The French Revolution- Video The French Revolution- Video QuestionsQuestions

Copy the following questions in your notebook and Copy the following questions in your notebook and answer them while watching the video.answer them while watching the video.

1.1. How did the population boom affect France in How did the population boom affect France in the 18th century?the 18th century?

2.2. Why did King Louis XVI call the Estates-General Why did King Louis XVI call the Estates-General in 1788?in 1788?

3.3. What were the three estates of the Estates-What were the three estates of the Estates-General?General?

4.4. What was the Tennis Court Oath?What was the Tennis Court Oath?

5.5. Why did women march to Versailles in October Why did women march to Versailles in October 1789?1789?

6.6. How did Napoleon become the leader of France?How did Napoleon become the leader of France?

Define/study the following terms:Define/study the following terms:

ancien régime, estate, bourgeoisie, ancien régime, estate, bourgeoisie, deficit spending, Estates-General, deficit spending, Estates-General, cahier, faction, émigré, republic, cahier, faction, émigré, republic, suffrage, guillotine, nationalism, suffrage, guillotine, nationalism, plebiscite, annex, guerrilla warfare, plebiscite, annex, guerrilla warfare, scorched-earth policy, abdicate, scorched-earth policy, abdicate, legitimacylegitimacy

Identify the following individuals and Identify the following individuals and discuss their significance to the French discuss their significance to the French Revolution:Revolution: King Louis XVI, Marie King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Olympe de Gouges, Antoinette, Olympe de Gouges, Maximilien Robespierre, and Napoleon Maximilien Robespierre, and Napoleon BonaparteBonaparte

1.1. What two far-reaching events took place in 1789?What two far-reaching events took place in 1789?2.2. How did the French Revolution compare to the How did the French Revolution compare to the

American Revolution?American Revolution?3.3. Give a definition of the term Give a definition of the term bourgeoisiebourgeoisie..4.4. State the immediate cause of the French Revolution.State the immediate cause of the French Revolution.5.5. How did most members of the Third Estate want to fix How did most members of the Third Estate want to fix

France’s financial problems?France’s financial problems?6.6. What dramatic event took place on July 14, 1789, What dramatic event took place on July 14, 1789,

which saved the Third Estate from the King’s forces? which saved the Third Estate from the King’s forces? 7.7. What did the National Assembly do in response to What did the National Assembly do in response to

peasant revolts and fear of foreign troops?peasant revolts and fear of foreign troops?8.8. What name did the National assembly give to its What name did the National assembly give to its

charter of basic liberties?charter of basic liberties?

French Revolution- Study French Revolution- Study QuestionsQuestions

9.9. Why did Olympia de Gouges write a Declaration of Why did Olympia de Gouges write a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen?the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen?

10.10. The National Assembly took what action to control The National Assembly took what action to control the Catholic Church?the Catholic Church?

11.11. Who was Georges Danton? Maximilien Who was Georges Danton? Maximilien Robespierre?Robespierre?

12.12. What was the Committee of Public Safety?What was the Committee of Public Safety?

13.13. What was the Reign of Terror and when did it take What was the Reign of Terror and when did it take place? place?

The French The French RevolutionRevolution

&&NapoleonNapoleon

1789-18151789-1815

Long-range causes of the Long-range causes of the RevolutionRevolution

The failure of the ancien régime (the The failure of the ancien régime (the French ruling class) to fulfill the French ruling class) to fulfill the needs of French societyneeds of French society

The radical dissolution of the power The radical dissolution of the power of the French ruling class (the king of the French ruling class (the king and the nobility)and the nobility)

The Three EstatesThe Three Estates

1.1. ClergyClergy

2.2. NobilityNobility

3.3. CommonersCommoners

The Three EstatesThe Three Estates

Relics of FeudalismRelics of Feudalism tailletaille

gabellegabelle

corvéecorvée

banalitiesbanalities

sacramentssacraments

“ “Walking up a long hill…I was joined by a Walking up a long hill…I was joined by a poor woman who complained of the poor woman who complained of the times, and that it was a sad country;…she times, and that it was a sad country;…she said her husband had but a morsel of said her husband had but a morsel of land, one cow, and a poor little horse, yet land, one cow, and a poor little horse, yet they had [42 lbs.] of wheat and three they had [42 lbs.] of wheat and three chickens to pay as rent to one [lord], and chickens to pay as rent to one [lord], and [4 lbs.] of oats, one chicken and 1s. [4 lbs.] of oats, one chicken and 1s. [shilling] to pay to another, besides very [shilling] to pay to another, besides very heavy tailles and other taxes.”heavy tailles and other taxes.”

