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8/16/2019 The founders of the republic on immigration, naturalization and aliens
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The ound
ers of th e R
epu
blic
on mmigr
ation
aturaliz
at i
on and liens
r
esented by the
m
erican rj ense ociety
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The ounders
the Republic
on Immigration
Naturalization and liens
. .Every Society from a great Nat ion down to a
Club has the right of declaring the condit ions
ODwhich Dew members should be admitted.
OUVERNEUR M
ORRI
COLL E CTED FO R AN D I T
ED
BY
MADISON GRANT
AND
e RAS. STEWART DAVISON
Research ioork
by
Ogden A Kcllt? J
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER S SONS
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1 _ . u 1.1 •••• - •• u 1I U T , ... .
FOREWORD
Th e
conviction grows
that
this
Republic
will
per-
ish, if
at
all, from internal
no t
external, cause. Th e
assaults
u po n th e
Republic,
upon
its traditions and
institutions, ar e from within an d ar e co nstant a nd
progressive. One
major
danger lies in th e influx of
al ien races, unf it ted, by habit of mind an d inheri-
t ance, to uphold a form of government, traditions
an d institutions which their
mentality
ignores. To
call it merely a m a jo r d an ge r is to minimize. is
the
foundation of substantially all
the
serious dan-
gers which t hr ea te n t he preservation of Constitu-
tional
Liberty
in America.
Bear
in mind
that
Con-
stitutional Liberty means merely Liberty
under
Law,
coupled with a capacity
fo r
self-govern ment an d an
inherent recognition of
the safety
embodied in a
rep-
resentative form of
government-which
is the great
bu t
to a lmost all unknown, di st inct ion between a
Republic and that form of alternate individual
ab -
solutism and of th e tyranny of th e mob, called a De -
mocracy.
Ou r
Government is an d always has been a
Republic. Our da nge r
lies in ou r stead y an d increas-
ing degeneration into a Democra c y - a n d thereupon,
will follow chaos,
an d
the formation
thereafter
of a
number of separate pol it ical ent i t ies of v
ariou
s sor ts
see Fisher Ames, pa ge Were people from these
other race
s;
alien as they a re in mind, in outlook,
and in inst inc t; a ct ually needed fo r any purpose, or
to th e extent to which they were ever needed, excuse
C
o RIGH t ,
1928,
BY
CHARLES SCRIBNER S SOJliS
edin tbe United Stat
of America
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in whole or in pa r t migh t be proffered for introduc-
ing t he seeds of fa
ta
l disease into
th
e body polit ic.
Th
e qu e
st i
ons then arise--- \ ere
th
ey needed and
as there been any counterbalancing gain?
would seem not. The best authori t ies
ag
ree tha t
the
introduction of a liens into th is Country ha s not in-
creased its population by a single unit
durin
g the l
as t
one hundred an d fifty yea rs - t
ha
t the population of
the United
St
ates would have reached approximately
its
present figu re had all immigration ceased with
the Declar
ation
of
Independ
ence. A vivid example is
found in the fa
ct
that the po
pu l
ation of the United
St
ates incr eased during th e period of seventy years;
from
1776
to 1846; from approximately
three
mil-
lions to
app
roximately tw
ent
y-one millions, and
th
at
during that entire time t he to tal immigr
ation
into
th is
Countr
y
did not
exceed one and a half mil-
lion persons (see
Stodd
a
rd ,
R
e-Forging America.
Chap.
III).
The truth of the genera l proposition
has been long known. In Ar ticles 21 to 23 of his
Ob
serv
at
ions Concerning
th
e Increase of Mankind,
c. (see page 24
et seq .
Franklin sets it forth
with h;s customary clear
thought
and concise ex-
pression . So also Je fferson, making his calculations
for Vir aillia alone (see page
58 et se
q. , pointed
out
b .
as well t he l ack of n eed as th e d anger s to arrse to
the
body politic from
th
e immi
gr
ation of other races
(s ee p a ae 39 et seq . , The demonst
ra
t ion of what
the
y said has foll owed upon
th
e precept .
rh
e
pr
e-
empti
ng
of t he less desira ble occupations by the
newcomers, willin
a
to work for a lesser wage and
b .
un der ha rder condit ions, h as been a contmuous
p rocc s. As that has occurr ed t hose occup
at i
ons
have b cn removed as possible employments for de-
VI
scendants of the older, more homogeneous stock (see
J efferson, pages 65,69). We have then been merely
substituting newand alien stocks
for the
earlier stock.
