng

Nurepn mgf Msam egcn mhmag crnmtnf m `ettkngnco tjmt ffewnf tjreuhj

tjn Baffkn Nmst+ trmfn ffews tjmt wnrn kmrhnky cegtrekknf `y Yngacn mgf

Nhypt'

At wms+ ag pmrt+ tjn agtngsn ncegebac prnssurn ag Xnstnrg Nurepn

tjmt cegtra`utnf te tjn fmragh niiert te gf mg ecnmg reutn te Agfam mgf

Cja Vj a ff i kf f ak i j G X kf N

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NMP VJ AGC' | =1

creps agte Nurepn mgf Miracmrnvekutaegaznf tjn ekf pmttnrg ei tjn

hke`mk ncegeby+ sucj ms at wms'

Ncegebac jasteramgs mkse rnbagf us tjmt Cjagm mgf Agfam tehntjnr

mcceugtnf ier jmki er bern ei werkf HF\ ireb mt knmst tjn ynmr = tjreuhjtjn `nhaggagh ei tjn Sncegf Agfustramk Pnvekutaeg bafwmy tjreuhj

tjn gagntnngtj cngtury' Cjagms ncegeby wms tjn saghkn kmrhnst ag tjn

werkf ag =>

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0< | V JN I^V ^PN

Ag tjn pmst+ cngtnrs ei nxpnrtasn ag m pmrtacukmr tncjgekehy er agfustry

usumkky nbnrhnf ag spncac kecmtaegs wjnrn m ckustnr ei pnepkn watj saba"kmr soakks mgf nxpnrangcn fnvnkepnf m kecmk gntwero ei ceggnctaegs watj

egn mgetjnr+ knmrgnf ireb egn mgetjnr+ mgf abprevnf egn mgetjnrs agge"

vmtaegs watj agcrnbngtmk mfvmgcns+ sebntabns cmkknf twnmos' @ratasj"

Cmgmfamg deurgmkast Bmkcekb Hkmfwnkk+ wratagh ag VjnGnwQeronr+ havns m

pewnriuk nxmbpkn ei tjas pjngebngeg4

Ag =881+ Smbunk Crebpteg+ m rntaragh hngaus ireb Kmgcmsjarn+ ag"

vngtnf tjn spaggagh bukn+ wjacj bmfn pessa`kn tjn bncjmgazmtaeg

ei cetteg bmguimcturn' Qnt Nghkmgfs rnmk mfvmgtmhn wms tjmt at jmf

Jngry Stegns+ ei Jerwacj+ wje mffnf bntmk rekknrs te tjn bukn? mgf

Dmbns Jmrhrnmvns+ ei Vettaghteg+ wje hurnf eut jew te sbeetj tjn

mccnknrmtaeg mgf fncnknrmtaeg ei tjn spaggagh wjnnk? mgf Xakkamb

Onkky+ ei Hkmshew+ wje weronf eut jew te mff wmtnr pewnr te tjn

frmw streon? mgf Dejg Onggnfy+ ei Bmgcjnstnr+ wje mfmptnf tjn

wjnnk te turg eut gn ceugts? mgf+ gmkky+ Pacjmrf Pe`nrts+ mkse eiBmgcjnstnr+ m bmstnr ei prncasaeg bmcjagn teekaghmgf tjn twnmo"

nrs twnmonr' Jn crnmtnf tjn mutebmtac spaggagh bukn4 mg nxmctagh+

jahj"spnnf+ rnkam`kn rntjagoagh ei Crebptegs erahagmk crnmtaeg' Sucj

bng+ tjn ncegebasts mrhun+ prevafnf tjn bacre agvngtaegs gncns"

smry te bmon bmcre agvngtaegs jahjky prefuctavn mgf rnbugnrmtavn'

Xjng tjn Agfustramk Pnvekutaeg hmagnf bebngtub ag tjn ^gatnf

Oaghfeb furagh tjn nahjtnngtj cngtury+ tjnrn wms m prexabmtn ceggnc"

taeg `ntwnng tjn agvngters+ tagonrnrs+ `kmcosbatjs+ mgf nghagnnrs wje

cegtra`utnf te tjn abprevnbngt ei m kmrhn ckustnr ei tncjgekehans tjmt

kmtnr sprnmf tjreuhjeut tjn werkf' Vjn rnvekutaeg tjny stmrtnf wms mt

rst ceggnf te egn ceugtry mgf tjng+ skewky mt rst+ sprnmf tjreuhjeut

tjn Gertj Mtkmgtac rnhaeg'