-Arthur Young, from -Arthur Young, from TravelsTravels, 1780, 1780

Social UnrestSocial Unrest Peasants?Peasants?

Artisans?Artisans?

Bourgeoisie (Middle Class)?Bourgeoisie (Middle Class)?

Nobles?Nobles?

Prelude to the French Prelude to the French RevolutionRevolution

Financial Mismanagement (War and Financial Mismanagement (War and Extravagance)Extravagance)

• Kings Louis XIV and Louis XVKings Louis XIV and Louis XV• Colonial wars with EnglandColonial wars with England• Participation in the American RevolutionParticipation in the American Revolution• Extravagance of the Royal Court at Extravagance of the Royal Court at

VersaillesVersailles

Louis XIV of FranceLouis XIV of France The Sun King The Sun Kingr.1643-1715r.1643-1715

Versailles PalaceVersailles Palace

VersaillesVersailles

VersaillesVersailles

Liberal RevolutionLiberal Revolution King Louis XVI King Louis XVI

called the Estates-called the Estates-General to convene General to convene at Versailles in at Versailles in spring, 1789spring, 1789

The Estates-The Estates-General was General was unable to reach unable to reach any kind of any kind of harmonious harmonious agreementagreement

The Three Estates MeetThe Three Estates Meet

“ “Therefore, what is the Third Estate? Therefore, what is the Third Estate? Everything; but an everything Everything; but an everything shackled and oppressed. What would shackled and oppressed. What would it be without the privileged order? it be without the privileged order? Everything, but an everything free Everything, but an everything free and flourishing. Nothing can succeed and flourishing. Nothing can succeed without it, everything would be without it, everything would be infinitely better without the others.”infinitely better without the others.”

-Abbe Sieyes-Abbe Sieyes

The National AssemblyThe National Assembly

Meanwhile…Meanwhile…

The storming of the BastilleThe storming of the Bastille

The storming of the BastilleThe storming of the Bastille

The Great FearThe Great Fear

Peasant uprisings spread throughout France Peasant uprisings spread throughout France during the summer of 1789during the summer of 1789

Militias were formed to defend citizens against Militias were formed to defend citizens against the potential invasion of forces friendly to the the potential invasion of forces friendly to the monarchy monarchy

Declaration of the Rights of ManDeclaration of the Rights of Man

August, 1789, the nobles August, 1789, the nobles conceded to National conceded to National Assembly’s reforms Assembly’s reforms

The Declaration of the The Declaration of the Rights of Man provided for Rights of Man provided for a limited monarchy and a a limited monarchy and a unicameral legislature unicameral legislature based on the doctrine that based on the doctrine that “all men are born free and “all men are born free and equal before the law” equal before the law”

The Women March to The Women March to VersaillesVersailles

The king refused to accept the Assembly’s The king refused to accept the Assembly’s reforms or the Declarationreforms or the Declaration

Citizens of Paris feared the king would Citizens of Paris feared the king would take action against the Assembly take action against the Assembly

October 1789- thousands of women October 1789- thousands of women marched to Versailles with weapons (sticks marched to Versailles with weapons (sticks and pitchforks)and pitchforks)

King Louis and his family returned to Paris King Louis and his family returned to Paris with themwith them

Constitution of 1791Constitution of 1791 Presented to the people by the Presented to the people by the

National AssemblyNational Assembly Maintained the monarch but limited Maintained the monarch but limited

royal powersroyal powers Unicameral legislature whose Unicameral legislature whose

members were chosen by voters members were chosen by voters (males who paid a minimum tax)(males who paid a minimum tax)

Delegates were seated according to Delegates were seated according to their political beliefstheir political beliefs

Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1791)

Political disagreements resulted in unrest Political disagreements resulted in unrest and violenceand violence

King Louis XVI and family tried to leave King Louis XVI and family tried to leave France for Austria but were capturedFrance for Austria but were captured

The revolution worried other European The revolution worried other European monarchs (Austria)monarchs (Austria)

French revolutionary leaders reacted and French revolutionary leaders reacted and declared war on Austria in 1792declared war on Austria in 1792

Tumultuous times in FranceTumultuous times in France

Radical RevolutionRadical Revolution 1792, reaction to 1792, reaction to

military defeat and military defeat and economic shortages economic shortages at homeat home

The limited monarchy The limited monarchy was suspended and a was suspended and a National Convention National Convention was called (1792-was called (1792-1795)1795)

sans-culottessans-culottes

““All are burning with a desire All are burning with a desire to fight! We need boldness…to fight! We need boldness…and France will be saved.”and France will be saved.”

