The First Thanksgiving

The First Thanksgiving

In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving an official US holiday.Thanksgiving an official US holiday.

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637Pequots Pequots very very

powerful tribepowerful tribein CT river valley.in CT river valley.

1637 1637 Pequot PequotWarWar

Whites, withWhites, withNarragansettNarragansettIndian allies,Indian allies,attacked Pequotattacked Pequotvillage on Mystic village on Mystic River.River.

Whites set fire Whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors!to homes & shot fleeing survivors!

Pequot tribe virtually annihilatedPequot tribe virtually annihilated an uneasy an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years.peace lasted for 40 years.

Only hope for Native Only hope for Native Americans to resist Americans to resist white settlers was to white settlers was to UNITE.UNITE.

MetacomMetacom [King Philip to [King Philip to white settlers]white settlers]

Massasoit’s son united Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged Indians and staged coordinated attacks coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New on white settlements throughout New England.England.

Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.Boston.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

The war ended in failure for the The war ended in failure for the IndiansIndians

Metacom beheaded and drawn and Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.quartered.

His son and wife sold into slavery.His son and wife sold into slavery.

Never a serious threat in New England Never a serious threat in New England again!!again!!

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

Population of the New England Colonies

Population of the New England Colonies

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake

Why were the Puritans so intolerant of religious views other than their own?

…once here, they expected everyone to think and believe as they did and did not want to deal with differing views. Also, it was easy for others to find land and a place of their own.

Chapter 3, Section 3Chapter 3, Section 3 Did You Know?Did You Know?

The term The term "Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania Dutch"Dutch" doesn't refer to doesn't refer to Dutch settlers in Dutch settlers in Pennsylvania, but Pennsylvania, but instead to seventeenth- instead to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century and eighteenth-century German settlersGerman settlers. The . The term comes from the term comes from the German word Deutsch, German word Deutsch, meaning meaning "German,""German," which was mistakenly which was mistakenly changed to the English changed to the English word Dutch. Some word Dutch. Some descendants of these descendants of these original settlers still original settlers still speak a German dialect, speak a German dialect, known as known as Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Dutch.Dutch.

I. England and the ColoniesI. England and the Colonies (Pages (Pages 82-84)82-84) In 1660 England had two groups of colonies:In 1660 England had two groups of colonies:

The New England colonies run by private The New England colonies run by private corporations under a royal charter. They were corporations under a royal charter. They were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.and Rhode Island.

The royal coloniesThe royal colonies run by England. They were run by England. They were Maryland and Virginia.Maryland and Virginia.

England wanted to gain control of the Dutch-England wanted to gain control of the Dutch-controlled land in between these two groups of controlled land in between these two groups of colonies because of its harbor and river trade.colonies because of its harbor and river trade.

The Dutch colony was The Dutch colony was New Netherland.New Netherland. Its main Its main settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island was a center of shipping to and from the Island was a center of shipping to and from the Americas. The Dutch West India Company gave Americas. The Dutch West India Company gave new settlers who brought at least 50 settlers with new settlers who brought at least 50 settlers with them a large estate. These landowners gained them a large estate. These landowners gained riverfront estates and ruled like kings. They were riverfront estates and ruled like kings. They were called patroons.called patroons.

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660

Characteristics of New Amsterdam:

Aristocratic patroonships [feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them].

Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages.

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColony

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]

1664 English soldiers arrived.

Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.

Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

Renamed “New York”

England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.

England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

New YorkNew York

Manors &Manors &

Land GrantsLand Grants

PatroonshipsPatroonships

Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter

Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter

I. ContinuedI. Continued In 1644 the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. The In 1644 the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. The

governor of New Amsterdam, governor of New Amsterdam, Peter StuyvesantPeter Stuyvesant, , image image was was unprepared for a battle, so he surrendered the colony.unprepared for a battle, so he surrendered the colony.

TheThe Duke of York Duke of York (who becomes King James II)(who becomes King James II) gained control gained control of the colony and named it New York. He promised the of the colony and named it New York. He promised the colonists freedom of religion and allowed them to hold on to colonists freedom of religion and allowed them to hold on to their land.their land.

