The Federal Agency for Railway Transport Emperor Alexander ... year...The Federal Agency for Railway Transport Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University St. Petersburg,

The Federal Agency for Railway Transport

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University

St. Petersburg, Russia

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования

«Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения

Императора Александра I»

International scientific conference

«Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology» (TGG-2017)

May 15th —19th, 2017

Международная научно-техническая конференция

«Транспортная геотехника и геоэкология» (TGG-2017)

15 - 19 мая 2017 года

St. Petersburg

Санкт-Петербург

2017

Транспортная геотехника и геоэкология: материалы Международной научно-

технической конференции «Транспортная геотехника и геоэкология» (TGG-2017)

(Санкт-Петербург, 15–17 мая 2017 года) / под ред. А.В. Петряева, А.А. Конон. – СПб.:

ФГБОУ ВО ПГУПС, 2017.

Международная научно-техническая конференция «Транспортная геотехника и

геоэкология» посвящена доктору технических наук, министру путей сообщения

Александру Васильевичу Ливеровскому. В докладах и сообщениях конференции

представлены обширные результаты исследований, лучшие практики и опыт в области

транспортной геотехники и геоэкологии.

Материалы сборника рассчитаны на специалистов в области транспортного и

гражданского строительства, подземного строительства, инженеров-геотехников,

экологов, ученых, преподавателей, аспирантов.

Table of contents

Содержание

Conference Programme ........................................................................................................................... 4

Программа конференции .................................................................................................................... 10

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg state transport university. Buildings scheme .................................... 16

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения императора Александра I.

Схема корпусов ................................................................................................................................... 16

Committees ............................................................................................................................................ 17

Организационный комитет ................................................................................................................. 19

Keynote Lectures ................................................................................................................................... 21

Session 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 28

Session 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 33

Session 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 37

Session 4 ................................................................................................................................................ 41

Session 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 45

Session 6 ................................................................................................................................................ 49

Session 7 ................................................................................................................................................ 52

Session 9 ................................................................................................................................................ 56

Session 10 .............................................................................................................................................. 59

Session 11 .............................................................................................................................................. 65

Session 12 .............................................................................................................................................. 71

Session 13 .............................................................................................................................................. 74

Session 14 .............................................................................................................................................. 78

Session 15 .............................................................................................................................................. 82

Session 16 .............................................................................................................................................. 88

Session 17 .............................................................................................................................................. 92

Session 18 .............................................................................................................................................. 98

Session 19 ............................................................................................................................................ 103

Session 20 ............................................................................................................................................ 108

Session 21 ............................................................................................................................................ 112

Conference Programme

15-16 Мay 2017

a short course "THE PRESSUREMETER AND FOUNDATION DESIGN",

by Jean-Louis Briaud, Anna Shidlovskaya and Anna Timchenko

in collaboration with RSSMGFE - Russian Society for Soil Mechanics, Geotechnics and

Foundation Engineering (Vyacheslav Ilyichev), GC “Georeconstruction” (Alexei Shashkin)

Monday 15 May 2017 – 09:00 to 13:00

1. Why is the pressuremeter giving an edge to the foundation engineer?

2. Description of the equipment

3. Calibration and saturation of the equipment

4. Preparing the borehole

5. Performing the test (long static pressure to simulate long-term loading or rapid inflation for

impact loading or cyclic loading to replicate repetitions of load)

6. Comparison between Russian standard and ASTM standard (USA)

7. Demonstration of the test

Monday 15 May 2017 – 14:00 to 17:30

8. Data reduction

9. Soil parameters (modulus and strength)

10. Comparison between the PMT parameters and other soil parameters

11. Shallow foundations

Tuesday 16 May 2017 – 09:00 to 12:30

12. Vertically loaded piles

13. Horizontally loaded piles

14. Retaining walls

15. Soil Improvement

16. International and Russian experience on pressuremeter testing

17. Future of PMT in Russia

18. Advantages and disadvantages

Dr. Briaud, Dr. Shidlovskaya and Dr. Timchenko will be available Tuesday afternoon for free

consulting on pressuremeter and geotechnical projects.

17 May 2017

08:30-10:00 Registration

10:00-10:15 Opening Ceremony (Chair – A. Petriaev,

Assembly hall)

10:15-11:50 Keynote Lectures : S. Kudryavtsev, S. Akagawa, V. Kondratiev

(Chair – A. Petriaev, Assembly hall)

11:50-12:45 Lunch

12:45-15:00 Keynote Lectures : E. Tutumluer, Meng Xianglian, J. Zornberg, A.

Gomes Correia (Chair – J.-L. Briaud, Assembly hall)

15:00-18:30 Bus trip to Peterhof

18:30-21:00 Welcome Cocktail

Keynote Lectures

Prof. Sergey A. Kudryavtsev, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

"Development of transport geotechnics of the Far East"

Prof. Satoshi Akagawa, Cryosphere Engineering Laboratory, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

"Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Track"

Prof. Valentin G. Kondratiev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia

"Main Geotechnical Problems of Railways and Roads in Kriolitozone and Their Solutions"

Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,

USA

"Granular Layer Stiffness Enhancement Provided by Geogrid-Aggregate Interlock"

Meng Xianglian, China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., China

"Key Technologies of Survey and Design for Plateau Permafrost Railway"

Prof. Jorge G. Zornberg, Immediate Past-President of International Geosynthetics Society

(IGS), University of Texas at Austin, USA

"Functions and Applications of Geosynthetics in Roadways"

Prof. Antonio Gomes Correia, Immediate past Chair of the TC202, University of Minho,

Portugal

"Analysis of Nonlinear Soil Modelling in the Subgrade and Rail Track Responses under HST"

18 May 2017

9:00-11:15 Keynote Lectures : I. Vaniček, J.-L. Briaud, A. Zhussupbekov, J. Liu

(Chair – A. Gomes Correia,

Assembly hall)

Prof. Ivan Vaniček, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009-2013, Chech Technical

University, Prague, Chech Republic

"Application of Large Volume Waste for Earth Structures of Transport Engineering"

Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, President of the ISSMGE 2009-2013, Texas A&M University, USA

"High Speed Trains Geotechnics"

Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan

"Pile Foundations of Megaprojects: New Railway Station and LRT in Problematical Soil

Ground of Astana"

Prof. Jiankun Liu, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China

"Thermal-mechanical Properties of Fiber-reinforced Soil under Multiple Freeze-Thaw

Сycles"

11:15-12:15 Lunch

12:15-14:00 Session 1

Assembly hall

Problems of noise

and vibration

Chair - Wojciech

Gosk

Niyazi Özgür

Bezgin,

Krzysztof Robert

Czech,

Ivan S. Kozlov,

Hudsadin

Sirithepmontree,

Marina Butorina,

Gao Qian,

Nikolai I. Ivanov

Session 2

Conference

Hall (7-227)

Use of geosynthetics

in railroad

construction

Chair - Jorge G.

