The FRAME RoutineKey Topic

is about…

So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Essential details

Roman Geography

• Rome was centrally located in the Mediterranean Basin and distant from eastern powers

• Located on the Italian Peninsula • Created a crossroads for trade along the Mediterranean Sea—known as sea-borne commerce

• Rome was protected by:1) The Alps2) Seas (Mediterranean and Adriatic)

•Due to Rome's central location, they were able to influence those around the Mediterranean Basin

How geography influenced the development of Roman culture and civilization

Italian Peninsula

Mediterranean Sea

Greece Black Sea

Rome

Mediterranean Basin

Adriatic Sea

The Alps

Map of Rome

Roman Gods/Goddesses

Married

Jupiter: Juno:

VenusDiana

Neptune

Apollo Minerva

Mars

- Jupiter (Greek: Zeus)- King of the gods

- Juno (Greek: Hera)- Queen of the gods

- Neptune (Greek: Poseidon)- God of the seas

- Apollo (Greek: Apollo)- God of the sun and music - Mars (Greek: Ares)

- God of war

- Venus (Greek: Aphrodite)- Goddess of love

- Minerva (Greek: Athena)- Goddess of wisdom

- Diana (Greek: Artemis)- Goddess of hunt and childbirth

The FRAME

Key Topic

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So What?

Details

Main Idea

• The Roman Republic had 3 social classes:• Patricians—nobility/rich (few in number)• Plebeians—majority of the population (landowners, merchants, farmers)• Slaves—those that were conquered (not based on race)

Details

Main Idea

• Citizenship was held by all patricians and plebeians and extended to a few foreigners• Citizens had rights not extended to slaves and non-Romans• All citizens could vote but had the responsibility to pay taxes and serve in the military

Details

Main Idea

• At the top of the government (two people elected by the assembly each year) • Served on year terms• Could veto any decisions made by the assembly

• Ran the government

Details

Main Idea

• Two bodies made up the representative branch of the govt. 1) Senate made up of patricians controlled finances and foreign affairs 2) Assembly made laws for Rome• Both branches were elected by the people• Twelve Tables were the first written set of Roman Laws

Roman Republic

Social structure and democratic features of the republic of Rome

Social Structure

Citizenship Consuls Roman Republic

Rome made great developments in representative democracy, which is the foundation of our government in the U.S.

The FRAMEKey Topic

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So What?

Essential Details Essential Details

Causes and Results of the Punic Wars

Roman culture spread through the following areas: -Mediterranean Basin (Africa, Asia, Europe, including the Hellenistic world of the Eastern Mediterranean- Western Europe (Gaul and British Isles)

• Rome fought Carthage in 3 wars that lasted over 100 years

• The wars were fought over competition for trade

• Rome and Carthage both wanted to control trade along the Mediterranean Sea

• Romans destroyed Carthage—their major economic competitor • Rome expanded trade and wealth

• Rome now dominated the Mediterranean

What caused the Punic Wars and what were the results

Causes of the Punic Wars Results of the Punic Wars

After Rome conquered Carthage, they controlled the Mediterranean and were able to spread their culture

Map of Rome and Carthage

Spain

Gaul

Sardinia

Corsica

Sicily Med. SeaCarthage

Rome

The FRAMEKey Topic

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So What?

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Details DetailsDetails• The Carthaginians had taken control of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia• Romans marched south to defeat Carthage• Romans won and gained the three islands

• Hannibal invaded the Italian Peninsula • Hannibal got to Rome but never defeated the city• Rome counterattacked the city of Carthage• Carthage gave up all land except the city of Carthage

• Rome was angry from the 2nd Punic War and attacked Carthage

• Rome completely destroyed the city and annexed (added) it

1st 2nd 3rd

Punic Wars

The events that took place during the Punic Wars

First Punic War

Second Punic War

Third Punic War

Rome’s victory over Carthage allowed them to be the dominating force over the Mediterranean Sea

The FRAME Routine Key Topic

is about…

So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Essential details

Fall of the Roman Republic

• Spread of slavery in the agricultural system- Cheap slave labor took jobs away from average citizens

• Unemployment of small farmers going into cities- Small farms were transformed into slave plantations, putting many out of work

• Julius Caesar took power- Rome broke out into Civil War

• Devaluation of Roman currency (inflation)

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2

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4

How military conquests alter economic and social life in Rome

Economic problems and Civil War led to the fall of the Roman Republic.