Th
at the
proc
ess of introducing discordan t elements
into the
body pol itic is
fraught
with dan ger h as
been the opin ion of the thoughtful for many year s
( see Hami lton, pages 49, 50. J efferson,
pa
ge 68.
Wa
shin
gton,
pages
89-92).
Th
e
Found
er s of
thi
s
Republic were not unadvised on
the
subject. These
pages contain,
without
comment, e
xtracts
taken
fro
m
the wr it ings and sayings of a number of our early
leaders. T hey will repay study.
M ADISO N G RANT.
l AS. S T
EW
A
RT
D AVI
SON.
F ebr
ua r
y 18 , 1928 .
Vl I
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TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
JO HN M
Against employing foreigners .
Advocates a
national
consciousness .
Education and
religion. th e support of th e
Constitution
Against any surrender to foreign factions her e .
• Against foreign
interfer
ence here .
• Dangers of foreign influence here .
Again st employing foreigners .
r
D
eportati
on of foreigners .
Favoring employing Americans : : : .
America n
instructors
for We st P o in t .
Jefferson elected
by
th e foreign vote .
Must be on guard against foreign ers .
American professors for ou r colleges .
Europea
ns
taint
ed
with
ineradicable
pr
ejudices .
Republic
exposed to foreign intrigue .
JOHN
QUI
N Y
M
Should stay aloof from Europe s affairs vigilantly .
Favoring th e Alien an d Sedition laws .
Against
importation of disaffected foreigners .
Our political science an d
government
t he b es t .
P O
6
7
7.
9
10
l i
13
IS
14
15
16
18
19
F I
SH
ER ME
Sa f
ety of the Republ ic necessitates th e power of expel
ling or excluding ali ens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Adventurers no t good citiz ens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tendency of republics to degenerate into democracies i 8
FR NKL IN
. .. Immigration does
no t
increase population . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Immigrants crowd ou t natives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i 5
Alien colonies disastrous to
us.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i 6
IX
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G
ENERAL
G REEN
Advocates trained Americans as
arm
y officers . . . . . . . . 38
CHRISTO
PH
ER GADSDEN
Jefferson elected by foreigner
s f
ears the effect or . . . . . 86
Admits his own earlier error as to natural iz ing aliens . . 86
Advocates t en years for naturalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
48
49
50
51
51
5 l
P G
AlIILTON Continued
Rome and Syracuse fell through admitting aliens to
citizenship .
Our
safety depends on common national s
entim
en t .
: Immigration tends to produce heterogeneity .
The evil of incorporat ing foreigners in th e nat ion .
Deferred naturalization desirable .
PATRICK HENay
Virtue, morality,
and
religion
our
sole armor, not imi-
tation of Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
JOHN
J Y
Advocates excluding aliens from office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Advocates preservation of our original policies.. . . . . . . 55
Advocates deferring full citizenship to aliens . . . . . . .
. .
56
JEFFERSON
Executives not to
grant
citizenship . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 57
Our natural
growth of populat ion amply sufficien t. . . . 58
Safer
to
wait
for
natural
growth of populat ion . . . . .
. .
59
Disadvantages of immigration, safer to increase natur
ally.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Disadvantages of immigration, safer to increase natur
ally : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
61
Mobs inhabiting cities are sores on the body politic 6
Down to 1785 only fifty thousand immigran ts . . . . . . . . 68
Agai ns t immigrat ion of negroes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
All employm
ents
honorable here in 1795 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Advocates deve loping our own resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Advocates excluding foreigners from influence. . .. . .
67
Dreads
for eign colonies h er e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
69
. Advocates Engli sh immigrant s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
70
. Immigration does not increase popula ti on . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
RUFUS K I N G
Advocates d is tinctive American principles . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 l
Deprecates admitting malcontents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Xl
45
45
46
47
45
89
40
41
31
6
8
9
30
P G
8
8S
Industrious
En
glish a rt is ans des ir abl e . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
Suggests a pa tent law as desirable 85
H M l
LTON
Our system of laws preserves liber ty .
Excess population a detriment .
Foreign influence a G recian horse t o a R epu blic .
Homogeneity necess
ary
for permanency of the Union. .
At tachme
nt
to o ther nations an evil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Cites Jefferson as against the importation of foreigners 44
Ci t
es Jefferson that foreigners bring
and
perp
etuate
th eir own principles .
Cites Jefferson
that
foreigners here will warp our legis-
lation .