Zornberg

Mike Horton,

Erol Güler,

Andrei V. Petriaev,

Andrei V. Petriaev,

Zikmund Rakowski,

Sakdirat Kaewunruen,

Yevgeniy V.

Fedorenko

Session 3

room 3-221

Geoecoprotective

materials, structures

and technologies for

transportation

Chair –

Ivan Vaniček

Serdar Dindar,

Antonina S.

Sakharova, Lyudmila

L. Maslennikova,

Maria V. Shershneva,

Larisa B. Svatovskaya,

Marina M.

Baidarashvili,

Natalia N. Babak

14:00-14:15 Coffee Break

14:15-16:00 Session 4

Assembly hall

Problems of noise

and vibration

Chair - Sakdirat

Kaewunruen

Alexey A.Loktev,

Lidiya V. Ryzhova,

Saidburkhon

Session 5

Conference

Hall (7-227)


in road construction

Chair - Zikmund

Rakowski Valerii I. Shtykov,

Vladimir P. Beltiukov,

Session 6

room 3-221

Geoecoprotective



transportation

Chair - Larisa B.

Svatovskaya Larisa B. Svatovskaya,

T.Djabbarov,

Vladimir V.

Egorov,

Krzysztof Robert

Czech,

Evgeniy P. Dudkin

Xin Peng,

Ankita Kumar,

Marcin Grygierek,

Leoš Horníček

Lyudmila L.

Maslennikova,

Maria V. Shershneva,

Larisa B. Svatovskaya,

Marina M.

Baydarashvili

Marina M.

Baydarashvili


16:15-17:45 Session 7

Assembly hall

Soil dynamics

Chair - Pavel V.

Ivanov

K. Zabielska-

Adamska,

Pavel V. Ivanov,

Alexey F.Kolos,

Anatoly I.

Kistanov,

Petr L.

Klemyatsionok

Session 8

Conference

Hall (7-227)

Chair - Jorge G.

Zornberg

International

Geosynthetics Society

Meeting

Session 9

room 3-221

Geoecoprotective



transportation

Chair - Antonina S.

Sakharova Tatiana A.

Menukhova,

Larisa B. Svatovskaya

Anastasia M. Sychova

Anastasia M. Sychova

Leonid N.Skipin

18:00-20:00 Dinner (Oak hall 1-230)

19 May 2017

9:00-10:45 Session 10

Assembly hall

Problems of

railway ballast and

ballastless track

upper structure

Chair – Erol

Tutumluer

Alexey F. Kolos,

Alexey F. Kolos,

Alexander R.

Abrashitov,

Gennadiy L.

Akkerman,

Aleksander V.

Savin,

Andrey V.

Moshenzhal,

Ludmila S. Blazhko,

Valery V.

Kondratov,

Evgeniy S.Ashpiz

Session 11

Conference

Hall (7-227)

Geotechnical

problems in cold

regions

Chair - Tatsuya

Ishikawa

Vladimir I. Moiseev,

Yuri V. Trofimenko,

Go Hirose,

Takuto Inoue,

Vladimir M. Ulitsky,

Andrei S.Loktev,

Vladimir N.

Paramonov,

Akira Mori

Session 12

room 3-221

Transport facilities

influence on

underground

structures

Chair – Anton A.

Sokornov

Giovanni Caloni,

Andrey V. Benin,

Rashid A.

Mangushev,

A.N. Perminov,

Yuri A. Nikitin


11:00-12:45 Session 13

Assembly hall

Stability of slopes

Chair - Alexey F.

Kolos

Daria D. Shubina,

Jurić Kaćunić,

Tamila S. Titova,

Talal Awwad,

Valentin V.

Vinogradov,

Andrey A.

Ponomarev,

Igor K. Fomenko,

Andrey V. Bagin

Session 14

Conference

Hall (7-227)


in road construction

Chair - Erol Güler

Sunil Kimar Ahirwar,

Yebeltal Zerie Beju ,

Gleb V. Solovyev,

Akram H. Abd,

Maria J. Sulewska,

Lidia Sarah

Calvarano

Session 15

room 3-221

Problems of

underground

construction in

complex

geotechnical

conditions

Chair – Dmitry A.

Soloviev

Bo Liu,

Ji-Lei Hu,

Tatiana V. Ivanes,

Alexander P.Lediаev,

P.L. Ng,

Yyri S.Frolov,

Yyri S.Frolov,

Andrei A. Ananev

12:45-13:45 Lunch

13:45-15:15 Session 16

Assembly hall

Pavement problems

caused by the

natural influences

and due to repeated

cars passages

Chair - Jnanendra

Nath Mandal

Dai Yu-Chen,

Maria A.

Lyubarskaya,

Dulal Chandra Saha,

Tatyana I. Boykova,

Tatyana I. Boykova

V.V. Garbaruk

Session 17

Conference

Hall (7-227)

Soil field testing

Chair – Stefano

Utili

Wei Duan,

Wojciech Gosk,

Poranic Jitareekul,

Łukasz Aleksander

Kumor,

Geophysics

Stefano Utili,

Alexander A.