The population of The population of New York grew to about 8,000 in 1664New York grew to about 8,000 in 1664. . New Amsterdam, now called New York City, became one of the New Amsterdam, now called New York City, became one of the fastest-growing locations in the colony.fastest-growing locations in the colony.

The southern part of New York between the Hudson and the The southern part of New York between the Hudson and the Delaware Rivers became New Jersey. Its inhabitants were Delaware Rivers became New Jersey. Its inhabitants were diverse in ethnicity and religion, like those from New York. diverse in ethnicity and religion, like those from New York. Without a major port or city, however, it did not make the Without a major port or city, however, it did not make the money the landowners expected.money the landowners expected.

By By 1702 New Jersey became a royal colony1702 New Jersey became a royal colony, yet it , yet it continued to make local laws.continued to make local laws.

New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor 1664 aristocratic

proprietors rcvd. the area from the Duke of York.

Many New Englanders [because of worn out soil] moved to NJ.

1674 West NJ sold to Quakers.

East NJ eventually acquired by Quakers.

1702 E & W NJ combined into NJ and created one colony.

How did owning a large estate play such an important role in the settlement of New York?

People were encouraged to come to the colony with a large group of people to become landowners. In turn, owning land gave them wealth, power, and prestige. Land, in Europe, as well as America, was the measure of a man’s political, societal and economic status.

II. Pennsylvania II. Pennsylvania (Page (Page 84)84) William PennWilliam Penn received a large tract received a large tract of of

land in America from the king as land in America from the king as repayment repayment ofof a debt. The colony was a debt. The colony was Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

Penn, a Quaker, saw Pennsylvania as a Penn, a Quaker, saw Pennsylvania as a chance to put the Quaker ideas chance to put the Quaker ideas of of tolerance tolerance and and equalityequality into practice. into practice. He He designed the city designed the city of of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia and and wrote the first constitutionwrote the first constitution. . Most Most Quakers were pacifists (people who Quakers were pacifists (people who refuse to use force or fight in wars)refuse to use force or fight in wars)

William Penn’s Appeal for Immigrants

“First. Industrious farmers and day laborers who are hardly able to maintain their families in their present state. Second. Industrious people…”

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.

They offended religious & secular leaders in England.

Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.

They met without paid clergy

Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.

Keep hats on.

Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”

Wouldn’t take oaths.

Pacifists.

Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans

Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

OAT Question: People in Society

Interaction 1. Trace the development of religious diversity in the colonies, and analyze how the concept of religious freedom has evolved in the United States

5. The Quakers emigrated from England to the American colonies in the late 1600s.The Quakers’ experiences in England led them to adopt which policy in their new colony of Pennsylvania?

A. tolerating different religionsB. discouraging industrializationC. allowing women to vote in electionsD. prohibiting Catholics from owning property

2009 OAT Test Question

C. C. To encourage settlers to To encourage settlers to PennsylvaniaPennsylvania,, he advertised the colony throughout Europe in he advertised the colony throughout Europe in several languages. By 1683 more than 3,000 several languages. By 1683 more than 3,000 English, English, WelshWelsh,, IrishIrish, , DutchDutch, and , and GermanGerman people settled there.people settled there.

D. D. In 1701 Penn granted the colonists the right In 1701 Penn granted the colonists the right to elect representatives to a to elect representatives to a legislative legislative assemblyassembly.. In 1703 Three Lower Counties In 1703 Three Lower Counties formed their own legislature and became the formed their own legislature and became the colony colony of of Delaware.Delaware.

E. E. The counties functioned as a separate colony The counties functioned as a separate colony known as Delaware and were known as Delaware and were supervised by supervised by Pennsylvania's governor.Pennsylvania's governor.

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups

I. I. Coming to America Coming to America (Pages (Pages 86-88)86-88) A. The colonies needed people to grow A. The colonies needed people to grow

and prosper. Settlers came voluntarily. and prosper. Settlers came voluntarily. Others came because they wereOthers came because they were

1. 1. criminals or prisoners of war from England criminals or prisoners of war from England and Scotland and could earn their release if and Scotland and could earn their release if they worked for a period of time (seven years).they worked for a period of time (seven years).