Cites Jefferson, safer to w
ai t
for
natur
al increase of
popul
ation
.
Jefferson was elected by th e foreign vote .
Aliens if admitted will rep lace us, as we the Indians ..
X
FR A
NKL N
Felons sent to America as immigrants .
. . . .. . . .. . . .
FR NKLIN } .
LE E Adv
ocating appointing Americans .
ADAlIS
FRANKLIN Continued
White people a minority in t he world .
Disadvanta
ges of alien colonies .
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R UFUS KING Co t ued
Adv
ocat
es all immigrants b r ing ing ce
rt
ificates of good
character .
Deplores d
epr
e
ciat
ed cha
racte
r of immigrat ion .
Desires exclusion of foreign r ebels .
JAMES LA
UR
EN
A
gainst
employing foreigners .
74
74
75
76
77
78
MADISON
Re :
Intrusion of obnoxious aliens th rough other states 79
; Immigrat ion is against our in terests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
, / Cit izens hip sh ould be gran t ed but slowly. . . . . . . . . . . . 80
G OUVERNEUR MORRI
S
Reason no t emotion sh ould sway our p olicies . . . . . . . . . 81
Nati
ons can declare conditions of a
dmi
ssion of aliens . . 81
ABHINGTON
Sentries to be natives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Army
re
cruit
s
pr
ef
era
bly to be nat ives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Pu t none
bu t
Americans on gua rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
A
na tive should comm and the ar till ery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Re
cru i ts sh
ould
preferably be na
ti v
es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
D
eprecat
es employing f or eign officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Concerning
Ba r
on
St
eub
en
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Alien
and
Sedi tion laws necessary here . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Th ere is no need of encouraging immi gra t ion . . . . . . . . . 90
Aga ins t th e insid ious wil es of foreign in fluence . . . . . . . 9 1
Dr
eads civil discord ensuing here from demigogic lead-
er s and r ev olut ion ar y for eig ne rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xl i
The
Founder
s of th e R
epu
blic
on
Im
migration
Na
turalization
and
Aliens
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JOHN
ADAMS
l9
June
1780
In a letter to the President of Congress, written from
Paris 'l9th June 1780, he wrote :-
I would,
therefore, beg leav e to propose to
ap
point a consul without loss of time to reside
at
Nantes,
and
to him consign all vessels f rom the
United
Stat
es. I think
it
should be an Amer ic
an
some merchan t of known cha racter, abilities, and
industry, who would consent to serve his
country for
moderate emoluments . Such persons are to be found
in
great
number s in the United States.
There
are
many applications from French gentlemen. Bu t I
think that from a w
an t
of knowledge of our
lan
-
gu
age, our laws, customs, and even
th
e humors of
our people, for even these must be considered, they
never would be able to give sat isfact ion or to do jus-
tice. Besides, if
it
is an honor, a profit, or only an
opportunity to
tr
avel and see the world for improve-
ment I think
the
nat ive Americans have a
right
to
expect it ; and further, that the public have a right
t o expect that whatever advantages are honestly to
be made in
thi
s way should r
eturn
sometime or other
to America, together with the knowledge and expe-
rience gained at the same time.
The Works of John dams by his grandson
Charles
Fran
cis Adams 1856, Vol. VII
pag
e
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JOHN ADAMS
5t h Sep tember, 1783
In
a let ter to t he Presid
en t
of Congress, written from
P
ari
s, 5 th September,
1783
, he say s
Our
countr
y
has
bu t
la t
ely been a dependent one,
and our people, although enlightened and
virtuous
have had th eir minds and hea rt s habitua
lly
filled
with a ll the pa ssions of a depend
ent and
subordinate
peopl
e;
th
at
is to say, fear , diffidence, .and
distrust of th emselves, with admiration of for eIgn-
ers , c. N ow, I say, th at
it
is one of the most neces-
sa ry and one of th e most difficult branches of. the
policy of cong ress to eradicate f rom
the
mind eve
ry
remaini
ng
fibre of
thi
s f
ear and
dence on one h
and
an d of
th i
s excessive
admiration
of foreigners on
the
other.
The Works of J ohn Adams by his grandson
Charles Francie Adams 1856, Vol. III page
.
JOHN ADAMS
4th
March, 1797
In
his
inau
gu ral speech to
both
Houses of Congress,
4th March, 1797, he sa id :-
..