Baryakh,

Viktor V. Pupatenko

Session 18

room 3-221

Geotechnical

monitoring

Chair – Askar

Zhussupbekov

Lorenzo Magni,

Andrei A. Belyi,

Lorenzo Magni,

Mikhail Y. Bryn,

Nikolay V. Kanashin,

Mikhail Y. Bryn,

Murat G. Mustafin,

Dmitry V.Beregovoi


15:30-17:00 Session 19

Assembly hall

Interaction of soil

and engineering

structures

Chair – Jiankun

Liu

Sergei V. Kvashuk,

Gennadiy M.

Stoyanovich,

Deng Yongfeng,

Session 20

Conference

Hall (7-227)

Techniques of earth

foundation

strengthening

Chair – Anastasia

A. Konon

Mehdi Mirzababaei,

Liu Song-Yu,

Yuan Cheng,

Session 21

room 3-221

Geotechnical

modelling

Chair – Vladimir N.

Paramonov

Sergei I. Alekseev,

Anton A. Kuzin,

Vera A. Alpysova

Design and

Vladimir N.

Smirnov,

Dmitry Serebryakov,

N.A. Perminov,

Mirva Gega

Viktor V. Ganchits,

Kristina S.

Malchevskaya,

M.V.Shah

construction of

transport facilities

Maria E. Nikulina,

M. G. Ryumin,

Dmitry V.

Serebryakov,

Evgeniy P. Dudkin,

Evgeniy P. Dudkin


17:15-18:00 Closing Ceremony (Chair – A. Petriaev,

Assembly hall)

18:00-20:00 River cruise "St. Petersburg Rivers and Canals"

Программа конференции

15-16 мая 2017 года

семинар "ПРЕССИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ

ФУНДАМЕНТОВ"

Ведущие семинара - профессор Жан-Луи Брийо, Анна Валерьевна Шидловская и Анна

Андреевна Тимченко

(Горный университет). Семинар организован при поддержке РОМГГиФ и В.А.

Ильичева, ЗАО "Геореконструкция" и А.Г. Шашкина.

Понедельник 15 мая 2017 года – 09:00 - 13:00

1. Какие преимущества для инженера-геотехника даёт прессиометр?

2. Описание оборудования.

3. Калибровка и подготовка оборудования.

4. Подготовка скважины

5. Проведение испытания (длительное статическое давление для моделирования

длительно действующей нагрузки, быстрое испытание для моделирования

краткосрочной нагрузки, циклическое нагружение для моделирования многократно

прикладываемой нагрузки)

6. Сравнение российских стандартов и стандартов ASTM (США)

7. Показательное испытание

Понедельник 15 мая 2017 года –14:00 - 17:30

8. Обработка результатов

9. Характеристики грунтов

10. Сравнение характеристик, полученных после прессиометрического испытания, и

других свойств грунтов

11. Фундаменты мелкого заложения

Вторник 16 мая 2017 года – 09:00 - 12:30 12. Vertically loaded piles

13. Сваи, воспринимающие вертикальную нагрузку

14. Подпорные стены

15. Улучшение свойств грунтов

16. Международный и российский опыт прессиометрических испытаний

17. Будущее прессиометрических испытаний в России

18. Преимущества и недостатки

Во вторник 16 мая с 14.00 Ж.-Л. Брийо, А.В. Шидловская и А.А. Тимченко проведут

консультацию по прессиометрическим испытаниям и геотехническим проектам.

17 мая 2017 года

08:30-10:00 Регистрация

10:00-10:15 Церемония открытия (председатель – А.В. Петряев, Актовый

зал)

10:15-11:50 Ключевые лекции : С.А. Кудрявцев, С. Акагава, В.Г. Кондратьев

(председатель – А.В. Петряев, Актовый зал)

11:50-12:45 Обед

12:45-15:00 Ключевые лекции : Э. Тутумлуэр, М. Сянглян, Й. Зорнберг, А.

Гомес Коррейа (председатель – Ж.-Л. Брийо, Актовый зал)

15:00-18:30 Автобусная экскурсия в Петергоф

18:30-21:00 Приём ректора

Ключевые лекции

Проф. Сергей Анатольевич Кудрявцев, Дальневосточный государственный

университет путей сообщения, Хабаровск, Россия

"Развитие транспортной геотехники на Дальнем Востоке"

Проф. Сатоши Акагава, Лаборатория инжиниринга криосферы, Токио, Япония

"Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Track"

Проф. Валентин Георгиевич Кондратьев, Забайкальский государственный университет,

Чита, Россия

"Основные геотехнические проблемы железных и автомобильных дорог в

криолитозоне и их решения"

Проф. Эрол Тутумлуэр, председатель TC202, ISSMGE, Университет Иллинойса,

Урбана-Шампэйн, США

"Повышение жесткости зернистого слоя путем армирования георешетками"

Менг Сянглян, Первый железнодорожный изыскательский и проектный институт,

Китай

"Ключевые технология изысканий и проектирования железных дорог на вечномерзлом

плоскогорье"

Проф. Хорхе Г. Зорнберг, Университет Техаса, Остин, США

"Функции и области применения геосинтетических материалов в строительстве дорог"

Проф. Антонио Гомес Коррейа, Университет Минью, Португалия

"Анализ применения нелинейных моделей грунта для оценки динамических

характеристик земляного полотна и верхнего строения пути при высокоскоростном

движении"


9:00-11:15 Ключевые лекции : И. Ваничек, Ж.-Л. Брийо, А. Жусупбеков, Ц.-

К. Лиу

Проф. Иван Ваничек, Чешский технический университет, Прага, Чехия

"Применение больших объемов отходов в грунтовых сооружениях для транспортного

строительства"

Проф. Жан-Луи Брийо, Университет Техаса, США

"Геотехника для высокоскоростного движения поездов"

Проф. Аскар Жусупбеков, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева,

Астана, Казахстан

"Свайные основания для крупных проектов: новая железнодорожная станция и

легкорельсовая железная дорога на сложном грунтовом основании в г.Астана"

Проф. Цианкун Лю, Пекинский университет, Пекин, Китай

"Термомеханические свойства фиброармированного грунта в условиях многократного

замораживания и оттаивания"

11:15-12:15 Обед

12:15-14:00 Секция 1

Актовый зал

Проблемы шума

и вибрации

Председатель –

Войцех Госк

Н.О. Безгин,

К.Р. Чех,

И.С. Козлов,

Х.

