Upload
nancy-floyd
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings
(Rome, 22 March 2012)
Maggiore Anna Bonifazi
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Phases:- Recruitment- Transportation- Reception/ Logistical support
Use of deception and threat:- False promise of legal work- Recruitment by someone known and trusted by victim- Use of psychological violence- Threats to family members in the country of origin- Subjugation of victims with magic rituals (e.g. Wodoo for Nigerian women)
Huge economic interests:- Phenomenon of multi-trafficking ( people, drugs, firearms, etc.)
Transnationalism Transnational crime in at least 2 state
Linguistic and cultural complexity- Need for cultural mediators, interpreters, psychologists, bilingual police force, priests, etc.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Law Beneficiaries Objective Content
Art. 18 D. lgs286/98
Both domestic and foreign victims of violence and severe exploitation
Assistance and social integration
Medium- term programme of assistance and permit of residence on humanitarian grounds
Art. 13 Law 228/03
Domestic and foreign victims of trafficking
Immediate assistance
Emergency programme of assistance
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Who are the victims?- Men- Women- Minors
Where are they from?- Eastern Europe- Africa- Asia- South America
What type of exploitation?- Labour exploitation- Sexual exploitation- Criminal activities/ street begging
What are the man features of human trafficking?- Organised- Transnational- Linked to other forms of international trafficking
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
A victim of trafficking:• does not recognise the context of trafficking;• believes in the trafficker’s ‘promises’;• Even if she has doubts, she deludes herself into believe that the exploitation will be short and she will
eventually regain her freedom;• If she has experienced physical or sexual violence, she feels guilty and uncomfortable;• She is worried about herself and her family;• She does not trust the police;• She is scared.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
A victim of trafficking:• might have been indoctrinated and intimidated by the trafficker;• might have been brainwashed;• might be confused;• might have an hostile attitude, might be angry, scared and distrustful;• might not be willing to doubt the ‘good will’ of her trafficker especially if she feels tied to him/her by some
sort of relationship;• might lie.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation NUOVA ERA (year 2005)
Italy 23 arrestsGreece (op. JINDA) 42 arrestsTurkey (op. YAYLA) 33 arrests
Criminal matrix Chinese
MAFIA ORGANISED CRIME:Counterfeiting of documents
Kidnapping
Enslavement
Trafficking in human beings
Labour Exploitation
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation TERRA PROMESSA (year 2006)
Italy 27 arrestsPoland 13 arrests
Criminal matrix: Polish
ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:
Trafficking in human beings
Enslavement
Labour Exploitation
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation VIOLA (year 2008 -2009)
1st phase - year 2008 Italy 19 arrestsNetherlands (op. Kollvis) 29 arrests1st phase - year 2009
(Italy, Nigeria, Turkey, Bulgary, Netherlands, Colombia)
35 arrests
Criminal matrix: Nigerian
NIGERIAN ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:
International trafficking of drugs
Enslavement and Child Trafficking
Sexual Exploitation
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri
Operation CARONTE (year 2009)
Italy 17 arrests
Criminal matrix: North - African
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:
Trafficking in human beings
Smuggling
Counterfeiting of Identity Documents