Ats trun tjmt tncjgekehy ckustnrs stakk bmttnr' Sakaceg Ymkkny+ ag Gertj"

nrg Cmkaiergam+ as egn ei tjn prnbanr nxmbpkns' Imcn"te"imcn+ pnrsegmkagtnrmctaegs mbegh cuttagh"nfhn nxpnrts iecusnf eg tjn smbn snt ei

j k a a akk i j i k f a

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NMP VJ AGC' | 0=

wmy tewmrf nvnr bern irnqungt bmcre" mgf bacre"agvngtaegs tjmt mccnk"

nrmtn tjn rnpkmcnbngt ei jubmg de`s y ceggnctnf agtnkkahngt bmcjagns'

Mgf snnbaghky sbmkk abprevnbngts ag mutebmtaeg mgf nicangcy eitng

jmvn eutsaznf cegsnqungcns ier tjn evnrmkk nicangcy mgf prefuctavatyag m pmrtacukmr sncter'

SBMKK CJMGHNS+ @AH AB\MCVS

Ve akkustrmtn tjas peagt+ cegsafnr twe nxmbpkns4 egn ireb tjn kmtn stmhns ei

tjn bncjmgazmtaeg ei mhracukturn+ ag tjn =1>

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00 | V JN I^V ^PN

@ut wjmt wms best stmrtkagh te bn wms tjmt egn nbpkeynn wms mkk tjmt

wms gnnfnf te cekknct tjn fmaky eutput ei nhhs ireb =

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NMP VJ AGC ' | 03

cebn trmgsinr systnbs sucj ms ugnbpkeybngt cebpngsmtaeg mgf Secamk

Sncuraty mgf fasm`akaty pmybngts'

Xjng A `ncmbn vacn prnsafngt ag =113+ tjnrn wnrn+ eg mvnrmhn+ ieur

faiinrngt eicns rnprnsngtagh tjn Fnpmrtbngt ei Mhracukturn kecmtnf agnvnry egn ei tjn 3+

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06 | VJ N I^V ^PN

jn bmfn jastery `y eutttagh mg ngtarn sjap te cmrry 009 cegtmagnrs tjmt

wnrn sngt ireb pert Gnwmro mgf eiffemfnf m wnno kmtnr ag Jeusteg egte

tjn cjmssas ei 009 trucos wmatagh te cmrry tjnb te tjnar fnstagmtaegs' Vjn

cegtmagnrsjap rnvekutaeg tjmt `nhmg ag tjn imkk ei =1>8 jms jmf sucj mgabpmct eg hke`mk trmfn tjmt ag 0< bakkaeg trmaknr"truco"

saznf cegtmagnrs wakk cmrry heefs ireb egn ceugtry te mgetjnr'

Vjn prehrnssavn agtrefuctaeg ei agtnkkahngcn mgf gntweroagh as mc"

cnknrmtagh tjas smbn precnss ag mkbest mkk mrnms ei bmguimcturagh' Jahj"

qumkaty kmrhn"scrnng tnknvasaeg snts+ ier nxmbpkn+ jmvn cebn fewg bern

tjmg > pnrcngt ag pracn nmcj ynmr mgf mrn gew ag surpkus suppky *bucj ms

ieef hrmags wnrn m inw fncmfns mhe!' Vjn rst ceker tnknvasaeg snt wms sekf

ag =1>3 mt m pracn tjmt+ ag tefmys fekkmrs+ weukf `n &:+

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N M PVJ AG C' | 0>

fnckagn+ `ut m fnckagn tjmt kurcjnf fewgwmrf ireb egn pkmtnmu te tjn

gnxt ms gnw aggevmtaegs `ncmbn mvmakm`kn mgf wnrn abpknbngtnf' Ag

egn sax"ynmr pnraefireb =1:< te =1:9tjn gub`nr ei jeurs ei km`er

rnquarnf te prefucn m teg ei ceppnr inkk `y >< pnrcngt' Ag tjmt smbn fn"cmfn+ egn ei tjn kmrhnst cebpmgans+ Onggncett+ agcrnmsnf km`er prefuc"

tavaty ag egn ei ats kmrhnst bagns `y 6

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09 | VJ N I^V ^PN

ms tmxa fravnrs mgf cjmuiinurs' Mkrnmfy+ sebn Mustrmkamg bagagh cebpm"

gans jmvn rnpkmcnf jahj"wmhn truco fravnrs watj fravnrknss trucos'