Сиритепмонтри,

М. В. Буторина,

Гао Киан,

Н.И. Иванов

Секция 2

Конференц-зал

(ауд. 7-227)

Применение

геосинтетических

материалов в

железнодорожном

строительстве


Хорхе Г. Зорнберг

M. Хортон,

Э. Гюлер,

А.В. Петряев

З. Раковски

С. Каевунруен

Е.В. Федоренко

Секция 3

ауд. 3-221

Геоэкозащит-ные

материалы,

конструкции и

технологии для

транспорта


Иван Ваничек

С. Диндар,

А.С. Сахарова,

Л.Л.

Масленникова,

М.В. Шершнева,

Л.Б. Сватовская,

М.М.

Байдарашвили,

Н.Н. Бабак

14:00-14:15 Кофе-брейк

14:15-16:00 Секция 4


Проблемы шума

и вибрации


Сакдират

Каевунруен А.А.

Локтев

Л.В. Рыжова

С.Т. Джаббаров

В.В. Егоров

К.Р. Чех

Е.П. Дудкин

Секция 5


(ауд. 7-227)




дорожном



Зикмунд Раковски

В.И. Штыков,

В.П. Бельтюков,

Син Пенг,

А. Кумар,

М. Григерек,

Л. Хорничек

Секция 6


материалы,





Л.Б. Сватовская


Л.Л.

Масленникова,

М.В. Шершнева,


М.М.

Байдарашвили,

М.М.

Байдарашвили


16:15-17:45 Секция 7


Динамика

грунтов


П.В. Иванов

К. Забельска-

Адамска,

П.В. Иванов,

А.Ф. Колос,

А.И. Кистанов,

П.Л. Клемяционок

Секция 8


(ауд. 7-227)


Хорхе Г. Зорнберг

Встреча

Международного

общества


материалов

Секция 9

ауд.3-221


материалы,





А.С. Сахарова

Т.А. Менухова,


А.М. Сычева,

А.М. Сычева,

Л.Н. Скипин

18:00-20:00 Торжественный ужин


9:00-10:45 Секция 10


Проблемы

балластного и

безбалластного

верхнего строения

пути


Эрол Тутумлуэр

А.Ф. Колос,

А.Ф. Колос,

А.Р. Абрашитов,

Г.Л. Аккерман,

А.В. Савин,

А.В. Мошенжал,

Л.С. Блажко,

В. В. Кондратов,

Е.С. Ашпиз

Секция 11


(ауд. 7-227)

Геотехнические

проблемы

холодных

регионов


Татсуя Ишикава

В.И. Моисеев,

Ю.В. Трофименко,

Г. Хиросе,

Т. Иноуэ,

В.М. Улицкий,

А.С. Локтев,

В.Н. Парамонов

А. Мори

Секция 12

ауд.3-221

Влияние

транспортных

объектов на

подземные

сооружения


А.А. Сокорнов

Д. Калони,

А.В. Бенин,

Р.А. Мангушев,

А.Н. Перминов,

Ю.А. Никитин


11:00-12:45 Секция 13


Устойчивость

откосов и склонов


А.Ф. Колос

Д.Д. Шубина,

Ю. Качунич,

Т.С. Титова,

Секция 14


(ауд. 7-227)




дорожном



Секция 15

ауд.3-221

Проблемы

подземного

строительства в

сложных

геотехнических

условиях


Т. Аввад,

В.В. Виноградов,

А.А. Пономарев,

И.К. Фоменко,

А.В. Багин

Эрол Гюлер С.К. Ахирвар,

Й.З. Бежу,

Г.В. Соловьев,

А.А. Абд,

М. Сулевска,

Л.С. Калварано

Д.А. Соловьев Б. Лю

Дж.-Л. Ху

Т.В. Иванес

А.П. Ледяев

П.Л. Нг

Ю.С. Фролов

Ю.С. Фролов

А.А. Ананьев

12:45-13:45 Обед

13:45-15:15 Секция 16


Проблемы

покрытий


Дж.Н. Мандал

Д. Ю-Чен,

М.А. Любарская,

Д.Ч. Саха,

Т.И. Бойкова,

Т.И. Бойкова,

В.В. Гарбарук

Секция 17


(ауд. 7-227)

Полевые

испытания

свойств грунтов

Председатель – С.

Утили

У. Дуан,

В. Госк,

П. Джитарикул,

Л.А. Кумор,

Геофизика

С. Утили,

А.А. Барях,

В.В. Пупатенко

Секция 18

ауд.3-221

Геотехнический

мониторинг

Председатель – А.

Жусупбеков

Л. Маньи,

А. А. Белый,

Л. Маньи,

М.Я. Брынь,

Н.В. Канашин,

М.Я. Брынь,

М.Г. Мустафин,

Д.В. Береговой


15:30-17:00 Секция 19


Взаимодействие

грунтов и

искусственных

сооружений


Ц.К. Лю

С.В. Квашук,

Г.М. Стоянович,

Д. Йонгфенг,

В.Н. Смирнов,

Д.В. Серебряков,

Н.А. Перминов,

М. Гега

Секция 20


(ауд. 7-227)

Стабилизация

грунтовых

оснований


А.А. Конон

М. Мирзабабаэй,

Л. Сонг-Ю,

Ю. Ченг,

В.В. Ганчиц,

К. Мальчевская,

М.В. Шах

Секция 21

ауд. 3-221

Геотехническое

моделирование


В.Н. Парамонов

С.И. Алексеев

А.А. Кузин

В.А. Алпысова

Проектирование и

строительство

транспортных

объектов

М.Е. Никулина

М.Г. Рюмин

Д.В. Серебряков

Е.П. Дудкин

Е.П. Дудкин


17:15-18:00 Церемония закрытия (председатель – А.В. Петряев, Актовый

зал)

18:00-20:00 Речной круиз «Реки и каналы Санкт-Петербурга»

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg state transport university. Buildings scheme

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения императора Александра I. Схема корпусов

Committees

Honorary Chair

Dr. Alexander Y. Panychev, rector of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport

University

Conference Chair Dr. Andrei V. Petriaev, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St.

