The Filed of Communication1 Lesson Objectives (Focus Questions) Why study communication? How long has the field existed? How the field evolved over

The Filed of CommunicationThe Filed of Communication 11

Lesson Objectives Lesson Objectives (Focus Questions)(Focus Questions)

Why study Why study communication?communication?

How long has the field How long has the field existed?existed?

How the field evolved How the field evolved over time?over time?

How research How research conducted?conducted?

How to define?How to define? What process and What process and

skills?skills? What are “two levels” What are “two levels”

of meaning?of meaning? What careers?What careers?


What Mike Does in a Day…What Mike Does in a Day…

E-Mail vs. Communication in PersonE-Mail vs. Communication in Person Individual vs. TeamIndividual vs. Team Creating “Climate”Creating “Climate” Planning InterviewsPlanning Interviews Date (Relationship)Date (Relationship) Speech to a GroupSpeech to a Group


Importance of CommunicationImportance of Communication

We talk, listen, think, ask, answer, share We talk, listen, think, ask, answer, share ideas… So much communication in a day.ideas… So much communication in a day.

Personal LifePersonal Life Building Personal IdentityBuilding Personal Identity Promoting HealthPromoting Health

Personal RelationshipsPersonal Relationships MarriageMarriage Family, Parent-child, Friends,…Family, Parent-child, Friends,…


Importance of Communication Importance of Communication (2)(2)

Professional LifeProfessional Life Critical for Career Success (Talk & Listen)Critical for Career Success (Talk & Listen)

• Express Ideas, Giving & Gaining Support, Gaining Express Ideas, Giving & Gaining Support, Gaining CooperationCooperation

Civic LifeCivic Life For the the Health of SocietyFor the the Health of Society Required for DemocracyRequired for Democracy

• Expressing Ideas, Claiming, Presenting & Listen to Expressing Ideas, Claiming, Presenting & Listen to ArgumentArgument


History of the FieldHistory of the Field

Began more than 2500 yrs agoBegan more than 2500 yrs ago Rhetoric and Democratic LifeRhetoric and Democratic Life

Rhetoric born mid-400s B.C. on Isle of SyracuseRhetoric born mid-400s B.C. on Isle of Syracuse Ancient Philosophers-Plato, Aristotle & Isocrates: Ancient Philosophers-Plato, Aristotle & Isocrates:

• Rhetoric as Central to Civic LifeRhetoric as Central to Civic Life• Teaching Citizens: Analyze Listeners, Discover Ideas, Teaching Citizens: Analyze Listeners, Discover Ideas,

Organize Messages, Develop Proof, and Deliver SpeechesOrganize Messages, Develop Proof, and Deliver Speeches• Aristotle’s 3 Cornerstones of Persuasion: Ethos, Pathos, Aristotle’s 3 Cornerstones of Persuasion: Ethos, Pathos,

Logos (see p. 22)Logos (see p. 22) Ethos: speaker’s credibilityEthos: speaker’s credibility Pathos: listener’s emotionPathos: listener’s emotion Logos: proofs and reasoningLogos: proofs and reasoning


History of the Field History of the Field (2)(2)

Liberal EducationLiberal Education Public speaking taught in colleges (Europe & Public speaking taught in colleges (Europe &

U.S)U.S) Dewey: Progressive thinking and citizen Dewey: Progressive thinking and citizen

participationparticipation After WW I & IIAfter WW I & II

Social Issues: Prejudice, Propaganda, Social Issues: Prejudice, Propaganda, Attitude & Belief ChangesAttitude & Belief Changes


History of the Field History of the Field (3)(3)

Mid- 20Mid- 20thth Century Century Scientific, empirical research gaining Scientific, empirical research gaining

prominenceprominence Research & Professional GroupsResearch & Professional Groups

1960-701960-70 Civil Rights, Women’s Movement, Civil Rights, Women’s Movement,

Interpersonal CommunicationInterpersonal Communication Michel Foucault (French)Michel Foucault (French)