-Georges-Jacques -Georges-Jacques DantonDanton

Death of a KingDeath of a King

In June, 1791, In June, 1791, King Louis King Louis was captured was captured trying to leave trying to leave FranceFrance

He was tried He was tried and convicted and convicted for treason for treason and beheaded and beheaded on January 21, on January 21, 17931793

““I forgive my enemies; I trust that I forgive my enemies; I trust that my death will be for the my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear that grieve for France and I fear that she may suffer the anger of the she may suffer the anger of the Lord.”Lord.”

-King Louis XVI-King Louis XVI

• Committee of Public Safety -Committee of Public Safety - a a council of twelve men instilled with council of twelve men instilled with the power to enforce the law and act the power to enforce the law and act in the interests of their fellow in the interests of their fellow citizens. This entailed preventing citizens. This entailed preventing foreign invasion.foreign invasion.

• Jacobins (Girondins and The Jacobins (Girondins and The Mountain)Mountain)

The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror (1793-(1793-1794)1794)

Maximilien Maximilien RobespierreRobespierre

Over 35,000 killed Over 35,000 killed in an effort to in an effort to eliminate the eliminate the possibility of a possibility of a counterrevolutioncounterrevolution

The Terror ended The Terror ended with the death of with the death of RobespierreRobespierre

For the test on Friday, be prepared to write a For the test on Friday, be prepared to write a detailed response to each of the directives detailed response to each of the directives below. Use correct grammar and write in below. Use correct grammar and write in complete sentences. Each answer should be at complete sentences. Each answer should be at least 5-6 complete sentences in length. least 5-6 complete sentences in length.

1.1. Discuss the long-term origins of the French Discuss the long-term origins of the French Revolution and the events leading up to the Revolution and the events leading up to the formation of the National Assembly in 1789.formation of the National Assembly in 1789.

2.2. Explain what happened to Napoleon’s Grand Explain what happened to Napoleon’s Grand Army during the winter of 1812.Army during the winter of 1812.

Causes/origins of the French Revolution?Causes/origins of the French Revolution?1.1. Unequal taxationUnequal taxation2.2. Economic depressionEconomic depression3.3. Financial Mismanagement (Government)Financial Mismanagement (Government)

Liberal Revolution (1789-1792)Liberal Revolution (1789-1792)– Meeting of the Estates-General in May, 1789Meeting of the Estates-General in May, 1789– National Assembly, June 17, 1789National Assembly, June 17, 1789– Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath– The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen,

August 1789August 1789– Constitution of 1791 (called for a limited monarchy)Constitution of 1791 (called for a limited monarchy)

Radical Revolution (1792-1795)Radical Revolution (1792-1795)– The Paris CommuneThe Paris Commune– The National ConventionThe National Convention

This phase of the revolution was controlled by This phase of the revolution was controlled by radicals (consequence of military defeat and radicals (consequence of military defeat and continuing economic problems)continuing economic problems) Jacobins (extreme radical group)Jacobins (extreme radical group) The National Convention (1792-1795)The National Convention (1792-1795)

Est. to write a new constitutionEst. to write a new constitution Abolished the monarchy and instituted a republicAbolished the monarchy and instituted a republic

Execution of Louis XVI In January 1793Execution of Louis XVI In January 1793 Committee of Public Safety and M. RobespierreCommittee of Public Safety and M. Robespierre The Reign of Terror 1793-1794 The Reign of Terror 1793-1794 End of the National Convention in Oct. 1795End of the National Convention in Oct. 1795

The DirectoryThe Directory

The formation of the Directory reflected the The formation of the Directory reflected the desire for stability in Francedesire for stability in France

The Constitution of 1795The Constitution of 1795– a new French government headed by five a new French government headed by five

directors selected by a two-house legislative directors selected by a two-house legislative assembly (Council of 500 and Council of Elders)assembly (Council of 500 and Council of Elders)

The Directory relied on military success for is The Directory relied on military success for is public support.public support.