Petersburg State Transport University

International Committee Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,

USA


Portugal


Prof. Vladimir N. Paramonov, Petersburg State Transport University, Russia

Prof. Genadiy M. Stoyanovich, Far-east State University of Railway Engineering, Khabarovsk,

Russia

Prof. Alexander L. Isakov, Siberian State University of Railway Engineering, Novosibirsk,

Russia

Prof. Devendra Narain Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India


Prof. Cristina F. Silva, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG,

Brazil


Prof. Valentin G. Kondratjev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia

Prof. Gökhan Baykal, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bogazici

University, Istanbul, Turkey

Prof. José Neves, University of Lisbon, Portugal

Prof. Buddhima Indaratna, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong

City, Australia

Prof. Luljeta Bozo, Polis University Tirana, Albania

Prof. Chandrakant Desai, University of Arisona, USA

Prof. Tatsuya Ishikawa, Hokkaido University, Japan

Prof. Ivan Vanicek, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009-2013, Chech

Technical University, Prague, Chech Republic

Simon Dumais, President of permafrost young researches network, (PYRN), University Laval,

Canada

Prof. Mike Winter,Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), Edinburgh, University of

Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom



Prof. Repeng Chen, Human University, China

Prof. Jiangu Qian, Tongji University, China

Prof. Andreas Loizos, National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Pavement

Engineering, Greece

Prof. Viktor V. Pupatenko, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

Prof. Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska, General Secretary of the Polish Committee of

Geotechnics, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

Prof. Evgeny S. Ashpiz, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia

Dr. Andrey A. Zaitsev, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia

http://www.pgups.ru/en/sveden/employees/panychev-aleksandr-yurevich




http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479716305436

Prof. Eun Chul Shin, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon,

Republic of Korea


Prof. Dimitrios Zekkos, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of

Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Prof. Abdelmalek (Malek) Bouazza, Chair ISSMGE TC215 Environmental Geotechnics,

Monash University, Australia

Prof. Castorina Silva Vieira, University of Porto, Portugal

Editorial Committee Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan

Prof. Zhaohui Yang, University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA

Prof. Yuzuru Ito, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Science and

Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan

Prof. Feng Zhang, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of

Technology, China / University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA

Dr. Mehdi Mirzababaei, School of Engineering and Technology, CQUniversity, Australia

Dr. Dali Naidu Arnepalli, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Local Committee Prof. Tamila S. Titova, "Technological and Ecological Safety" department, Emperor Alexander

I St. Petersburg State Transport University (Co-chair)

Dr. Alexey F. Kolos, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg

State Transport University (Co-chair)

Prof. Larisa B. Svatovskaya, “Engineering chemistry and natural science”

department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (Co-chair)

Prof. Alexander P. Lediaev, “Tunnels and underground railways” department, Emperor

Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (Co-chair)

Sergey V. Soloviev, First Deputy of Director General of JSC «RZDstroy»

Gennadiy N. Talashkin, “Railway Constructors Inter-regional Association”, Union of railway

construction

Valentin O. Ivanov, “Sevzapupravtodor” (regional department of Federal Road Agency)

Prof. Vladimir M. Ulitsky, "Bases and Foundations" department, Emperor Alexander I St.


Prof. Mariya V. Shershneva, “Engineering Chemistry and Natural Science”

department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University

Prof. Marina M. Baidarashvili, “Engineering chemistry and natural science”

department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University

Dr. Vladimir N. Kavkazskiy, “Tunnels and underground railways” department, Emperor

Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University

Dr. Viktoria A. Chernyaeva, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St.


Dr. Anastasia A. Konon, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St.


Dr. Antonina S. Sakharova, “Engineering chemistry and natural science” department, Emperor

Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University

Viktor V. Ganchits, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg

State Transport University

Организационный комитет

Почетный председатель: Александр Юрьевич Панычев, к.э.н., ректор Петербургского государственного

университета путей сообщения Императора Александра I

Председатель конференции: Андрей Владимирович Петряев, к.т.н., кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного

комплекса", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора

Александра I

Организационный комитет

Международный комитет: Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,

USA


Portugal


Prof. Vladimir N. Paramonov, Petersburg State Transport University, Russia

Prof. Genadiy M. Stoyanovich, Far-east State University of Railway Engineering, Khabarovsk,

Russia

Prof. Alexander L. Isakov, Siberian State University of Railway Engineering, Novosibirsk,

Russia

Prof. Devendra Narain Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India


Prof. Cristina F. Silva, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG,

Brazil


Prof. Valentin G. Kondratjev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia

Prof. Gökhan Baykal, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bogazici

University, Istanbul, Turkey

Prof. José Neves, University of Lisbon, Portugal

Prof. Buddhima Indaratna, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong

City, Australia

Prof. Andreas Loizos, National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Pavement

Engineering, Greece

Prof. Luljeta Bozo, Polis University Tirana, Albania

Prof. Chandrakant Desai, University of Arisona, USA

Prof. Tatsuya Ishikawa, Hokkaido University, Japan

Prof. Ivan Vanicek, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009-2013, Chech

Technical University Prague, Chech Republic

Simon Dumais, President of permafrost young researches network, (PYRN), University Laval,

Canada

Prof. Mike Winter,Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), Edinburgh, University of

Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom



Prof. Repeng Chen, Human University, China

Prof. Jiangu Qian, Tongji University, China

Prof. Viktor V. Pupatenko, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

Prof. Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska, General Secretary of the Polish Committee of

Geotechnics, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

Prof. Evgeny S. Ashpiz, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia

Dr. Andrey A. Zaitsev, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia

Prof. Eun Chul Shin, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon,

Republic of Korea


Prof. Dimitrios Zekkos, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of

Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Prof. Abdelmalek (Malek) Bouazza, Chair ISSMGE TC215 Environmental Geotechnics,

Monash University, Australia

Prof. Castorina Silva Vieira, University of Porto, Portugal

Редакционный комитет: Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan

Prof. Zhaohui Yang, University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA

