The Federal Style House

Just suppose we wanted to teach the following concept:

The Federal Style house is usually a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight, or entabulature.

The Federal Style House

Teaching The Concept of the Federal Style House: One Way

The Federal Style house is usually a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight, or entabulature.

The Federal Style House

What does this way of teaching demand of the learner?

Construct Relevant Construct Irrelevant

The Federal Style house is usually a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight, or entabulature.

The Federal Style House

For whom does this way of teaching it seem problematic?

The Concept of the Federal Style House: An alternate way

A Federal Style House

What does this way of teaching demand of the learner?

Construct Relevant Construct Irrelevant

For whom does this format seem problematic?

Construct Relevant Construct Irrelevant

A Framework for Thinking about What Learning Requires:

Universal Design for Learning

Multiple Representations

1) Cognitive OptionsActivate background knowledgeHighlight critical features, relationshipsScaffold information processing

Support memory and transfer2) Linguistic/Representational Options

Define symbols, vocabulary and labelsClarify syntax or structureTranslate language or cultural conventionsUse multiple representations to illuminate

concepts3) Perceptual Options

Provide within-modality amplificationsProvide cross-modality transformations

Common Disabilities in Curricula:

1) Cognitive Disabilities Effective only for students with specific background knowledge. Effective only for students who can recognize key features and

relationships in new information Effective only for students who have specific information processing strategies or media comprehension skills

Effective only for students who know how to apply mnemonic strategies or use external memory aids.

Common Disabilities in Curricula:

2) Linguistic and Representational Disabilities Effective only for students with specific vocabulary knowledgeEffective only for students who can understand specific syntactical

and structural relationsEffective only for students who can speak EnglishEffective only for students who can learn concepts easily throughlanguage

3) Sensory Disabilities Effective only for students with vision Effective only for students with hearing Effective only for students with excellent vision and hearing.

Principle One: Multiple Representations

1) Perceptual OptionsImages with verbal descriptionsText with Spoken EquivalentsSpeech with captions

2) Linguistic Options

3) Cognitive Options

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Perceptual Options: 1) Within-Modality Amplifications Examples: Vector Graphics for Images

Amplitude Modulation for sound Slow-motion for video

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Perceptual Options: 2) Cross-Modality Transformations Examples: Images with verbal equivalents

Spoken Equivalents for Text Captions for Speech

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight or an entablature.

Perceptual Options Examples: Verbal Descriptions for Images

Spoken Equivalents for Text Captions for Speech

Linguistic/Representational Options

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight, or entabulature.

Multiple Representations

1) Perceptual Options

2) Linguistic/Representational Options Define symbols, vocabulary and labels Clarify syntax or structure Translate language or cultural conventions Use multiple representations to illuminate

concepts 3) Cognitive Options

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight or an entablature.

2) Linguistic Options Examples: Definitions for vocabulary

Clarifications for syntax

Translations for English Multiple Representations

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight or an entablature.

2) Linguistic Options Examples: Definitions for vocabulary

Clarifications for syntax

Translations for English Multiple Representations

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight or an entabulature.

En EspanolIn English

2) Linguistic Options Examples: Definitions for vocabulary

Clarifications for syntax Translations for English

Multiple Representations

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight or an entabulature.

En EspanolIn English

2) Linguistic Options Examples: Definitions for vocabulary

Clarifications for syntax Translations for English

Multiple Representations

2) Linguistic/Representational Options Examples: Definitions for vocabulary

Clarifications for syntax Translations for English

Multiple Representations

The Federal Style house is most commonly a simple box, two or more rooms deep, with doors and windows arranged in strict symmetry. The box may be modified by projecting wings or attached dependencies. The stylistic focus is on the main entry -- a paneled door often framed by half or three-quarter length sidelights and thin pilasters or columns. The door is often crowned by a fanlight, or entabulature.

3) Cognitive Options: Examples: Activating background knowledge Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Scaffolding Information Processing

Supporting memory and transfer

Need more information?

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1800 |1810 |1820 |1830 |1840 |1850 |1860 |1870 |1880 |1890 |1900 |

1800 Georgian |

1810 Federal |

1825 Greek Revival |

1840 Victorian |

1855 Second Empire |

1880 Harvard Mills |

3) Cognitive Options: Example: Activating Background Knowledge

3) Cognitive Options: Examples: Activating background knowledge Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Scaffolding Information Processing

Supporting memory and transfer

3) Cognitive Options: Examples: Activating background knowledge Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Multiple Examples

Examples of Federal Style Buildings

Examples of Federal Style Buildings

Examples of Federal Style Buildings

Highlighting Critical Features: Examples and Non-Examples

Federal

Gothic

Highlighting Critical Features: Examples and Non-Examples

Greek Revival

Highlighting Critical Features: Examples and Non-Examples

Georgian

Federal

(Near)

3) Cognitive Options: Example: Highlighting Critical Features

3) Cognitive Options: Example: Highlighting Critical Features

Prominent End Chimneys

Low Hipped Roof

Fanlight Over Door

Symmetrical, Multi-pane windows

Look closely at the entrance:

Is there a fanlight over the door?