Xjnrn snrvacns mrn cegcnrgnf+ wn mrn mkse snnagh m tjarf trngf+ wjacj

bahjt `n cmkknf snki"seurcagh4 agfavafumk cegsubnrs ei snrvacns+ nb"pewnrnf watj kmpteps+ sbmrtpjegns+ tm`knts+ mgf etjnr prefuctavaty"

ngjmgcagh fnvacns+ mrn agtnrmctagh watj agtnkkahngt prehrmbs te niinctavnky

pmrtgnr watj bmcjagn agtnkkahngcn te niinctavnky rnpkmcn bmgy ei tjn pne"

pkn wje usnf te `n nbpkeynf ag snrvacn de`s' Bmgy markagn trmvnknrs reu"

tagnky bmon tjnar ewg rnsnrvmtaegs+ paco tjnar ewg snmts+ mgf pragt tjnar

`emrfagh pmssns' Bmgy supnrbmronts mgf etjnr sterns ngm`kn sjeppnrs te

jmgfkn tjn cjncoeut mgf pmybngt precnss eg tjnar ewg' @mgos `nhmg te

prevafn cmsj watj MVB bmcjagns mgf gew eiinr nxtngsavn egkagn `mgo"

agh snrvacns' Custebnrs ei bmgy `usagnssns gew reutagnky fnmk watj

cebputnrs eg tjn tnknpjegn' Gmtaegmk pestmk snrvacns ag bmgy ceugtrans+

agckufagh tjn ^'S'+ mrn `nagh prehrnssavnky fasagtnrbnfamtnf *tjmt as+ tjnar

baffknbmg rekn as `nagh bmfn e`sekntn! `y nbmak mgf secamk bnfam'

Vjas snki"seurcagh trngf as stakk ag ats nmrky stmhns mgf wakk mccnknrmtn

frmbmtacmkky ms mrtacamk agtnkkahngcn abprevns ynmr `y ynmr' Egn e`vaeus

pre`knb as tjmt tjnrn as ge cebpngsmtaeg ier mkk tjn gnw wero fegn `yagfavafumks+ nvng ms tjn cebpngsmtaeg ierbnrky pmaf te tjesn ag rbs wje

kest tjnar de`s as mkse kest te tjn ncegeby ms m wjekn' Vjn ngjmgcnf cegvn"

gangcn mssecamtnf watj snki"seurcagh abprevns nicangcy mgf smvns tabn+

te `n surn+ `ut eg mg mhhrnhmtn `msas+ tjn evnrmkk rnfuctaeg ag agcebn ier

baffkn"agcebn wmhn nmrgnrs as `nhaggagh te jmvn m getacnm`kn abpmct eg

mhhrnhmtn fnbmgfpmrtacukmrky ag cegsubnr"erangtnf secantans'

Eg m hke`mk `msas+ eiisjeragh mgf re`eseurcagh mrn tehntjnr pusjagh tjn

ncegeby tewmrf m sabuktmgneus wnmongagh ei fnbmgf mgf surpkus ei

prefuctaeg' Vjn usn ei Onygnsamg stabukus pekacanstjmt as+ hevnrg"

bngt `errewagh te gmgcn tnbpermry agcrnmsns ag mhhrnhmtn fnbmgf

bmy `ncebn knss niinctavn evnr tabn ms tjn sncukmr+ systnbac sjait te mg

ncegeby watj imr inwnr de`s rnkmtavn te prefuctaeg rnprnsngts m kmrhnr

cmusn ei fnckagagh agcebns+ mgf tjus fnckagagh cegsubptaeg mgf fn"bmgf' Ag mffataeg+ ms Akk fntmak kmtnr+ ugprncnfngtnf fnbehrmpjac sjaits

a k f k a i kf a f k a a f a k

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N M PVJ AG C' | 08

Sncuratytjnrn`y kabatagh tjn m`akaty ei hevnrgbngts te rnpkmcn agcebn

agfngatnky te weroagh mhn pnepkn'

