The First FiveJanuary 15, 2015

Agenda Message: Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due tomorrow

Warm-up: • What do you already know

about the Cherokee & Creek cultures?

• How have their cultures influenced the state of Georgia?

GroupsGroup 1: Settling the River Valleys, pp. 197-198Group 2: The colonists and the Cherokee, pp. 198- 199Group 3: The United States and the Cherokee Nation, p. 199Group 4: Sequoyah & the Cherokee Phoenix, p. 200Group 5: Changes in Lifestyle & A Government and Law, p. 201Group 6: Respected Cherokee Leaders, p. 202

The Last Word

The First FiveJanuary 16, 2015

Agenda Message: No school on Monday = MLK, Jr.

Warm-up: It is 1830. The U.S. government has given your tribe a choice: move west to a reservation and keep your traditional way of life, or stay and adapt. Most of your tribal land has been sold or taken. The remaining land is isolated and not very good for farming. • Would you stay or would you leave? • How would your life change if you stayed in Georgia? • How would your life change if you moved west?

Unit 7: Creek & Cherokee Nations (1800-1840)

SS8H5d: Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees, include the roles of Alexander McGillivray,

William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the

Trail of Tears.

Alexander McGillivray

• Chief Alexander McGillivray led the Creek Indian tribes in Georgia.

• In 1790, President George Washington & Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York.

• In this treaty, the Creek Indians gave up all of their land east of the Oconee River (near Athens, GA).

• The U.S. government started removing Creek Indians off of their land in Georgia.

• Headright System and land lottery will be used to distribute land to white settlers.

William McIntosh

• As more and more of the Creek Indian land was given to the U.S. government, Creek tribes became separated from each other.

• There was little chance for the Creeks to talk and trade with each other.

• On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000.

• Groups of Creek Indians beat, stabbed, & scalped Chief McIntosh for secretly selling away the Creeks’ land to the USA.

Gold Rush in Georgia

• White settlers continued to move into northern Georgia, because of the attraction to:

1. Rich land2. Timber3. Other natural resources• In 1828, gold was found near Dahlonega, GA.• This caused a rush of people to arrive and

caused the Cherokee to be removed off their land.

Sequoyah

• I760-George Gist, also known as Sequoyah was born.

• He created the Cherokee alphabet or syllabary, which are symbols that stand for whole syllables.

• The Cherokee alphabet or syllabary has 86 symbols.

The First FiveJanuary 20, 2015

Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 quiz on Friday!Warm-up: View the painting of the Trail of Tears and write down three observations that you made from the picture.

http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tears

Worcester v. Georgia• On December 22, 1830, the General Assembly passed a law stating that a white person could not live on

Cherokee land without taking an oath of allegiance to the governor.• 11 white people refused to sign the oath, including the Reverend Samuel Worcester (postmaster of the

New Echota post office)• The 11 people were jailed…chained together and made to walk from the North Georgia Mountains to

Lawrenceville, GA.• Then they were sentenced to serve 4 years at the state penitentiary in Milledgeville.• Governor George Gilmer agreed to pardon any of them, who would sign the oath of allegiance…Only 2

of the prisoners refused to do so.• Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court…Chief Justice John

Marshall rendered his decision ordering Worcester and Butler set free (they won)!• However, Georgia’s Governor Gilmer refused to accept the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, and so

did the next incoming governor (Governor Wilson Lumpkin).• Worcester and Butler gave up.• Governor Lumpkin pardoned them and banned the two men out of Georgia forever.• Governor Lumpkin took the Cherokee land in North Georgia and divided up. • In 1832, Georgia held a land lottery and distributed Cherokee land out to Georgia’s white males.

Andrew Jackson• Elected president of the USA in

1828.• 1830-Indian Removal Act was

passed in Congress and $500,000 was set aside to enforce it.

• All Native Americans were moved to western land called reservations.

• Choctaws were removed 1st in 1831, then the Cherokees were last to be removed in 1838.

John Ross

• Principal chief of the Cherokee Indians.

• He tried to save Cherokee land from being taken by both the Georgia General Assembly and the U.S. government during the 1830s-1840s.

The First FiveJanuary 21, 2015

Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 quiz on Friday!

Today’s Warm-up:Which treaty required the Creek to give up all their land east of the Oconee River?A. Treaty of ParisB. Treaty of GhentC. Treaty of New YorkD. Treaty of New Echota

Trail of TearsAnuna-da-ut-sun’y

• In 1835, a Cherokee chief named Major Ridge signed the Treaty of New Echota with US President Andrew Jackson, but without the permission of Cherokee principal chief John Ross.

• This treaty gave up all Cherokee lands in Georgia in exchange for lands in Oklahoma and 5 million dollars.

• John Ross and other Cherokees thought the US government would protect Cherokee lands from white settlement because of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case.

• Instead, the US Army enforced the 1830 Indian Removal Act and in 1838 Cherokee homes and farms were burned.

• The Cherokee were rounded up in concentration camps and forced to migrate to Oklahoma.

• Major Ridge and others Cherokees who signed the Treaty of New Echota were soon executed in Oklahoma by supporters of Cherokee chief John Ross.

Trail of TearsAnuna-da-ut-sun’y

• Army General Winfield Scott and his soldiers were ordered to remove all (15,000+) Cherokee from their land in North Georgia.

• In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to walk 800 miles from New Echota (Calhoun, GA) to the new Indian Territory (Oklahoma).

• During this 3 months winter walk, many (4,000+) of the Cherokee and their animals died from starvation and from colds.

Trail of Tears Map

References

Blankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8th grade Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc.

Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, Inc.

London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery,AL: Clairmont Press.