Are there small side panels or lites around the door?

3) Cognitive Options: Examples: Activating background knowledge Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Scaffolding Information Processing

Supporting memory and transfer

Look at the front façade around the door.

Is there a Palladian window in the center?

Are the windows arranged symmetrically?

,

3) Cognitive Options: Examples: Activating background knowledge Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Scaffolding Information Processing

Supporting memory and transfer

Look at the roofline.

Chimneys at both ends?

Low roof line?

Small Balustrade?

Does the overall building look symmetrical and balanced in appearance?

Federal Features

F anlight over front doorE nd ChimneysD entil Moldings E ven or symmetrical windowsR oof over front doorA Palladian WindowL ow Hipped roof

3) Cognitive Options: Examples: Activating background knowledge Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Scaffolding Information Processing

Supporting memory and transfer

3) Cognitive Options: Memory and Transfer Example: Judicious Review

3) Cognitive Options: Example: Judicious Review

But all these options are potentially overwhelming, a barrier in

themselves.

What to do?

Alt tags and Long Descriptions

Picture of a Federal Style house.

The image shows a single home setting on a large landscaped lawn and garden. The house is two stories tall and made of brick with a low pitched roof and four prominent chimneys placed at the ends of the roof. Overall there is a distinctively symmetrical arrangement of the building’s features. There is a central entrance with a fanlight over the door and small windows alongside. Two rows of evenly spaced multiple-pane windows with black shutters are arranged symmetrically around the entrance.

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Multiple Representations

Linked Representations

Vocabulary

Fanlight: A fanlight is a semicircular or semi-elliptical window over a doorway or another window. Federal homes often have fanlights.

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Vocabulary

Entablature: Entablature is the elaborate, multi-level beam that sits on top of the columns in classical architecture.

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Like much of America's architecture, the Federal (or Federalist) Like much of America's architecture, the Federal (or Federalist) style has its roots in England. Two British brothers named Adam style has its roots in England. Two British brothers named Adam adapted the pragmatic Georgian style, adding swags, garlands, urns, adapted the pragmatic Georgian style, adding swags, garlands, urns, and other delicate details. In the American colonies, homes and and other delicate details. In the American colonies, homes and public buildings also took on graceful airs. Inspired by the work of public buildings also took on graceful airs. Inspired by the work of the Adam brothers and also by the great temples of ancient Greece the Adam brothers and also by the great temples of ancient Greece and Rome, Americans began to build homes with Palladian and Rome, Americans began to build homes with Palladian windows, circular or elliptical windows, recessed wall arches, and windows, circular or elliptical windows, recessed wall arches, and oval-shaped rooms. This new Federal style became associated with oval-shaped rooms. This new Federal style became associated with America's evolving national identity.America's evolving national identity. Return

3) Cognitive Options: Example: Highlighting Critical Features

Highlighting Critical Features:

It's easy to confuse Federalist architecture with the earlier Georgian Colonial style. The difference is in the details: While Georgian homes are square and angular, a Federal style building is more likely to have curved lines and decorative flourishes. Federalist architecture was the favored style in the United States from about 1780 until the 1830s. However, Federalist details are often incorporated into modern American homes. Look past the vinyl siding, and you may see a fanlight or the elegant arch of a Palladian window.

Picture Descriptions (How to)

First, understand the purpose of the image

Second, start with a broad overview, the big picture

Third, focus on a few relevant details (see Purpose)

Fourth, describe relationships and comparisons

Fifth, leave interpretations to the observer.

Making a Picture Description

Cuadro de una casa federal del estilo. La imagen demuestra un solo hogar que fija en un césped y un jardín ajardinados grandes. La casa es dos historias altas y hechas de ladrillo con una azotea hipped baja y cuatro chimeneas prominentes colocadas en los extremos de la azotea. El guardapolvo allí es un arreglo muy simétrico de las características del edificio. Hay una entrada central con un fanlight sobre la puerta. Dos filas de las ventanas uniformemente espaciadas del mu'ltiple-cristal con los obturadores negros dominan la cara delantera.

2) Linguistic Options Example: Alternatives to English.

English

Fanlight over door

3) Cognitive Options:

Example: Activating background knowledge Providing alternative examples Highlighting Critical Features, Relationships Guiding exploration and examination Facilitating memory and transfer

Fanlight over door

Palladian Window

Fanlight over door

Palladian Window

Prominent End Chimneys