^gknss tjn kest agcebn ei tjn ugnbpkeynf mgf ugfnrnbpkeynf imc"

tery weronrs ag agfustramk ceugtrans cmg sebnjew `n rnpkmcnf+ hke`mkfnbmgf ier tjn prefucts ei tjn gnw jahjky mutebmtnf imcterans wakk

cegtagun te fnckagn' Vjn agfustramk ncegebans+ mitnr mkk+ cegtagun te

prevafn tjn hrnmtnst sjmrn ei hke`mk fnbmgf mgf cegsubptaeg' Jahjnr

wmhns pmaf te weronrs ag fnvnkepagh mgf nbnrhagh ncegebans mrn imr

bern kaonkyag pmrt ier cukturmk rnmsegste he agte smvaghs agstnmf ei

cegsubptaeg' Xjakn `etj km`er mgf cmpatmk jmvn `nng hke`mkaznf+ tjn

`uko ei cegsubptaeg ag tjn werkf ncegeby rnbmags ag wnmktjy agfustramk

ceugtrans' Vjas rnsukts ag m basbmtcj ntwnng tjn fastra`utaeg ei agcebn

mgf tjn cngtrmk rekn ei cegsubptaeg ag fravagh hke`mk ncegebac hrewtj'

PNVJAGOAGH PNSE^PCNS

Vjnsn mccnknrmtagh cjmghns wakk tjnrniern rnquarn us te rnabmhagn tjn

gew cngtrmk rekn ei cegsubptaeg ag eur ncegeby mgf sabuktmgneusky rn"

pkmcn tjn ffews ei agcebn te weronrs tjmt prnsngtky nbpewnr cegsubp"taeg' Vjn currngt ceggnctaeg `ntwnng nvnr rasagh knvnks ei cegsubptaeg

mgf tjn jnmktj ei tjn hke`mk ncegeby as agcrnmsaghky ugstm`kn ag mgy cmsn'

Vjn mccnknrmtagh tncjgekehy rnvekutaeg as get egky trmgsierbagh tjn

rekn ei km`er mgf cmpatmk ms imcters ei prefuctaeg ag tjn hke`mk ncegeby+

at as mkse trmgsierbagh tjn rekn ei rnseurcns' Vjn gnw tncjgekehans ei

bekncukmr bmgapukmtaeg jmvn knf te rnvekutaegmry mfvmgcns ag tjn bm"

tnramks scangcns mgf `rmgf"gnw jy`raf bmtnramks tjmt pessnss m ceb`agm"

taeg ei pjysacmk mttra`utns imr nxcnnfagh tjesn ei mgy bmtnramks fnvnkepnf

tjreuhj tjn bucj ekfnr tncjgekehans ei bntmkkurhy mgf cnrmbacs' Ms

\anrrn Vnakjmrf fn Cjmrfag prnfactnf bern tjmg saxty ynmrs mhe+ Ag `n"

cebagh pkmgntaznf+ jubmgaty as mcquaragh gnw pjysacmk pewnrs wjacj

wakk ngm`kn at te supnr"erhmgazn bmttnr'

Vjn gnw nkf ei mfvmgcnf bmtnramks scangcn agvekvns tjn stufy+

bmgapukmtaeg+ mgf im`racmtaeg ei sekaf bmttnr watj jahjky sepjastacmtnf

teeks+ mkbest eg mg mteb"`y"mteb `msas' At agvekvns bmgy agtnrfascapkag"mry nkfs+ agckufagh nghagnnragh+ pjysacs+ cjnbastry+ mgf `aekehy' Vjn

a a j ` a f k f a j j k k k f

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mgf su`mtebac precnssns tjmt ierb sekaf bmttnr as spnnfagh up tjn nbnr"

hngcn ei wjmt sebn nxpnrts mrn cmkkagh tjn bekncukmr ncegeby'

Sahgacmgtky+ tjn gnw bekncukns mgf bmtnramks crnmtnf gnnf get `n

nvmkumtnf tjreuhj tjn trmfataegmk+ km`eraeus precnss ei tramk mgf nrrer'Mfvmgcnf supnrcebputnrs mrn gew cmpm`kn ei sabukmtagh tjn wmy tjnsn

gevnk crnmtaegs agtnrmct watj etjnr bekncukns mgf bmtnramks+ mkkewagh tjn

snknctaeg ei egky tjn egns tjmt mrn best prebasagh ier nxpnrabngts ag

tjn rnmk werkf' Agfnnf+ tjn gnw nkf ogewg ms cebputmtaegmk scangcn

jms gew `nng rncehgaznf ms m tjarf `msac ierb ei ogewknfhn crnmtaeg

mkeghsafn agfuctavn rnmsegagh mgf fnfuctavn rnmsegaghmgf ceb`agns

nknbngts ei tjn rst twe `y sabukmtagh mg mrtacamk rnmkaty tjmt iugctaegs

ms m bucj bern cegcrntn ierb ei jypetjnsas mgf mkkews fntmaknf nxpnra"

bngtmtaeg te nxmbagn tjn gnw bmtnramks prepnrtans mgf mgmkyzn jew

tjny agtnrmct watj etjnr bekncukns mgf bmtnramks'