Prof. Yuzuru Ito, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Science and

Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan

Prof. Feng Zhang, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of

Technology, China / University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA

Dr. Mehdi Mirzababaei, School of Engineering and Technology, CQUniversity, Australia

Dr. Dali Naidu Arnepalli, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Местный комитет: Тамила Семеновна Титова, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра «Техносферная и экологическая

безопасность», Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения

Императора Александра I (Сопредседатель)

Алексей Федорович Колос, к.т.н., доцент, кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного


Александра I (Сопредседатель)

Лариса Борисовна Сватовская, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра "Инженерная химия и

естествознание", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения

Императора Александра I (Сопредседатель)

Александр Петрович Ледяев, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра "Тоннели и метрополитены",

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I

(Сопредседатель)

Владимир Михайлович Улицкий, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра "Основания и

фундаменты", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора


Анастасия Андреевна Конон, к.т.н., кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного


Александра I (секретарь конференции)

Виктория Андреевна Черняева, к.т.н., кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного



Виктор Всеволодович Ганчиц, кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного



Антонина Сергеевна Сахарова, к.т.н., кафедра "Инженерная химия и естествознание",

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I

http://www.pgups.ru/struct/kafedra_tekhnosfernaya_i_ekologicheskaya_bezopasnost/

http://www.pgups.ru/struct/kafedra_tekhnosfernaya_i_ekologicheskaya_bezopasnost/

Keynote Lectures

Embankment on permafrost Eastern polygon of Baikal-Amur Mainline

Насыпи на вечномерзлых грунтах Восточного полигона Байкало-Амурской

магистрали

Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Alexei V.Kazharsky, Elena D. Goncharova, Zhanna I. Kotenko, Danil

O. Grigoriev

The investigation of freezing and thawing processes of metal foundations ground of

pipelines

Исследование процесса замораживания и оттаивания оснований трубопроводов

Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Vyacheslav S. Kovshun , Aleksandra D. Mut

Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Tracks

Морозное пучение на железных дорогах с балластным верхним строением пути

Satoshi Akagawaa , Michiaki Hori

b, Jyun Sugawara

c

aCryosphere Engineering Laboratory, 3-2153-146 Motohachioji Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0826,

Japan bHokkaido Railway Campany, Sapporo, Japan

cIHI Corporation, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Main geotechnical problems of railways and roads in kriolitozone and their solutions

Основные геотехнические проблемы железных и автомобильных дорог в

криолитозоне и их решения

Valentin G. Kondratiev

Zabaykalsky State University, 30, Alexandro-Zavodskaya, Chita, 672039, Russia

Key Technologies of Survey and Design for Plateau Permafrost Railway

Ключевые технология изысканий и проектирования железных дорог на

вечномерзлом плоскогорье

Meng Xianglian

China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043 China

Functions and applications of geosynthetics in roadways

Функции и области применения геосинтетических материалов в строительстве дорог

Jorge G. Zornberg

Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of

Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1700, Austin, Texas, 78712-0273, USA

Trends in track substructure of high speed railways

Верхнее строение железнодорожного пути при высокоскоростном движении

Antonio Gomes Correia

ISISE, School of Engineering of University of Minho, Portugal

Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics

Геотехника для транспорта и защиты окружающей среды

Ivan Vaníčeka, Daniel Jirásko

a , Martin Vaníček

b

aCzech Technical University in Prague, FCE, Thakurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic

bGeosyntetika Ltd., Nikoly Tesly 3, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic

High Speed Trains Geotechnics: What Is a Tolerable Bump?

Геотехника при высокоскоростном движении

Jean-Louis Briauda, Somayeh R. Tafti

b

aDistinguished Professor, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,USA, 77843-3136; e-

mail: [email protected] bPhD Candidate, Texas A&M University, College Station,Texas,USA, 77843-3136;e-

mail:[email protected]

Pile foundations of mega projects: new railway station and LRT in problematical soil

ground of Astana

Свайные основания для крупных проектов: новая железнодорожная станция и

легкорельсовая железная дорога на сложном грунтовом основании в г.Астана

Askar Zhussupbekova, Abdulla Omarov

a, Gyulnara Zhukenova

a, Gulzhanat Tanyrbergenova

a

aEurasian National University, 2, Satpayev Street, Astana, 0100008, Kazakhstan

Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Triaxial Strength Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Clayey

Soil

Термомеханические свойства фиброармированного грунта в условиях

многократного замораживания и оттаивания

Jiankun Liu, Muge Elif Orakoglu

School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University

Embankment on permafrost Eastern polygon of Baikal-Amur Mainline

Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Alexei V.Kazharsky, Elena D. Goncharova, Zhanna I. Kotenko, Danil

O. Grigoriev

Far Eastern State Transport University, 47 Seryshev St,.Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia,

E-mail: [email protected]

The paper considers modelling of effective structures of existing railroad embankments in

several variants when projecting side tracks on the Baikal-Amur Mainline of the “Russian

Railway”, PLC. The comparison of different factors affecting the temperature fluctuation in the

roadway on a partially thawed permafrost subgrade was carried out by the numerical modeling in

a non-stationary setting. Quite a number of rational designs for railway embankments, bridges

and pipes located in the permafrost areas are developed according to the methods and design-

basis justification that are created during a reconstruction of the Eastern Polygon on the Baikal-

Amur Mainline.

Keywords: Permafrost, freezing, thawing , numerical simulation, embankment

The investigation of freezing and thawing processes of metal foundations ground of pipelines

Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Vyacheslav S. Kovshun , Aleksandra D. Mut

Far Eastern State Transport University, 47 Seryshev St,.Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia


The paper considers the definition of the freezing and thawing indices of soils in settlements

along the route of the oil pipeline "Kuyumba-Taishet-Kozmino", estimated geocryological

conditions, determine the depth of soil freezing and frost heaving force with the help of

numerical simulation and developed measures for their elimination. In areas with seasonally

freezing soils accepted measures to eliminate frost heaving forces and in areas with permafrost

are used seasonally cooling devices.