;;
if a love of science and l
et t
er s, and a wish
t o p atronize every rational effort to encour age
schools, colleges, uni versities, academies, and every
in
st
itution for
pro
pagat
ing
knowledges, virtue,
and
religion among all classes of the people,
not
only for
t
heir
benign influence on the h
app
iness of life in all
it
s stages and cla sses and of societ y in all it s forms,
bu t as the only means of preserving
our
constitution
fr om its natural enemies,
the
spi r it of sophist ry, the
sp
ir
it of p
arty
the
spi r it of
intrigue
profli
ga
cy,
and
corruption and the
pestilence of for eign influence,
which is
the
ange l of destruction
to
elective gov
ern-
ment
s ., . can ena ble me in any de
gree
t o com-
p ly with
your
wishes, it sh all be my strenuous en-
deavor that this
sag
acious
in j
unc tion of
the
two
H ouses shall not be without effect.
he Wodes of John Adams by his grandson
Charles Fr ancis Adams
1856,
Vol . IX pag e
108.
3
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JOHN ADAMS
16th May
1797
In his speech to both Houses of Congress on
16th
May 1797 he sa id
It
must
not
be
permitted
to
e
doubted whether
the
people of th e
United
States will support
the
gov-
ernment
established by their voluntary consent
and
appointed by their free choice; or whether by sur -
rendering themselves to
the
direction of foreign and
domestic factions in opposition to
their
own govern-
ment they will forfeit the honorable station
they
have hitherto maintained.
The Works of
John
Adams by his grandson
Charles Francis Adams
1856
Vol.
IX
page
118.
4
JOHN ADAMS
2
May
1798
In
his address to the cit izens of Baltimore and
Bal-
timore County
Maryland
of 2nd May 1798
he says
Republics
are
always divided in opmlOn con-
cerning forms of governments and
pl
ans and details
of administration These divisions are generally
harmless often salutary
and
seldom very hurtful
except when foreign nations interfere and by their
arts
and agents excite and ferment them into parties
and factions. Such interference and influence must be
resisted
and
exterminated or it will end in America
as it did anciently in Greece and in
our
own time in
Europe in our total destruction as a republican gov-
ernment
and independent power.
The
Works of John Adams by his qraaulson
Charles Francis Adams
1856
Vol.
IX
page
186.
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JOH
N ADAMS
Ju n
e,
1798
In
hi s addre ss to
th
e
In
habi tant s of Arlington
and
Sandgate, Vermont,
Jun
e, 1798, he s
a id
you have long seen fore
ig
n influence prevail-
in and endanrrerinc t he peace and
ind
ependence of
b b b
our country, so have I.
*
.
you have no
attac
hments or exclusive fI?endshIp
fo r any foreign nat ion, you possess the genume char -
acter of t rue Americans .
T he fV cs of
Joh
n A dams by his grandson
Charles
r
ancis Adan:s
1856, Vol. IX
pag
e
202.
6
JOH
N A
DA
MS
13 th Aug ust, 1799
In a let ter to T . Pi ckering, Secre tary of State, wr it -
t en
fro
m Quincy , 13th August, 1799, he says:-
A t th e time when we were inquiring
for
an agen t
to
condu
ct
t he
affa
ir s of
the
United
Stat
es before
the
commissioners at P hiladelphia, Mr. Cooper wrote to
me a solicitation for th
at appo
intment , and Dr.
Pr ie
st l
ey wrote me a letter strongly recommending
him. B
oth
made
apo
logies f
or hi
s repu t at ion as a
democrat, and gave int imation of a r eformati on. I
wondered t
ha
t eit
her
could think it possible th at t he
people of
th
e
Un ite
d St ates cou ld be
sa t
isfied or con-
t
ent
ed t o in trus t inter est s of s uch ma
gni
tu de t o an
Engli
shm
an ,
or any o
th
er f ore
ig
ner . I wonder ed
th
at
either
should
think
i t
co
mpa
ti b
le wi
th
my du
ty
,
to p refe r a st ra
nge
r to the g reat number of ab le na-
tives, who wished for th is t rust .
Bu
t so it was. *:
H aving long possessed evidence the most satisfac-
to ry t o my mi
nd,
t hat Collot is a pernicious and
malicious in
tr i
gu er, I have been always ready and
willing to execute th e a lien l aw upon him.
