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THE FIRST CHRISTIANS
Ch. 9 Sec. 1
THE JEWS AND ROMANS
Jerusalem—capital of Israel
Kingdom divided into two kingdoms• Judah and Israel
Israel was destroyed
Jews survived—people of Judah
ROMAN RULE
63 B.C. Romans took over Judah
6 A.D. Emperor Augustus turned Judah into a
Roman province called Judaea
Procurator—Roman governor
JEWS REBEL
Jews believed they should take back control
Zealots convinced Jews to rebel in A.D. 66
Romans destroyed them
Josephus—fought in war and wrote History of the Jewish
War
JEWS REBEL
132 A.D. Jews rebelled again and were defeated
Jews scattered all over the world
By 700 A.D. Jews had settled in• Spain• Central Asia• Europe• Americas
THE LIFE OF JESUS
Messiah—a deliverer of God and would help lead
the Jews to freedom.
Jesus-a Jew who was from Nazareth, who began
preaching
30-33 A.D. traveled throughout Judaea and Galilee
THE LIFE OF JESUS
Crowds gathered to hear him preach
Assembled a small band of 12 close followers
called Disciples
WHAT DID JESUS TEACH
Jesus preached, according to Christian Bible, that
God was coming soon to rule the world
Urged people to turn from sin
Important to love God and their neighbors
WHAT DID JESUS TEACH
Jesus’s main teachings from Sermon on the Mount• Love and forgive from the heart• Love and forgive each other• God loves and forgives people
These teachings helped shape the values many people in Europe and America hold today
WHAT DID JESUS TEACH
Parables—stories that used events from everyday
life to express spiritual ideas.• Prodigal Son• Good Smaritan
WHAT IS THE CRUCIFIXION
Followers spoke of healing and miracles
Others rejected Jesus and called him a deceiver
Roman rulers feared Jesus and effects of his
teachings
WHAT IS THE CRUCIFIXION
Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover
—an important Jewish holiday• Jesus was arrested• Charged with treason (disloyalty)• Jesus was crucified—hanging from a cross until dead
WHAT IS THE CRUCIFIXION
Jesus’s followers reported Jesus was alive and risen from the dead.
Mary Magdalene was the first to report
Proof Jesus was the messiah
Resurrection—rising from the dead
This was the beginning of Christianity
THE FIRST CHRISTIANS
Jesus’s disciples spread the message of Jesus and
resurrection
Became known as Jesus Christ• Christo—Greek word for “Messiah”• Formed churches for worship and teaching
WHO WERE PETER AND PAUL
Apostles—early Christian leaders who had been
chosen by Jesus to spread the message
Simon Peter• Jewish fisher• One of the original 12 disciples• Went to Rome and set up a church
WHO WERE PETER AND PAUL
Paul of Tarsus• Well educated Jew and Roman citizen• First worked to stop the spread of Christian ideas• While traveling to Damascus, Paul saw a great light
and heard Jesus’s voice• Became a Christian on the spot and spread
Christianity for the rest of his life
WHAT DO CHRISTIANS BELIEVE
Salvation—be saved from sin and allowed to enter
heaven
After death would be resurrected and join God in
everlasting life
God existed in three persons• Father• Son• Holy Ghost• Became known as the “Trinity” –meaning three