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T2. The forgotten thyroid hormone. Marc Harris ND. 1. Disclosure Statement. I have no relevant financial or non-financial relationship(s) within the products or services described, reviewed, evaluated or compared in this presentation. 2. Early Thyroid Research. Late 1800 ’ s. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Disclosure StatementDisclosure Statement
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I have no relevant financial or non-financial relationship(s) within the products or services described, reviewed, evaluated or compared in this presentation
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19601960’’ss
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Tata
•1st considered transcription
•T3 injected to hypothyroid rats
•Increased metabolic rate
•Actinomycin D
•No increase in metabolism
Tata, J. R., Ernster, L., and Lindberg, O. (1962) Nature 193, 1058-1060
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Location of ActionLocation of Action
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Cellular binding sites for T3
Extra nuclear actions
Oppenheimer, J. H., Koerner, D., Schwartz, H. L., aand Surks, M.I. (1972) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 35, 330-333
Oppenheimer, J. H., Schwartz, H.L., Mariash, C.N., Kinlaw, W. B., Wong, N. C. W., and Freake, H.C., (1987) Endocrine Rev., 8, 288-308
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19891989
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T3
Deiodinase inhibitor
T2
Deiodinase inhibitor
Horst,. Rokos H., and Seitz, H. J.(1989) biochem. J.261, 945-950
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T2 Location of actionT2 Location of action
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T3 And T2 administered to hypothyroid rats
Energy expenditure measured by RER
T3 and T2 had equivalent metabolic stimulation
Deiodinase inhibited
T2 stimulation of Beta Oxidation
Cimmino, M., Mion, F., Goglia, F., Minaire, Y., and Geloen, A. (1996) J. Endocrinol., 149, 319-325
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T3, T2T3, T2
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•O2 consumption•Thermogenesis
Equivalent
T2 Peaked at 24 hours
T3 Peaked at 50-75 hours
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Cold exposed RatsCold exposed Rats
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T2 and T3 injected
Improved cold tolerance by different mechanisms
T3 acting on cellular DNA level
Lanni, A., Moreno, M., Lombardi A., and Goglia F. (1998) Pflugers Arch.-Eur J. Physiol., 436, 407-414,
T2 thought to directly interact with mitochondria
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T2 T2 in vitroin vitro
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Cellular energetics
Lombardi, A., Lanni, A., Moreno, C., M., and Goglia, F., (1998) Biochem. J., 330 521-526
Brand, M.D. (1997)J. Exp, Biology., 200 193-202
Where does T2 work?
1. Proton motive force
2. Dissipation
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G6PDG6PD
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Lombardi, A., Beneduce, L., Moreno, M., Diano, S., Colantuoni, V., Ursini, M. V., Lanni, A., and Goglia, F. (2000) Endocrinology,141, 1729-1734
G6PD and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
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Pentose Phosphate Pentose Phosphate PathwayPathway
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•Nucleotide biosynthesis
•Detoxification
•Reduction of oxidized glutathione
•Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
•Central Brain Processing
• Synthesis of ATP
• Fatty acid biosynthesis
• Cholesterol biosynthesis
• Thyroid hormone production
• Serotonin production
• Dopamine Production
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Calcium UptakeCalcium Uptake
Hummerich, H., and Soboll, S. (1989) Biochem. J.,258, 363-367
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Cellular calcium - the correct amount
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T2 functions - T2 functions - SummarySummary
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Increase B Oxidation
Increase G6PD
Stimulates Growth Hormone
Increases Metabolic Rate
Warms up Cold Rats
Regulates Calcium Uptake
Regulates Deiodinases
Complementary to T3 stimulation
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AvailabilityAvailability
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Green Stone Swisswww.chemical-reagent.com
86-1-332-878-4921
Waterstone Techwww.waterstonetech.com
317-644-0862
Jinan Boss Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.www.chemboss.com.cn
Phone: 86-0531-585-91595Fax: 86-0531-863-30003
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Thyroid hormone T2
Facts are true until proven otherwise
Beliefs are true until proven otherwise
But, then they are still true
Author Unknown