Main Idea

• Julius Caesar began as a leader of the Roman Army• In 60 B.C.E., he joined military leaders Pompey and Crassius to form the First Triumvirate

• Caesar later seized complete power and crushed Pompey and the Senate -Venni, Veddi, Vicci• Caesar made himself dictator for life

Details

Main Idea

•Senate was fearful of Caesar so they assassinated him

•March 15, 44 BCE—“Beware of the Ides of March”

•Rome broke out in new civil war

• Marc Anthony (Caesar’s general) and Octavian (Caesar’s nephew) hunted down the murderer’s

Details

So What?

The FRAMEKey Topic

is about . . .

Imperial Rome Pt.1

How the rise of Julius Caesar led to the fall of the Roman Republic

Julius Caesar Ides of March

The Roman Republic could not recover from the threat posed by Julius Caesar

The FRAMEKey Topic

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So What?

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Details DetailsDetails•Soon Anthony and Octavian fought for power

• Anthony made allies with Egypt• 31 BCE, Octavian defeated Marc Anthony and his ally Cleopatra

•Senate renamed Octavian “Augustus”

• Rome became an empire and Augustus was the emperor

• Civil War gave rise Octavian (Augustus) Caesar• Now have unified and enlarged empire -That uses imperial power and the military• Failure to provide from a peaceful succession of emperors

Imperial Rome Pt.2

The events that led up to Imperial Rome

Marc Anthony vs. Octavian

Augustus Caesar Reasons for Imperial Rome

Roman Empire took away power from the people but expanded Roman territory and strengthened military power

Contributions of ancient Rome:

Roman Culture:- Rome embraced and adopted the culture of the Ancient Greeks

- Conquest spread Roman culture and technology throughout Europe

Pantheon:- Dome structure built to honor the Roman gods

- Has open “eye” in center to let in sunlight (skylight)

Coliseum:- Center for entertainment (gladiators, Christian sacrifices, mazes, naval battles)

- Stone amphitheater

Forum:- Public place for political debate

- Contained a number of separate buildings

Technology:- Aqueducts: -Roman Arches:Artificial channels for carrying water Used to hold large weight

with less materials

-Roads:“All roads lead to Rome”

Contributions of ancient Rome:

Religion:-Based on Greek polytheism- Roman mythology still present today (names of the planets)

- Later Christianity emerged within the Roman Empire

Literature: - Romans stole the Greek style of -epic poems

- Virgil wrote the Aeneid—tied to Homer’s Iliad

Science and Medicine:- emphasis on public health system (public baths, public water system, medical schools, etc.)

- Ptolemy—mathematician/astronomer

Proposed theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe

Law and Language:- The Twelve Tables (principle of “innocent until proven guilty”)

-Latin became the basis of Romantic languages

- Today many of our words come from Latin words

The FRAMEKey Topic

is about . . .

So What?

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Details DetailsDetails• Pax Romana- Latin for “Roman Peace” - Occurred under Augustus Caesar• Lasted for 200 years• Expansion and solidification of the Empire

• Time of wealth and peace

• Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman Roads _______• Increased emphasis on the family ________• Uniform system of money established ________• Civil Service System created to make improvements to Rome _______• Developed a uniform rule of law (“Twelve Tables”) _________ • Promoted prosperity and stability ________• Stability returned to social classes ___________

• Traces its roots back to Judaism• Led by Jesus of Nazareth• Jesus claimed to be the Messiah (or savior)

• Christianity conflicted with the polytheistic beliefs of the Roman Empire - Led to his crucifixion

Pax Romana and Origins of Christianity

The impact of the Pax Romana and the origins of Christianity

1) The Pax Romana was a great time of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire2) Christianity originated out of Judaism

E= EconomicS= SocialP= Political

Pax Romana Pax Romana Origins of Christianity

The FRAMEKey Topic

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Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Details DetailsDetails• Monotheistic—believe in one god• Jesus is both the Son and incarnation of god• Believe in life after death—judgment day, heaven, or hell• Sacred Text= Holy Bible (Old and New Testament) - New Testament contains the life and teachings of Jesus• Christian doctrines established by early church councils

• Message was popular--eternal life, forgiveness, golden rule, etc.• Early martyrs inspired others—• Apostles such as Paul, carried the religion throughout the Roman Empire• Paul built churches from Mesopotamia to Rome• Paul spread Christianity to Gentiles (non-Jews)

• Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal• The Edict of Milan was the document that made Christianity legal - Later Christianity became the official state religion• The Church became a source of moral authority• Loyalty to the Church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor• The Church became the main unifying force in Western Europe

Beliefs and Spread of Christianity

The beliefs and development of Christianity

Spread of Christianity

Church of Rome

Christian beliefs and customs