Keywords: Metal foundations, permafrost, seasonally-freezing soil, numerical simulation, helical

piles

Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Tracks

Satoshi Akagawaa , Michiaki Hori

b, Jyun Sugawara

c

aCryosphere Engineering Laboratory, 3-2153-146 Motohachioji Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0826,

Japan bHokkaido Railway Campany, Sapporo, Japan

cIHI Corporation, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan


Frost heave is a well-known phenomenon in cold regions. It may happen in the wet clayey

ground during winter in seasonally frozen regions and during autumn to winter in active layers in

permafrost regions. The railway track upheaval, which happens in cold regions, is generally

understood as due to frost heaving in subgrade layers. However, it has been confirmed that the

upheaval due to frost heaving sometimes happens in the ballast layers. This understanding has

been acquired by observing active railway tracks in northern Japan. Samples have been collected

from ballast and subgrade layers and have been examined their frost heave susceptibilities along

with mineral compositions with X-ray diffraction analysis. The results confirmed that fine

materials in the ballast layers consist of clayey minerals and crushed rock-forming minerals of

ballast. Those fine minerals have confirmed to be frost heave susceptible with frost heave tests.

A series of frost heave tests has conducted using crushed rock and fine material, i.e. Kaolinite,

mixture and confirmed that the mixtures frost heave. The frost heave susceptibility of the

mixture is almost proportional to the saturation ratio of the fine materials in its voids, even if the

voids of the crushed rock are not saturated with fine materials. This has been understood that

initially crushed rocks support the overburden and the fine materials in voids does not have to

support overburden. Then the high heave ratio is expected in the fine materials until the voids are

filled with fine materials and ice lenses. After the voids are filled with the fine materials and ice

lenses, segregating ice lens starts to push up the overburden, 1.e. ballast layer, and cause

macroscopic upheaval due to frost heaving.

Keywords: ballast railway track; confinement; fine materials; frost heave

Main geotechnical problems of railways and roads in kriolitozone and their solutions

Valentin G. Kondratiev

Zabaykalsky State University, 30, Alexandro-Zavodskaya, Chita, 672039, Russia


In Transbaikal and in the adjacent territories including China for the last 20 years was activated

the building of railroad and highways. Experience of development anti-deformation measures for

the Russian and Chinese railroads and highways with utilization active methods of strengthening

of the railway embankment on ice-rich permafrost is illuminated. New technical solutions anti-

frost heaving devices for contact-line and airline supports on permafrost and a deep seasonal

freezing of the soils, providing decrease of forces of a regulation seasonally-thawed soils with a

lateral area of a support and reduction of their power and humidity are defined also at

simultaneous magnifying of pinching down action of the transmission tower footing by upheaval

of a roofing of permafrost by means of the taken out a patent for modes; experience of design

and the installation new anti-frost heaving devices is featured at renovation of an overhead

contact system Transbaikal railroad.

Keywords: permafrost, railroad, highway, embankment, thaw settlement, stabilizing treatment

measures, contact-line and airline supports,anti-frost heaving devices.

Key Technologies of Survey and Design for Plateau Permafrost Railway

Meng Xianglian

China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043 China


Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as “the world’s third polar”. Engineering construction on this

plateau is confronted with three challenges, namely “years of permafrost, fragile ecology,

extreme cold and oxygen deficit”. Qinghai-Tibet Railway features as high altitude and the

longest section passing years of permafrost area, which is therefore regarded as an ambitious

century project. In this paper, based on the years of research on Qinghai-Tibet railway

permafrost and survey & design practices as well as the deep analysis of Qinghai-Tibet plateau

permafrost characteristics, the author considers the factors of poor thermal stability, great

difference in ice content and complex hot melt influence in high altitude permafrost, and

specially proposes the prime geological survey engineering and essential solving problems in

fields of subgrade, bridge and culvert, tunnel. Targeted on the major technical issues of

permafrost in Qinghai-Tibet railway, the author elaborates key points as the determination of

permafrost table, permafrost type survey and average earth temperature testing method and

technologies. The idea of “initiative reducing the temperature, cooling the subgrade and

protecting the permafrost” is exhibited during the overall design process. The paper thus

accordingly concludes the key technologies of permafrost subgrade, bridge and culvert, tunnel

engineering in aspects of surveying and designing. 11 years’ operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

proves overall stable and qualified status of the permafrost engineering.

Keywords: Qinghai-Tibet Railway; Permafrost; Permafrost Engineering Survey; Permafrost

Engineering Design; Key Technologies

Functions and applications of geosynthetics in roadways

mailto:[email protected]

Jorge G. Zornberg

Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of

Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1700, Austin, Texas, 78712-0273, USA


Geosynthetics have been successfully used to fulfill a number of functions that contribute

significantly to the good performance of roadways. They include the functions of separation,

filtration, reinforcement, stiffening, drainage, barrier, and protection. One or more of these

multiple functions have been used in at least six important roadway applications. The

applications include the migration of reflective cracking in asphalt overlays, separation,

stabilization of road bases, stabilization of road soft subgrades, and lateral drainage. This paper

illustrates the mechanisms as well as key advances in each one of these multiple applications.

Keywords: Type your keywords here, separated by semicolons

Trends in track substructure of high speed railway

Antonio Gomes Correia

ISISE, School of Engineering of University of Minho, Portugal


Performance of track substructure is largely controlled by the properties and thicknesses of sub-

ballast and subgrade-embankment which determine the track ability to adequately withstand the

various combination of different actions. This paper start with a literature survey highlighting the

importance of track substructure system in the global track response based in field and numerical

data. From this review several layer systems solutions are discussed and emphasis will be

oriented for the constituent geomaterials and properties. In line with the performance-based

design, new geomaterials and advanced construction technologies will be presented, as well as

enhanced test methods necessary to evaluate the conformity with design requirements.