2. 2. seized and brought as slaves seized and brought as slaves from Africafrom Africa.. 33. . indenturedindentured contractcontract servants who worked servants who worked

without pay for a certain period of time in without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for their passage.exchange for their passage.

B. B. MarylandMaryland became a became a proprietary proprietary colonycolony in 1632. King Charles I gave in 1632. King Charles I gave Sir George CalvertSir George Calvert,, called Lord Baltimore, called Lord Baltimore, a colony north of Virginia. Lord Baltimore a colony north of Virginia. Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a safe place forwanted to establish a safe place for CatholicsCatholics, and he also hoped that the , and he also hoped that the colony colony would make him would make him richrich..

St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)

C. C. Maryland tobacco farmers also produced wheat, Maryland tobacco farmers also produced wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock so that they would fruit, vegetables, and livestock so that they would not be dependent upon one cash crop. Wealthy not be dependent upon one cash crop. Wealthy landowners became powerful. landowners became powerful. As plantations grew As plantations grew in number, indentured servants and enslaved in number, indentured servants and enslaved Africans were used to work the plantationsAfricans were used to work the plantations..

D. D. Baltimore became the largest settlement, Baltimore became the largest settlement, founded in 1729.founded in 1729.

E. E. Because the boundary between Maryland and Because the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania was disputed, the British Pennsylvania was disputed, the British astronomers, astronomers, Mason and DixonMason and Dixon,, readingreading were hired to were hired to resolve the issue and establish a boundaryresolve the issue and establish a boundary. . (symbolic line (symbolic line between free and slave)between free and slave)

F. A conflict between Catholics and Protestants, F. A conflict between Catholics and Protestants, who outnumbered them, resulted in the passage of who outnumbered them, resulted in the passage of the the Act of Toleration in 1649.Act of Toleration in 1649. It stated that both It stated that both groups had the right to worship freely.groups had the right to worship freely. The colony's The colony's Protestant majority repealed this act in 1692.Protestant majority repealed this act in 1692.

Baltimore permitted high degree of Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Protestants.

High number of Protestants threatened High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.Catholics.

Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.

Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].

In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!

A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics

The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649...whatsoever person or persons shall from ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders...of every such offender and offenders...

and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...." such reproachful language...."

II. Virginia Expands II. Virginia Expands (Pages (Pages 88-89)88-89) A. A. As Virginia grew, settlers moved inland to open up As Virginia grew, settlers moved inland to open up

the backcountry. the backcountry. Native Americans lived on these lands. Native Americans lived on these lands. The governor, The governor,

Sir William Berkeley, worked out an arrangement Sir William Berkeley, worked out an arrangement in 1644 that kept settlers from moving farther in 1644 that kept settlers from moving farther into Native American land.into Native American land. The settlers received a The settlers received a large piece of land, and conflicts were diminished.large piece of land, and conflicts were diminished.

Many Virginia westerners resented Berkeley's pledge to Many Virginia westerners resented Berkeley's pledge to the Native Americans and settled in the lands anyway. the Native Americans and settled in the lands anyway. As a result, As a result, Native Americans raided these settlements.Native Americans raided these settlements.

C.C. Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon magemage brotherbrother opposed colonial government opposed colonial government because it was made of easternersbecause it was made of easterners. He led attacks on . He led attacks on Native American villages, set fire to the capital, Native American villages, set fire to the capital, marched into Jamestown, and drove Berkeley into exile. marched into Jamestown, and drove Berkeley into exile. England summoned Berkeley and sent troops to restore England summoned Berkeley and sent troops to restore order.order.

Family portrait of Nathaniel Bacon and his brother Eggs Bacon.

Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676

Rebels attacked Indians, Rebels attacked Indians, whether they were friendly or whether they were friendly or not to whites.not to whites.

Governor Berkeley driven from Governor Berkeley driven from Jamestown.Jamestown.

They burned the capital.They burned the capital.

Rebels went on a rampage of Rebels went on a rampage of plundering.plundering.

Bacon suddenly died of fever.Bacon suddenly died of fever.

