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The Fraser River, Agriculture, Food Security
and the Impacts of a Changing Climate
T.W. van der Gulik
BC Area – 94,474,000 ha
Fraser Basin – 23,151,402 ha
Fraser River Watershed – drains
24.5% of British Columbia
Food Self Reliance in BC
Foods Group BC
Consumption
Million Kg’s
BC
Production
Million Kg’s
% Self
Reliance
Dairy 1080 617 57%
Meat 467 298 64%
Vegetables (BC Grown) 764 331 43%
Fruit (grown in BC) 172 273 159%
Grain for Food 315 43 14%
Total – (Grown in BC) 2798 1562 56%
Fruit (not able to grow in BC) 310
Vegetables
(not able to grow in BC)
1
Sugar 136
Total - BC 3245 1562 48%
Healthy Diet Cropping Requirements in BC
If Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating is followed –
BC’s food self- reliance drops to 34%.
With the technology available today, 0.54 hectares of
farmland is required to produce the food for one person
for one year. ( six city lots)
To produce a healthy diet for British Columbians in 2005,
2.15 million hectares of production is required, of which
10% or 215,000 hectares must be irrigated.
Current estimated irrigated acreage in British Columbia is
around 120,000 hectares
Agriculture Needs to Grow
With population growth, to produce a healthy diet for British Columbians
in the next 20 years will require 2.78 million hectares, with a total irrigated
area of 307,000 hectares – 187,000 hectare increase. (the ALR is 4.6
million hectares)
Farmers will need to increase production by 30% to maintain
current level of self reliance.
Increased production will be concentrated on lands with
access to irrigation – typically close to urban centers.
ALR Area in the Fraser Valley = 137,746 ha
Fraser Valley ALR is 5.8 % of total ALR in Fraser Basin
Fraser Valley contains 3% of the total ALR in British Columbia
Yet 50% of Provincial farm gate receipts come from the Fraser Valley
Land Use Inventory
• Developed by AGRI
• Allows for data to be sorted by local
government, crop, irrigation etc.
• Metro Vancouver and Fraser Valley
Regional Districts have been
surveyed
• Has been resurveyed in 2017
Observations:
52% of the ALR is cropped
41% of the cropped area is irrigated
The irrigated area in the Fraser Valley exceeds
the Okanagan
Fraser Valley 28,354
Okanagan 21,000
Metro Vancouver Fraser Valley Regional District Totalha ha ha
Total ALR Land 61,089 71,657 132,746
Area cropped 30,393 38,220 68,613
Area Irrigated 13,070 15,284 28,354
Agriculture Land Use in the Fraser Valley
Metro Vancouver Irrigated Crops
Crop Group Total Area
(ha)
Irrigation
Area (ha)
Irrigation
Demand (mm)
2003
Blueberries 5504 4106 332
Cranberries 2591 2570 567
Forage 8776 1561 561
Golf 1170 1170 613
Nursery 715 125 370
Raspberries 177 119 374
Strawberry 180 82 321
Turf Farm 105 105 545
Vegetables 4515 2365 351
Greenhouse 466.6 466.6 1060
Total = 28,222 13,070 441
Crops Cropped Area Irrigated Area Water Demandha ha m3
Berries 14,254 12,305 47,189,300
Forage 41,465 7,652 40,592,722
Vegetables 6,556 3,728 14,606,211
Nursery 2,805 1,728 6,723,144
Greenhouse 772 772 8,568,312
Other 2,761 2,169 10,431,725
68,613 28,354 128,111,414
Crops and Irrigation in the Fraser Valley
Fraser River flows fluctuate from over 10,000 m3 /sec at freshet to a low of 1500 m3 /sec
in late summer. Even at low flow, Fraser River can supply this volume in 1 day
Future Potential Buildout rules:
• Within 1000 m of a surface water supply
• Within 1000 m from a groundwater source
• Within 1000 m from a water purveyor
• Ag classification of 1 – 4
• Must be in the ALR
• Below 750 m of elevation
• The property must be within 125 of elevation
from water source
Current ALR: 132,746 ha
Current Irrigated: 28,354 ha
• The Fraser Valley has potential to irrigate an additional 40,000 ha, 21% of the 187,000 ha required for
food security in the future.
• More than half of the 21% is in the Metro Vancouver area
Region Irrigated Area Water Demand Irrigated Area Water Demand 2013 ha 2013 2065 ha 2065
Metro Vancouver 13,070 60.7 million m3 34,675 140.2 million m3
FVRD 15,284 67.4 million m3 33,933 132.1 million m3
Total 28,354 128.1 million m3 68,608 272.3 million m3
Fraser Valley Irrigated Buildout Potential
Region Irrigated Area Water Demand Peak Demand % Increase2013 ha 2013 range in 2065 2065
million m3 million m3 million m3
Metro Vancouver 13,070 60.7 80 - 99 31 - 63%
FVRD 15,284 67.4 102 - 126 66 - 86%
Total 28,354 128.1 182 - 225 42 - 75%
Irrigation Requirements Under Climate Change
• Climate change will increase irrigation demand drastically during hot dry years (2015 and 2017 are
examples
• Increased irrigation demand will have to be made up by efficiency and management improvements
A good portion of the ALR follows
the Fraser Rover Flood plain –
and can then be supplied with
irrigation from the Fraser River
The Fraser River and
Groundwater are the two main
supply sources of irrigation water
Cowichan Land
Use
ALR in Metro Vancouver
Metro Van ALR = 60,554 ha
Cropped area = 30,393 ha
Irrigated area = 13,070 ha
20% - 25% of provincial farm gate receipts
come from here
Water Purveyors in Metro Vancouver
Concentrate on the area in the
Red box – this is where water
supply will be most impacted by
climate change – Delta and
Richmond
31
Crop Electrical Conductivty of
Irrigation Water
Crop Tolerance
Ecw - ms/cm
Cranberries < 0.7 not tolerant
Strawberries, Raspberries < 0.7 not tolerant
Beans Carrots < 0.7 not tolerant
onion, lettuce, celery < 1.2 slightly tolerant
peas, potatos < 1.2 slightly tolerant
sweet corn, forage corn < 1.2 slightly tolerant
cucumber, tomato, alfalfa < 2.2 moderately tolerant
beets, oats, clover < 3.5 tolerant
soybean, wheat, barley < 5.0 very tolerant
Crop Tolerance to Irrigation Water Salinity
Irrigation intakes from Fraser are shut down if EC exceeds 0.40
32
Site 1 – 28 km from mouth on River Rd
Site 2 – 24 km from mouth on River Rd
Site 3 – 22 km Chatterton
From EBA Tetra Tech