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October 9, 2013
An Important note from the Principal Investigator Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL on the document that follows:
The following PowerPoint was prepared by A. Astaneh-Asl in 2002.
Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL, Ph.D., P.E.
Professor and Principal Investigator for the NSF Funded UC Berkeley WTC Project (Duration: 10-2001 to 9-2002)
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Engineering Rapid Response to Disasters
The Case of World Trade Center
By
Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, Professor
(www.ce.berkeley.edu/~astaneh)
University of California, Berkeley
9/11
Rapid Response Investigation
This document is part of the “World Trade Center Post-Disaster Reconnaissance and Perishable Structural
Engineering Data Collection”, a research project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation at the Univ. of
California Berkeley with Prof. Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL as Principal Investigator
(http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~astaneh) as the Principal Investigator. Duration of the project was from 10/2001 to
9/2002. Further Information and project archives are at http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC. © 2001 Abolhassan
ASTANEH-ASL.
"This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial -No Derivatives License."
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http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
The lecture is dedicated to the memories of all victims
of 9/11 attacks and to the firefighters, police officers
and other first responders who so heroically sacrificed
their lives to save others. A. Astaneh-Asl
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Question: How engineers contribute to
Emergency Response?
Answer:
(1) By providing first-responders with
technical information on structural
and fire safety,
(2) By investigating the disaster,
establishing the cause of failure and
by learning from it and;
(3) By providing public with technical
information on disasters.
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The Case of
World Trade Center
… and my involvement
Credit:Photographer Unknown
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World’s 10 Tallest Buildings
WTC 1 2 3 4 5 Petronas Sears Jin Mao Citic Plaza Shun Ming Malaysia Chicago China New York China China
88 stories 110 stories 88 stories 110 stories 80 stories 69 stories
1,483 ft 1,450 ft 1,381 ft 1,360 ft 1,283 ft 1,260 ft
6 7 8 9 10 Empire State Central Plaza Bank of China Emirates Tower 1 The Center New York Hong Kong Hong Kong U.A. E. Hong Kong
102 stories 78 stories 70 stories 55 stories 79 stories
1,250 ft 1,227 ft 1,209 ft 1,165 ft 1,148 ft
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Height of Skyscrapers
1368ft 1381 1450 1483 1509 1883ft
Planned, not
completed yet 7 of 45
Forces that buildings are
designed for:
Some
Buildings in
Recent Years
Wind Blast Seismic Gravity Planes Only
WTC
Designed for
Boeing 707
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The Architect
Minoru Yamasaki
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The Structural Engineer
Leslie E. Robertson
Credit:Photo by Alan McWeeney/New Yorker
LERA Photo
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Typical Framing System Water Tower Place, Chicago
Credit: 100 World’s Tall Buildings Credit: “Building Structures” by W. Schuller
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The Steel Structure
Credit:PANYNJ
Towers had large column-free areas
209 ft
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Tube System
Credit: PANYNJ
Column Section 13 of 45
Floors
Credit: PANYNJ
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World Trade Center
Construction
Credit:PANYNJPhotographer Unknown
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Construction of WTC Tower
Credit:PANYNJ
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Car bomb caused collapse of 3
parking floors but structure
survived.
The 1993 Attacks
Credit: Engineering News Record 17 of 45
World Trade Center
The 9/11 Attacks
Credit:Photographer Unknown
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3-D Plane Hit Areas and Casualties
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External and Internal Columns as well as
floors were damaged in 3 floors
Plane Impacting the Structure
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Plane Impacting the Structure
External and Internal Columns as well as
floors were damaged in 3 floors
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External and Internal Columns as well as
floors were damaged in 3 floors
Ensuing Fires
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The
damaged
floor
collapsed
dropping
top portion
on the lower
part
collapsing
the entire
structure
Final Collapse Due to Gravity
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Post Collapse Investigation of WTC
Steel Structure
(Sept. ’01-Present)
By A. Astaneh-Asl
Research Funded by the
National Science Foundation
Photo by William Farrington for A. Astaneh’s WTC NSF Project. Copyright © 2001 UC Board of Regents
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Post Collapse Investigation of WTC Steel Structure
(Sept. ’01-Present)
By A. Astaneh-Asl
Research Funded by the National Science Foundation
http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
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Here are some examples of our field findings.
