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g types of connective tissue are covered in this ac olar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers betwe present in all mucous membranes) ssue (fat) ective tissue (tendons/ligaments) rtilage (nose/ends of long bones/ribs) rtilage (outer ear/epiglottis) lage (between vertebrae/knee joints/pubic joint) etal system) odstream)

The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

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Page 1: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity:

1. Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between

tissues; present in all mucous membranes)

2. Adipose tissue (fat)

3. Dense connective tissue (tendons/ligaments)

4. Hyaline cartilage (nose/ends of long bones/ribs)

5. Elastic cartilage (outer ear/epiglottis)

6. Fibrocartilage (between vertebrae/knee joints/pubic joint)

7. Bone (skeletal system)

8 Blood (bloodstream)

Page 2: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Table 4.1 Comparison of Classes of Connective Tissues (1 of 2)

Page 3: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Table 4.1 Comparison of Classes of Connective Tissues (2 of 2)

Page 4: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8a Connective tissues.

(a) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar

Description: Gel-like matrix with allthree fiber types; cells: fibroblasts,macrophages, mast cells, and somewhite blood cells.

Function: Wraps and cushionsorgans; its macrophages phagocytizebacteria; plays important role ininflammation; holds and conveystissue fluid.

Location: Widely distributed underepithelia of body, e.g., forms laminapropria of mucous membranes;packages organs; surroundscapillaries.

Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue, asoft packaging tissue of the body (300x).

Epithelium

Laminapropria

Fibroblastnuclei

Elasticfibers

Collagenfibers

Page 5: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.7 Areolar connective tissue: A prototype (model) connective tissue.

Macrophage

Fibroblast

Lymphocyte

Fat cell

Mast cell

Neutrophil

Capillary

Cell types Extracellularmatrix

Fibers• Collagen fiber• Elastic fiber• Reticular fiber

Ground substance

Page 6: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8b Connective tissues.

(b) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose

Description: Matrix as in areolar,but very sparse; closely packedadipocytes, or fat cells, havenucleus pushed to the side by largefat droplet.

Function: Provides reserve foodfuel; insulates against heat loss;supports and protects organs.

Location: Under skin in thehypodermis; around kidneys andeyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.

Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from thesubcutaneous layer under the skin (350x).

Nucleus offat cell

Vacuolecontainingfat droplet

Adiposetissue

Mammaryglands

Page 7: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8c Connective tissues.

(c) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular

Description: Network of reticularfibers in a typical loose groundsubstance; reticular cells lie on thenetwork.

Function: Fibers form a soft internalskeleton (stroma) that supports othercell types including white blood cells,mast cells, and macrophages.

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymphnodes, bone marrow, and spleen).

Photomicrograph: Dark-staining network of reticularconnective tissue fibers forming the internal skeletonof the spleen (350x).

Spleen

White bloodcell(lymphocyte)

Reticularfibers

Page 8: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8d Connective tissues.

(d) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular

Description: Primarily parallelcollagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;major cell type is the fibroblast.

Function: Attaches muscles tobones or to muscles; attaches bonesto bones; withstands great tensilestress when pulling force is appliedin one direction.

Location: Tendons, mostligaments, aponeuroses.

Photomicrograph: Dense regular connectivetissue from a tendon (500x).

Shoulderjoint

Ligament

Tendon

Collagenfibers

Nuclei offibroblasts

Page 9: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8e Connective tissues.

(e) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular

Description: Primarilyirregularly arranged collagenfibers; some elastic fibers;major cell type is the fibroblast.

Function: Able to withstandtension exerted in manydirections; provides structuralstrength.

Location: Fibrous capsules oforgans and of joints; dermis ofthe skin; submucosa ofdigestive tract.

Photomicrograph: Dense irregularconnective tissue from the dermis of theskin (400x).

Collagenfibers

Nuclei offibroblasts

Fibrousjointcapsule

Page 10: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8f Connective tissues.

(f) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic

Description: Dense regularconnective tissue containing a highproportion of elastic fibers.

Function: Allows recoil of tissuefollowing stretching; maintainspulsatile flow of blood througharteries; aids passive recoil of lungsfollowing inspiration.

Location: Walls of large arteries;within certain ligaments associatedwith the vertebral column; within thewalls of the bronchial tubes.

Elastic fibers

Aorta

HeartPhotomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue inthe wall of the aorta (250x).

Page 11: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8g Connective tissues.

(g) Cartilage: hyaline

Description: Amorphous but firmmatrix; collagen fibers form animperceptible network; chondroblastsproduce the matrix and when mature(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.

Function: Supports and reinforces;has resilient cushioning properties;resists compressive stress.

Location: Forms most of theembryonic skeleton; covers the endsof long bones in joint cavities; formscostal cartilages of the ribs; cartilagesof the nose, trachea, and larynx.

Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilage from thetrachea (750x).

Costalcartilages

Chondrocytein lacuna

Matrix

Page 12: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8h Connective tissues.

(h) Cartilage: elastic

Description: Similar to hyalinecartilage, but more elastic fibersin matrix.

Function: Maintains the shapeof a structure while allowinggreat flexibility.

Location: Supports the externalear (pinna); epiglottis.

Photomicrograph: Elastic cartilage fromthe human ear pinna; forms the flexibleskeleton of the ear (800x).

Chondrocytein lacuna

Matrix

Page 13: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8i Connective tissues.

(i) Cartilage: fibrocartilage

Description: Matrix similar tobut less firm than that in hyalinecartilage; thick collagen fiberspredominate.

Function: Tensile strengthwith the ability to absorbcompressive shock.

Location: Intervertebral discs;pubic symphysis; discs of kneejoint.

Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of anintervertebral disc (125x). Special stainingproduced the blue color seen.

Intervertebraldiscs

Chondrocytesin lacunae

Collagenfiber

Page 14: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8j Connective tissues.

(j) Others: bone (osseous tissue)

Description: Hard, calcifiedmatrix containing many collagenfibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.Very well vascularized.

Function: Bone supports andprotects (by enclosing);provides levers for the musclesto act on; stores calcium andother minerals and fat; marrowinside bones is the site for bloodcell formation (hematopoiesis).

Location: Bones

Photomicrograph: Cross-sectional viewof bone (125x).

Lacunae

Lamella

Centralcanal

Page 15: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.8k Connective tissues.

(k) Others: blood

Description: Red and whiteblood cells in a fluid matrix(plasma).

Function: Transport ofrespiratory gases, nutrients,wastes, and other substances.

Location: Contained withinblood vessels.

Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1860x); twowhite blood cells (neutrophil in upper left and lymphocytein lower right) are seen surrounded by red blood cells.

Neutrophil

Red bloodcells

Lymphocyte

Plasma

Page 16: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

Given the previous outline and examples

Can you name?

First, the tissue type

Second, where in the body the tissue is found

Page 17: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

delicate thin layers between tissues; present in all mucous membranes

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Page 18: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Adipose tissue

fat

Page 19: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Dense connective tissue

tendons; ligaments

Page 20: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

nose; ends of long bones; ribs

Page 21: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Elastic cartilage

outer ear; epiglottis

Page 22: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Fibrocartilage

between vertebrae; knee joints; pubic joint

Page 23: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Bone

skeletal system

Page 24: The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between tissues; present

What kind of tissue does this represent?

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

Blood

bloodstream