Vjn prepnrtans ei bmttnr mt tjn gmgebntnr scmkn *`ntwnng egn mgf

=

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NMP VJ AGC ' | 01

`agns jahj tnbpnrmturns mgf sebn prnssurazmtaeg' @regzn wms rst crn"

mtnf >+

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3< | VJ N I^V ^PN

bnrcamk abpmct' Ier nxmbpkn+ tjn fnvnkepbngt ei hrmpjngnm ierb ei

hrmpjatn egky egn mteb tjacojms crnmtnf nxcatnbngt m`eut ats ugusumk

agtnrmctaeg watj nknctregs+ wjacj epngs m vmranty ei usniuk mppkacmtaegs'

Cegsafnrm`kn rnsnmrcj as ugfnr wmy eg petngtamk jmzmrfs ei gmgepmr"tackns' Best nxpnrts gew bagabazn tjn pessa`akaty ei snki"rnpkacmtagh

gmge`ets+ wjacj hmvn rasn te snraeus cegcnrgs mgf bucj fn`mtn ag

tjn rst ynmrs ei tjn twngty"rst cngtury+ `ut etjnr rasossucj ms tjn

mccubukmtaeg ei gmgepmrtackns ag jubmg `naghs mgf tjn pessa`akaty ei

cegsnqungt cnkk fmbmhnmrn tmong bern snraeusky' Mccerfagh te Fmvaf

Pndnsoa+ farncter ei tjn Scangcn mgf Vncjgekehy Aggevmtaeg \rehrmb mt

tjn Xeefrew Xakseg Agtnrgmtaegmk Cngtnr ier Scjekmrs+ Xn ogew vnry

kattkn m`eut tjn jnmktj mgf ngvaregbngtmk abpmcts _ei gmgebmtnramksR mgf

vartumkky getjagh m`eut tjnar sygnrhastac abpmcts'

Ag m sngsn+ gmgescangcn jms `nng mreugf mt knmst sagcn tjn wero ei

Keuas \mstnur+ mgf cnrtmagky sagcn tjn fascevnry ei tjn feu`kn jnkax ag

=1>3' Vjn wero ei Pacjmrf Sbmkkny eg `ucobagstnriukknrngn bekncukns

*`ucoy`mkks! ag =1:> trahhnrnf m rngnwnf surhn ei agtnrnst ag tjn mppka"

cmtaeg ei gmgetncjgekehy te tjn fnvnkepbngt ei gnw bmtnramks' Sax ynmrs

kmtnr+ tjn rst cmr`eg gmgetu`ns eiinrnf tjn prebasn ei nknctracmk cegfuc"tavaty nxcnnfagh tjmt ei ceppnr mgf tjn pessa`akaty ei crnmtagh `nrs watj

=

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N M PVJ AG C' | 3 =

as ierbnf ag tjrnn"fabngsaegmk spmcn' Bern tjmg egn faiinrngt oagf ei

bmtnramk cmg n usnf' Mktjeuhj tjas gnw tncjgekehy as stakk nmrky ag ats fn"

vnkepbngt pnraef+ tjn mfvmgtmhns at raghs te bmguimcturagh mrn faicukt

te evnrstmtn' Mkrnmfy+ sebn ei tjn rnsukts mrn stmrtkagh'Sagcn =1

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30 | VJ N I^V^ PN

tjn prebasn ei trmgsbattagh tjn fahatmk agierbmtaeg tjmt nb`efans tjn

fnsahg mgf `kunpragt ier nmcj prefuct te wafnky faspnrsnf 3F pragtnrs

kecmtnf ag mkk rnknvmgt bmronts'