Studies of World Trade Center, Principal Investigator: A. Astaneh-Asl , University of California, Berkeley
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Photo by W. Farrington for A. Astaneh’s NSF Report
Photo by William Farrington for A. Astaneh’s WTC NSF Project. Copyright © 2001 UC Board of Regents
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Here are some examples of our field findings.
Studies of World Trade Center, Principal Investigator: A. Astaneh-Asl , University of California, Berkeley
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Photo by A. Astaneh-Asl
http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
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Here are some examples of our field findings.
Studies of World Trade Center, Principal Investigator: A. Astaneh-Asl , University of California, Berkeley
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Photo: A. Astaneh-Asl http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
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Here are some examples of our field findings.
Studies of World Trade Center, Principal Investigator: A. Astaneh-Asl , University of California, Berkeley
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Photo: HNSE
http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
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FEMA/ASCE BPAT Work (Oct. ‘01-March ’02)
Hindrances to investigations:
The recycling of steel structure, loss of perishable
data, FEMA/ASCE non-disclosures agreement, ….
and outrage of the victim’s families and firefighters
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Hearings of the Committee on Science,
U.S. House of Representatives
Chairman Boehlert,
Committee on Science
A. Astaneh-Asl
University of California
A bill was introduced in Congress to establish “National Construction Safety Team” within
Dept. of Commerce (NIST) to investigate future building collapses as well as the WTC
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Here at UC-Berkeley, we have continued analytical studies of the WTC with
collaboration of researchers and engineers from LLNL, IIT, and MSC
Software Corp.
UC-Berkeley and MSC Software Corporation
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Close ups
Fully loaded plane entering the structure and damaging it..
Studies of World Trade Center, Principal Investigator: A. Astaneh-Asl , University of California, Berkeley
Sponsor: Civil and Mechanical Systems Program, National Science Foundation
University of California Berkeley and MSC Software Corporation
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University of California, Berkeley and MSC Software Corporation
Studies of the World Trade Center
Principal Investigator: A. Astaneh-Asl , Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Fire Heating-
up Damaged
Structure,
Weakening it
and the
Structure
Collapses
under the
Gravity Load.
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Current Status of our Studies
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Developing Protective Systems
At University of California, Berkeley
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The car bomb exploded too close to the building,
knocking out columns and transfer girders. Then due
to progressive collapse, ½ of the building collapse
under gravity load.
The Case of Progressive Collapse of
Murrah Building, Oklahoma City, 1995
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Analysis at LLNL and Actual Full Size
Test at Univ. of California at Berkeley
Vertical Displacement of
20.8 inches
Cables
A.Astaneh-Asl, D. McCallen, E.
Madsen, B. Jones, R. Jong, W. Li,
Y.Zhao,
http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
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Composite Shear Walls Can Be Used
Around Stairwells to Protect Egress
Routes
Research Data on Fire Resistance Can be Useful
http://lib.berkeley.edu/ENGI/WTC
Copyright © 2001 Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL
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Lessons Learned and Concluding
Remarks
1. Need better fire protection for structures
2. Need better egress routes for the occupants
3. Need new systems to prevent progressive collapse
4. Developers, architects, structural engineers and fire engineering should work together and consider safety of the occupants the highest priority regardless of the cost.
5. We all need to do our best to eliminate hate, to avoid violent resolution of disputes and work harder to have a more peaceful world.
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Wish you still were here, …
Photo by: Andre Souroujon
….and more than 3000 of our loved ones who so
violently perished on 9/11. 42 of 45
What can we do about airplanes crashing
into buildings? 1. Need better protection against Progressive
Collapse.
2. Electronic signal based protections.
Crash of a plane into a 32-story
building in Milan Italy
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Composite Shear Walls Can Be Used Around
Stairwells to Protect Egress Routes
Relatively
Thin Steel
Plate Welded
to Steel
Structure
Lightly
Reinforced,
Lightweight
Concrete
Panel
Connected
to Steel Plate
Steel Plate Resists the
Pressure by Membrane Action.
Concrete Panel Bent and
Damaged.
Components of the
Proposed Wall
Membrane Action of Steel
Plate Behind Concrete Panel
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Wish you were here Concluding Remarks:
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