Ideas about “Power”Ideas about “Power”


Research in CommunicationResearch in Communication

Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research Descriptive Statistics, Survey, ExperimentDescriptive Statistics, Survey, Experiment

Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research Looking into meaning, function…Looking into meaning, function… Textual Analysis, Ethnography, Historical StudyTextual Analysis, Ethnography, Historical Study

Critical ResearchCritical Research Identify & Challenge Communication PracticesIdentify & Challenge Communication Practices To Advance Social AwarenessTo Advance Social Awareness


Defining CommunicationDefining Communication

Communication as “a systemic process in which Communication as “a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings”create and interpret meanings”

FeaturesFeatures Process: dynamic and ever-changingProcess: dynamic and ever-changing Systemic: interrelated parts, context, surroundingsSystemic: interrelated parts, context, surroundings Symbolic: abstract, arbitrary, ambiguous Symbolic: abstract, arbitrary, ambiguous

representationsrepresentations Meanings: created by symbols through interactionsMeanings: created by symbols through interactions

• Content level of meaningContent level of meaning• Relationship level of meaningRelationship level of meaning


Models of CommunicationModels of Communication

Linear Models (p. 23)Linear Models (p. 23) Laswell (1948): Who Says What in What Channel to Laswell (1948): Who Says What in What Channel to

Whom with What Effect?Whom with What Effect? Shannon & Weaver (1949): “Noise” introducedShannon & Weaver (1949): “Noise” introduced

Interactive Models (p. 24)Interactive Models (p. 24) Schramm (1955): “Feedback” addedSchramm (1955): “Feedback” added

Transactional Models (p. 25)Transactional Models (p. 25) Wood (1997): Non-sequential, simultaneous, Wood (1997): Non-sequential, simultaneous,

changing over timechanging over time


Breadth of the FieldBreadth of the Field

Intrapersonal Communication: Intrapersonal Communication: self-talk, “thinking”self-talk, “thinking”

Interpersonal Communication: Interpersonal Communication: between peoplebetween people

Performance StudiesPerformance Studies performing personal, professional, social identitiesperforming personal, professional, social identities

Group & Team Communication: Group & Team Communication: leadership, roles, group goals, cohesion (fantasy leadership, roles, group goals, cohesion (fantasy

themes)themes)


Breadth of the Field Breadth of the Field (2)(2)

Public Communication: Public Communication: speak to others, credibility, persuasionspeak to others, credibility, persuasion

Organizational Communication: Organizational Communication: leadership, commitment, decision making, leadership, commitment, decision making,

organizational cultureorganizational culture Mass CommunicationMass Communication

media, stereotypes media, stereotypes


Breadth of the Field Breadth of the Field (3)(3)

Technologies of CommunicationTechnologies of Communication human community, information & knowledgehuman community, information & knowledge

Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication meanings & culturesmeanings & cultures

Ethics and CommunicationEthics and Communication relationships, rights, moral principlesrelationships, rights, moral principles


Unifying Themes and Unifying Themes and Processes in the FieldProcesses in the Field

Unifying ThemesUnifying Themes Symbolic activitiesSymbolic activities MeaningMeaning EthicsEthics

Basic ProcessesBasic Processes Perceiving & UnderstandingPerceiving & Understanding Creating Interaction ClimatesCreating Interaction Climates Engaging in Verbal CommunicationEngaging in Verbal Communication Engaging in Non-verbal CommunicationEngaging in Non-verbal Communication Listening & RespondingListening & Responding Adapting to ContextsAdapting to Contexts


Careers in CommunicationCareers in Communication

ResearchResearch EducationEducation Mass CommunicationMass Communication Training & ConsultingTraining & Consulting Human Relations, Human Development & Human Relations, Human Development &

ManagementManagement

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The Filed of Communication1 Lesson Objectives (Focus Questions) Why study communication? How long has the field existed? How the field evolved over