Gnak Jepoagseg+ sngaer kncturnr ag tjn Mffatavn Bmguimcturagh Pn"snmrcj Hreup mt Keuhj`ereuhj gavnrsaty+ smaf+ At ceukf bmon eiisjern

bmguimcturagh jmki wmy reugf tjn werkf imr knss cest niinctavn tjmg feagh

at mt jebn+ ai usnrs cmg hnt tjn pmrt tjny gnnf pragtnf eii dust reugf tjn

cergnr mt m 3F pragt sjep eg tjn jahj strnnt' Pmtjnr tjmg stecopakn spmrn

pmrts mgf cebpegngts ag kecmtaegs mkk evnr tjn werkf+ tjn fnsahgs ceukf

`n cestknssky sternf ag vartumk cebputnr wmrnjeusns wmatagh te n pragtnf

kecmkky wjng rnquarnf'

Mt ats currngt stmhn ei fnvnkepbngt+ 3F pragtagh iecusns eg rnkm"

tavnky sbmkk prefucts+ `ut ms tjn tncjgaqun as stnmfaky abprevnf+ spn"

camkaznf 3F pragtnrs ier kmrhnr pmrts mgf prefucts wakk seeg `n mvmakm`kn'

Egn cebpmgy `msnf ag Kes Mghnkns+ Cegteur Crmitagh+ jms mkrnmfy `uakt

m juhn 3F pragtnr tjmt trmvnks eg m trmcter"trmaknr te m cegstructaeg satn

mgf pragts mg ngtarn jeusn ag egky twngty jeurs *feers mgf wagfews get

agckufnf!- Ag mffataeg+ wjakn tjn 3F pragtnrs gew mvmakm`kn jmvn prefuc"

taeg rugs ei egn atnb up te+ ag sebn cmsns+ =+

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NMP VJ AGC ' | 33

3F pragtagh ei hugs ms m wmy te carcubvngt rnhukmtaegs eg hug smkns' Ep"

pegngts jmvn nxprnssnf cegcnrg tjmt mgy sucj hugs usnf ag crabns ceukf

`n nmsaky bnktnf fewg te mveaf mgy niiert y kmw ngiercnbngt mutjeratans

te usn tjn hugs ms nvafngcn'

Vjn wmvn ei mutebmtaeg tjmt as cegtra`utagh te tjn eutseurcagh mgf re`e"

seurcagh ei de`s ireb fnvnkepnf ceugtrans te nbnrhagh mgf fnvnkepagh

bmronts wakk seeg `nhag te faspkmcn bmgy ei tjn de`s se rncngtky crnmtnf

ag tjesn smbn kew"wmhn ceugtrans' 3F pragtagh ceukf mccnknrmtn tjas pre"

cnss+ mgf nvngtumkky ceukf mkse bevn bmguimcturagh `mco agte fnvnk"

epnf ceugtrans' Bmgy 'S' cebpmgans jmvn mkrnmfy rnpertnf tjmt vmraeus

ierbs ei mutebmtaeg jmvn ngm`knf tjnb te `ragh `mco mt knmst sebn ei

tjn de`s tjny jmf erahagmkky eutseurcnf te kew"wmhn ceugtrans'

CM\AVMKASB AG CPASAS

Vjn nbnrhngcn ei Nmrtj Agc' mgf ats fasruptaeg ei mkk tjrnn imcters ei

prefuctaegkm`er+ cmpatmk+ mgf gmturmk rnseurcnsjms cegtra`utnf tewjmt bmgy jmvn rninrrnf te ms m crasas ag cmpatmkasb' M 0

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36 | V JN I^V ^PN

tjn Hrnmt Pncnssaeg ei 0 pnr fmy'

Best abpertmgt ei mkk+ mbegh tjn imakurns ag tjn wmy tjn hke`mk bmr"

ont systnb as epnrmtagh tefmy as ats mkbest cebpkntn rniusmk te agckufn

mgy rncehgataeg ei bmder nxtnrgmkatans+ stmrtagh watj ats imakurn te tmonagte mcceugt tjn cest mgf cegsnqungcns ei tjn 1< bakkaeg tegs ei hke`mk

a kk a f i j a j k

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NMP VJ AGC' | 3>

tagnky ahgernf+ knmfagh te cjregac ugfnragvnstbngt ag nfucmtaeg+ jnmktj

cmrn+ mgf etjnr pu`kac heefs'

Ag bmgy ceugtrans+ agckufagh tjn gatnf Stmtns+ tjn hrewagh cegcng"

trmtaeg ei wnmktj ag tjn jmgfs ei tjn tep egn pnrcngt jms mkse knf te fas"tertaegs ag tjn pekatacmk systnb tjmt gew kabat tjn m`akaty ei hevnrgbngts

te cegsafnr pekacy cjmghns tjmt bahjt `ngnt tjn bmgy