Berkeley brutally crushed the Berkeley brutally crushed the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion 16761676 Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion 16761676

It exposed resentments It exposed resentments between inland frontiersmen between inland frontiersmen and landless former servants and landless former servants against gentry on coastal against gentry on coastal plantations.plantations.

Socio-economic class Socio-economic class differences/clashes between differences/clashes between rural and urban communities rural and urban communities would continue throughout would continue throughout American history.American history.

Upper class planters searched Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel for laborers less likely to rebel BLACK SLAVES!! BLACK SLAVES!!

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

17 17 c c PopulationPopulationin the Chesapeakein the Chesapeake

17 17 c c PopulationPopulationin the Chesapeakein the Chesapeake

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1607 1630 1650 1670 1690

White

Black

WHY this large increase in black WHY this large increase in black population?population?

III. Settling the CarolinasIII. Settling the Carolinas (Pages 89-90)(Pages 89-90) A. A. King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina. King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina.

The proprietors took large estates for themselves The proprietors took large estates for themselves and hoped to sell and rent land to new settlers. In and hoped to sell and rent land to new settlers. In 1670 English settlers arrived, and by 1680 they 1670 English settlers arrived, and by 1680 they founded Charleston.founded Charleston.

B. The English philosopher B. The English philosopher John LockeJohn Locke wrote their constitution which covered wrote their constitution which covered such subjects as land distribution and such subjects as land distribution and social ranking.social ranking.

C. Northern Carolina was settled by small farmers. C. Northern Carolina was settled by small farmers. Because this northern region did not have a good Because this northern region did not have a good harbor, settlers relied on Virginia's ports.harbor, settlers relied on Virginia's ports.

D. D. Southern Carolina was more prosperous due to Southern Carolina was more prosperous due to the fertile farmland and its harbor city, Charleston. the fertile farmland and its harbor city, Charleston. Rice became the leading crop, andRice became the leading crop, and indigo indigo, a blue , a blue flowering plant, became the "blue gold" of Carolina.flowering plant, became the "blue gold" of Carolina.

Thomas Jefferson -- "…(Francis) Bacon, Locke and (Sir Isaac) Newton..I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception, and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the Physical and Moral sciences".

Locke's political theory was founded on social contract theory. Locke believed that human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance. In a natural state all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend his “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions", basis for the phrase in America; "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness".

Locke assumed that the individual right to defend in the state of nature was not enough, so people established a civil society to resolve conflicts in a civil way with help from government in a state of society. Social Contract theory. Right to Revolt.

E. E. Most of the settlers of southern Carolina Most of the settlers of southern Carolina came from the English colony of Barbados in came from the English colony of Barbados in the West Indies and were people of wealth the West Indies and were people of wealth and position. They brought with them and position. They brought with them enslaved Africans to work in the rice fields. enslaved Africans to work in the rice fields. Because so much labor was needed to grow Because so much labor was needed to grow rice, the demand for slaves increasedrice, the demand for slaves increased.. By By 1708 more than half of Southern Carolina's 1708 more than half of Southern Carolina's new settlers were enslaved Africans.new settlers were enslaved Africans.

F. F. Carolina's settlers were angry at the Carolina's settlers were angry at the proprietors. They wanted a greater role proprietors. They wanted a greater role in the colony's government. In 1719 the in the colony's government. In 1719 the settlers in southern Carolina seized settlers in southern Carolina seized control from its proprietors. Carolina control from its proprietors. Carolina was formally divided into two colonies-was formally divided into two colonies-North Carolina and South Carolina-in North Carolina and South Carolina-in 1729.1729.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.

Export silk and wine.

A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.

Determined to keep slavery out!

Slavery found in GAby 1750.

IV. IV. GeorgiaGeorgia mapmap (Pages 90-92)(Pages 90-92)

A. A. James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe imageimage founded the colony of founded the colony of Georgia in 1733. It was the last British colony to be Georgia in 1733. It was the last British colony to be founded in the Americas. Great Britain created founded in the Americas. Great Britain created Georgia for several reasons:Georgia for several reasons: 1. 1. as a place where British debtors and poor people could as a place where British debtors and poor people could

make a fresh startmake a fresh start 2. 2. as as a military barrier to protect the other British colonies a military barrier to protect the other British colonies

from Spainfrom Spain due to its loca tion between Spanish Florida and due to its loca tion between Spanish Florida and South CarolinaSouth Carolina

B. B. Georgia did receive poor people but few debtors. Georgia did receive poor people but few debtors. Religious refugees also settled there.Religious refugees also settled there.