We
are
now about to en ter on a negot ia ti on with F
ranc
e, bu t
th i
s is no o
bj
ection ag ai
ns t
expelling fr om this Coun-
tr
y such a n a lien as he is. On t he c
ontr
a ry, i t is more
necessary to remove such an instrument of mischief
from
among
ou r
people,
for
hi s whole t ime wi ll be
employed in exciting cor rup t divi sions, whether he
can
succeed
0
not . A s to Letombe, i f you can prove
th at
he paid the b r ibes
or
de red by the French
Min
-
ister,
Ad
et
,
o r any th
ing l ike it , he ough t t o be sen t
7
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away.
But
perhaps it would be
better
to signify
that It expected that he go than to order him
out
at first by proclamation. There is a respect due to
public commissions which should wish to preserve
as fa r as
may
be consistent with safety.
The
alien law fear will
upon trial
be found in-
adequate to
the objec t
intended but
am willing to
tr y
it
in the case of Collot.
The
Works of John Adams by his grandson
Charles Francis Adams
18
56 Vol
IX
page 13
8
JOHN ADAMS
14th August 1800
In
a
letter
to J. Marshall Secretary of
State
written
from Quincy 14th
August
1800 he
wrote:-
• • relative to the consulate of Madeira. If
there is a necessity of removing
Mr. John
Marsden
Pintard a native American and an old consul why
should we appoint a foreigner in his s tead? Among
the number of applications for
consulates cannot we
find an American capable and wor thy of the
trust?
Mr. Lamar
is a partner in a respectable house bu t it
is said to be an English or rather a Scotch house.
Why should we take
the
bread out of the mouths of
our own children and give it to
strangers?
We do so
much of this in the army
navy and especially in
the
consulships abroad
t ha t i t
frequently gives me
great
anxiety.
The
Works
of
John
Adams
by his grandson
CharlesFrancis Adams 1856 Vol IX page 77
9
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I
I
JOHN
ADAMS
16th
A
pril
1801
In a letter t o Christopher Gadsden, wri t ten from
Quincy, Mass., 16
th
Apr il , 1801, he wrote
:
F< -
ddl
reIgn me ers , as you p rop erly denominate
them, h ave a
stra
nge, a myster ious influence in
th
is
coun try , I s ther e no p rid e in Amer ica n bosoms?
Can th eir hearts end
ure th
at Callender, Du ane,
and Lyon, should be th e most influenti al men
m
th
e countr y , a ll f or eigner s and a ll d
ez r
aded char-
acters ?
Th
e p la n of
our
worthy h. iends J ohn
Hutledge, r elat ive to the
adm
ission of st ran:ers to
th
: p r iv ileges of ci tizens , as you
exp
lain
it
ccr-
t
aml
y
pr
udent.
Amer
icans will find
th
at
th
eir own
will coincide with the experie nce of a ll
nat ions, and foreigner s must be received wi
th
caution, or they will destroy all confidence in aovern-
ment. b
he fVork s of Jo hn
Adams by
his q
ulson
Cha les
Fr
ancis
Adams
1856,
Vol.
LY,
page
58
4.
14
JOHN
QUINCY ADAMS
14th J anuary
1797
In
a l
etter
wri
tten
from
The
H
ague
to John Adams,
he wrote:
The
Pr
esid
ent
indeed, has
told
us,
and
I am
pro-
foundly convinced of the justice and
import
ance of
th
e advice,
th at
we
ought not
to involve ourselves at
all in the polit ica l sys tems of E ur ope,
bu t
to keep
our
selves always di
stinct
and
separa
t e from it. But
even to effect th is, constant and early
information
of
th
e cu
rrent
events and of
the
political
projects
in
co
ntemp
la t ion is no less necessary th
an
if we were
directly concerned in them.
is necess
ary
for th e
discovery of the efforts made to dr aw us
into
the vor-
t ex, in season to make preparations again st them.
Fr
om one of
th
e quota tions in
thi
s l
et t
er,
it
is ob-
se
rva
ble
th at Franc
e v
ery
formally considers
th
e
United States a s form ing a weigh t in th e balance of
Europe. France must, therefore, necessarily con-
duct itself towards us
upon th i
s supposition. Brit
ain
will with equal cer ta in ty do the same.
behooves us
to be
th
e more c
auti
ous and vi
gi l
an t to c
ounteract
all
th
eir
intri
gues and exer t ions on eit
her
side to make
us th e instrum
en t
s or the victims of th eir conquering
or p lun
der
ing ambition.
The
Writ
ings of John Quincy Adams edited by
Worthington
C.
Ford Vol.
II
page 88.
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