The new government was plagued by controversy The new government was plagued by controversy and corruptionand corruption

Napoleon and the Napoleon and the coup d’etatcoup d’etat in 1799 in 1799

Causes/origins of the French Revolution?Causes/origins of the French Revolution?1.1. Unequal taxationUnequal taxation2.2. Economic depressionEconomic depression3.3. Financial Mismanagement (Government)Financial Mismanagement (Government)

Political Stages of the French Revolution (1789-1799) Political Stages of the French Revolution (1789-1799) – Liberal Revolution (1789-1792)Liberal Revolution (1789-1792)

National AssemblyNational Assembly The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen,

August 1789August 1789 Constitution of 1791 (called for a limited monarchy)Constitution of 1791 (called for a limited monarchy) Legislative AssemblyLegislative Assembly

– Radical Revolution (1792-1795)Radical Revolution (1792-1795) National ConventionNational Convention Constitution of 1792 (abolition of monarchy/republic Constitution of 1792 (abolition of monarchy/republic

established)established) Committee of Public SafetyCommittee of Public Safety

– The Directory (1795-1799)The Directory (1795-1799) Constitution of 1795 (bicameral legislature and five Constitution of 1795 (bicameral legislature and five

executives)executives) Controlled the army and maintained social stabilityControlled the army and maintained social stability

Age of Napoleon Study QuestionsAge of Napoleon Study Questions

1.1. Which two groups in French politics were opposed Which two groups in French politics were opposed to the Directory?to the Directory?

2.2. Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?3.3. After the After the coup d’etatcoup d’etat in 1799, what kind of in 1799, what kind of

government replaced the Directory in France?government replaced the Directory in France?4.4. In what year did Napoleon crown himself emperor In what year did Napoleon crown himself emperor

of France?of France?5.5. How did Napoleon make peace with the Roman How did Napoleon make peace with the Roman

Catholic Church while still maintaining popularity Catholic Church while still maintaining popularity with the French people?with the French people?

6.6. What were some of the rights recognized in the What were some of the rights recognized in the Napoleonic Code (Civil Code)?Napoleonic Code (Civil Code)?

7.7. How did the Napoleonic Code treat women?How did the Napoleonic Code treat women?8.8. On what was promotion in Napoleon’s military or On what was promotion in Napoleon’s military or

government based?government based?9.9. Who ruled Napoleon’s dependant states? Who ruled Napoleon’s dependant states?

10.10. How did Napoleon intend to cripple Great Britain How did Napoleon intend to cripple Great Britain with his Continental System?with his Continental System?

11.11. Define nationalism.Define nationalism.

12.12. What happened to Napoleon’s Grand Army in What happened to Napoleon’s Grand Army in Russia in 1812?Russia in 1812?

13.13. How did Europe respond to Napoleon’s army How did Europe respond to Napoleon’s army when it returned from Russia?when it returned from Russia?

14.14. When and where was Napoleon Bonaparte finally When and where was Napoleon Bonaparte finally defeated? What happened to him after this defeated? What happened to him after this defeat?defeat?

The Age of The Age of NapoleonNapoleon1799-18151799-1815

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)1821)

b. Corsica in 1769b. Corsica in 1769 1785-became a lieutenant 1785-became a lieutenant 1794- CPS promoted him to 1794- CPS promoted him to

the rank of brigadier the rank of brigadier generalgeneral

1796- given command of 1796- given command of the French army in Italythe French army in Italy

1799-participated in a coup 1799-participated in a coup against the Directory and against the Directory and helped to form a new helped to form a new government (a consulate) government (a consulate) in Francein France

Domestic PoliciesDomestic Policies

Napoleon restored peace with the Roman Napoleon restored peace with the Roman Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Codification of French laws (Napoleonic Codification of French laws (Napoleonic Code)Code)

Administrative reformAdministrative reform

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire

French EmpireFrench Empire Dependant Dependant

StatesStates Allied StatesAllied States

Napoleon’s FateNapoleon’s Fate

1.1. The collapse of Napoleon’s empire can The collapse of Napoleon’s empire can be partly accredited to the tenacity of be partly accredited to the tenacity of Great Britain. Great Britain.

2.2. Nationalism not only helped to solidify Nationalism not only helped to solidify France but it also helped to solidify and France but it also helped to solidify and motivate the other European states, motivate the other European states, particularly those at odds with particularly those at odds with Napoleon’s Empire. Napoleon’s Empire.

Napoleon’s FallNapoleon’s Fall The Russian Winter (1812)The Russian Winter (1812) Paris captured in March, 1814Paris captured in March, 1814 Napoleon exiled to the island of ElbaNapoleon exiled to the island of Elba Monarchy restored in France Monarchy restored in France Napoleon returned to Paris and ruled for Napoleon returned to Paris and ruled for

100 days100 days Napoleon defeated at Waterloo in 1815Napoleon defeated at Waterloo in 1815 He was exiled to St. Helena where he died He was exiled to St. Helena where he died

in1821in1821

Be able to write about the causes of the Be able to write about the causes of the French Revolution and the events leading up French Revolution and the events leading up to the formation of the National Assembly. to the formation of the National Assembly. Also, prepare an explanation of Napoleon’s Also, prepare an explanation of Napoleon’s ultimate political demise. ultimate political demise.