C. The town of Savannah was created in C. The town of Savannah was created in 17331733..town town planplan

Oglethorpe Oglethorpe banned slaverybanned slavery, , Catholics, and Catholics, and rum in the colony and limited the size of rum in the colony and limited the size of farms.farms. As settlers came, they objected to the laws, As settlers came, they objected to the laws, so he lifted all the bans except on slavery. so he lifted all the bans except on slavery. In 1751, In 1751, he turned the colony back to the king. he turned the colony back to the king.

William WilberforceJohn Newton

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

V. New France V. New France map map (Page (Page 92)92)

A. A. The French settlement in the Americas grew The French settlement in the Americas grew slowly. The French were interested mainly in the slowly. The French were interested mainly in the fishing and fur trade at first. Their settlement called fishing and fur trade at first. Their settlement called New France became a royal colony in 1663. They had New France became a royal colony in 1663. They had settlements in two regions:settlements in two regions: 1. 1. North inNorth in Quebec Quebec and along the St. Lawrence River. and along the St. Lawrence River.

They consisted mostly of They consisted mostly of fort listfort list forts, trading posts, forts, trading posts, and later large estates.and later large estates.

2. 2. South along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of South along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed the region called Louisiana Mexico. La Salle claimed the region called Louisiana for France. In 1718 the port city of for France. In 1718 the port city of New OrleansNew Orleans was was founded.founded.

B. B. The French, years later, did send explorers, The French, years later, did send explorers, traders, and missionaries farther west to the Rocky traders, and missionaries farther west to the Rocky Mountains and southwest to the Rio Grande.Mountains and southwest to the Rio Grande.

CC. The French respected the ways of the Native . The French respected the ways of the Native Americans, did not attempt to take their land- Americans, did not attempt to take their land- so they had better relations with them than did so they had better relations with them than did other Europeans.other Europeans. The fur trappers traveled far into The fur trappers traveled far into Native American territory, so they needed to learn to Native American territory, so they needed to learn to live among the Native Americans. The missionaries live among the Native Americans. The missionaries did not try to change their customs.did not try to change their customs.

VI.VI. New Spain New Spain mapmap (Pages (Pages 92-93)92-93) A. Spain had a large empire in A. Spain had a large empire in MexicoMexico, the , the CaribbeanCaribbean, ,

Central, and South AmericaCentral, and South America called New Spain. To keep called New Spain. To keep control and protect their claims, they sent soldiers, control and protect their claims, they sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers north of this region into missionaries, and settlers north of this region into present-day present-day New Mexico, where Santa FeNew Mexico, where Santa Fe was founded was founded in late 1609 or early 1610in late 1609 or early 1610 1. Arizona in the late 1600s1. Arizona in the late 1600s 2. the region that is now Texas in the early 1700s, 2. the region that is now Texas in the early 1700s,

establishing San Antonio and other military postsestablishing San Antonio and other military posts 3. California3. California

B. In California Spanish priests built missions to B. In California Spanish priests built missions to convert people to Catholicism.convert people to Catholicism. In 1769 Junipero Serra In 1769 Junipero Serra founded a mission at San Diego. Many more missions founded a mission at San Diego. Many more missions mapmap that eventually became large cities were that eventually became large cities were established along the EI Camino Real.established along the EI Camino Real.

Chapter 3, Section 4Chapter 3, Section 4 C. Rivalries in Europe between Great Britain and C. Rivalries in Europe between Great Britain and

France often resulted in fighting between the British France often resulted in fighting between the British and Spanish colonies in America. and Spanish colonies in America. Wars between the Wars between the British and French in Europe also greatly affected their British and French in Europe also greatly affected their lands in the Americas.lands in the Americas.