The firs railway tunnel Project crossing the İstanbul strait was outlined in 1860

The Marmaray Project is the upgrading of approximately 76 km of commuter rail from Halkalı to Gebze.

Immersed Tube Tunnel

Bored Tunnel

Cut and Cover Tunnels

Control Centre

Stations

PURPOSE OF MARMARAY! To connect the railway system Asia and Europe To increase capacity, reliability, accessibility, punctuality and safety To reduce travel time and increase comfort To reduce air pollution and airborne traffic noise To reduce the number of cars in İstanbul

THE PLANNİNG PROCESS

• Feasibility study

• Project cost and outgoings

• Predict of passenger demand

• Passage Money

MARMARAY MUSEUM

At the Marmaray dredging study, many archeological find and sunken ships was discovered.

TECHNICAL INFORMATIONS

DREDGİNG AND DİSPOSAL

Because of the heavy weight of the Clamshell Dredger , they sink easily. The shell automatically closes when lifted from the seabed. In this way the material is lifted to the surface, the clamshell was unloaded on barges.

The picture shows a close-up of the clamshell itself

The Trailer Suction Hopper Dredger is pick up the soil in water. When the ship is full is goes to the dumping area and off-loads.

This picture shows an example of the intake "suction head" taking the material from the seabed when dredging with a TSHD.

THE IMMERSED TUBE TUNNEL

Total length: 1387m 8 number = 135m 2 number = 110m 1 number = 98,5m Total weight: 12-18 thousand tone Height: 8,75m Width: 15,5m

There are 2 docks to manufacture tubes in Tuzla. Steel tubes was produced as closed boxes.

Steel shells were moved in second station to finished the process.

The tubes were barged the field of immersion.

Barge was moored with rapes. The tubes on barge were immersed on excavation by the help of 4 winches.

BORED AND OTHER TUNNEL

The grey parts was built mainly by tunnel boring machines. The yellow parts was constructed cut and cover technique, New Austrian Tunneling method or other traditional methods.

Because of the tunnels don’t affect each other, between the

tunnels were spaced out. Shot connecting tunnels are provided

at frequent intervals so that escape to the parallel tunnel is

possible in an emergency.

The NATM integrates the principles of the behavior of rock masses under load and monitoring the performance of underground construction during construction.

5 TBM were used in this Project. 4 of them can be cementation in the same time.

RAILS

There are ballastless track inside the tunnels and there are

ballasted classic track outside the tunnels.

LVT (Low Vibration Track) blocks were used in tunnel in order to reduce vibration and noise.

STATIONS

All existing stations were renewed. The station length was

approximately 225 meters. Three new stations had the main concourse

underground and only entrances visible above ground.

Underground stations was built wide and large to provide comfortable

use.

THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Current velocity (11 km /h)

Heavy sheep traffic

Very soft and very hard rocks

Liquefaction in same place

Be close to fault line

Archaeological find

COSTS

Total cost of Project is 8 billion Turkish Liras.

UNKNOWN WORDS

Pillar

İmmersed Tube Tunnel

Bored Tunnel

Renew

Dock

Steel Stick

Steel Shell

Reinforcing Concrete

Rape

Excavation

Current Velocity

Slip

Sütun

Batırma Tüp Tünel

Delme Tünel

Yenilemek

Gemi Havuzu

Çelik Çubuk

Çelik zarf

Nervürlü Beton

Halat

Hafriyat

Akıntı Hızı

Kayma

Disposal

Dredging

Protection Layer

Vibration

Liquefaction

Soil

Joint

Waterproof

Leak

Ventilation

Cementation

Hardened Rail

Atık Giderimi

Su Altı Kazısı

Koruma Tabakası

Titreşim

Sıvılaşma

Zemin

Cıvata

Su İzolasyonu

Sızmak

Havalandırma

Çimentolama

Sertleştirilmiş Ray

• FATMA ÇINAR

• HANDE BURCU UÇAR

• BETÜL METE

THE END