Keywords: high speed railway, sub-ballast, soil subgrade, embankment, construction

Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics

Ivan Vaníčeka, Daniel Jirásko

a , Martin Vaníček

b

aCzech Technical University in Prague, FCE, Thakurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic

bGeosyntetika Ltd., Nikoly Tesly 3, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic


The Environmental Geotechnics as well Transportation Geotechnics are getting a great attention

during last few decades. It is given by new demands for Transport Infrastructure generally, as

well by greater attention to the environment protection. The paper is focused on the intersection

of these two main points, particularly on the possibility to use large volumes of the different

waste materials or byproducts for the earth structures of transport infrastructures as railways,

motorways or airfields. Therefore not only mechanical - physical properties of these materials, as

is e.g. ash, slag or construction and demolition waste, will be mentioned, but also the potential

impact of their leakage on the surrounding environments. Potential contamination from the

vehicles leak will be discussed as well. The final conclusion is specifying the conditions under

which different waste and by-products can be applied in Transport Infrastructure.

Keywords: transportation geotechnics, environmental geotechnics, earth structures, waste

utilization, impact of leachate

High Speed Trains Geotechnics: What Is a Tolerable Bump?

Jean-Louis Briauda, Somayeh R. Tafti

b

aDistinguished Professor, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,USA, 77843-3136; e-

mail: [email protected]

bPhD Candidate, Texas A&M University, College Station,Texas,USA, 77843-3136;e-

mail:[email protected]

The problem of the bump at the transition between the embankment and the bridge is an

important concern for railways and highways. These bumps can lead to a rough riding surface

which creates discomfort at high speed and high maintenance costs. The current study addresses

the problem for High Speed Trains (HST). One reason for the development of a bump is the

difference in stiffness between the compacted soil embankment and the bridge typically resting

on deep foundations. A 4-D finite element model, developed in LS-DYNA, was used to simulate

the effect of this difference in stiffness at the transition between the embankment and the bridge.

The modulus of the embankment is varied from 5 MPa for a very soft embankment to 120 MPa

for a very stiff embankment. The bridge is considered to be rigid by comparison. This study will

show that the dynamic amplification factor, DAF, defined as the ratio of the maximum dynamic

rail/wheel impact force to the static load on the wheel, changes dramatically with the

embankment modulus and train speeds.

Keywords: bump; transition; HST; 4-D finite element model; DAF

Pile foundations of mega projects: new railway station and LRT in problematical soil ground of

Astana

Askar Zhussupbekova, Abdulla Omarov

a, Gyulnara Zhukenova

a, Gulzhanat Tanyrbergenova

a

aEurasian National University, 2, Satpayev Street, Astana, 0100008, Kazakhstan


The article considers the project a new railway station on problematical soils of Astana, as well

as light rail LRT Project. This article includes a summary of dynamic and static tests of driven

and bored piles. Also, it is given the methodology for determining the bearing capacity of piles.

As an example of these methods, the results of the dynamic, static and new PDA (Pile Dynamic

Analyzer) test of teamwork and piles of soil carried out on the construction site “The new

railway station in Astana” and Project light railway LRT (Light Railway Transport) planned to

build in time for the World Expo in Astana EXPO-2017. This paper presented a short description

of changes to the concept of Kazakhstan pile foundation design and to use PDA and DLT and

SLT pile load tests. By georadar survey was funded the areas which reported a hard rock at a

depth of 16 meters and other soil layers.

Keywords: bearing capacity, pile foundation, LRT, PDA, SLT, DLT

Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Triaxial Strength Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Clayey Soil

Jiankun Liu, Muge Elif Orakoglu

School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University

Understanding effect of freezing phenomenon in a fiber-reinforced soil structure is essential to

foundation technology, road construction and earthwork application in cold region. This research

aims to present the results of experimental investigation relative to the unconsolidated-undrained

triaxial compression behavior of fine-grained soil as a function of freeze-thaw cycles and fiber

volume fractions. All measurements were carried out for 3 selected glass and basalt fiber

fractions (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and 5 selected freeze-thaw cycles (0, 2, 5, 10, and 15). It has been

observed that for the studied soil, strength of unreinforced soil reduced with increasing number

of the freeze-thaw cycles while fiber-reinforced soil shows greater effect and the strength

reduction amount reduces from 40% to 18%. Moreover, the reduction trend for cohesion of the

fiber-reinforced soil decreased, this was seen more prevalent on 1% glass fiber-reinforced soil.

The resilient modulus of all specimens reduced with increasing number of the freezethaw cycles.

The experimental results demonstrated that different fiber fractions and their mixtures could be

employed as supplement additive to improve the freeze-thaw performance of cohesive soils for

road construction and earthworks.

Keywords: freeze-thaw, fiber-reinforced soil

Session 1

18 May 2017 12:15-14:00

Problems of noise and vibration

Development of a new and an explicit analytical equation that estimates the vertical impact

loads of a moving train

Вывод нового уравнения для оценки вертикальной нагрузки движущегося поезда

Niyazi Özgür Bezgin

Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Measurement of surface vibration accelerations propagated in the environment

Измерение виброускорений на поверхности, распространяющихся в окружающей

среде

Krzysztof Robert Czech, Wojciech Gosk

Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland

On vibrodynamic impact on the roadbed

О вибродинамическом воздействии на железнодорожное земляное полотно

Ivan S. Kozlov, Svetlana A. Rostovtseva

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Mikhail I. Shmulevich

PROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, Moscow, Russia

Dynamic soil models for backcalculation of material properties from falling weight

deflectometer deflection data

Динамические модели грунта для обратных вычислений свойств грунта по данным

дефлектометра падающего груза (FWD, УДН)

Hudsadin Sirithepmontree, Yasothorn Sapsathiarn

Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand

Reduction of vibroacoustic effect of high-speed trains

Снижение виброакустического воздействия высокоскоростных поездов

Marina V. Butorina, N. Minina

Institute Transecoproekt, St. Petersburg, Russia

P. Ivanov

Institute Stroyproekt, St. Petersburg, Russia

A. Petriaev

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Dynamic Stress Responses of Rough Pavement Resting on Layered Poroelastic Half-Space

under Moving Traffic Load

Динамические напряжения в грубошероховатом покрытии, лежащем на слоистом

пороупругом полупространстве, под движущейся транспортной нагрузкой

Gao Qian, Qian Jiangu, Gu Xiaoqiang

Tongji University, Shanghai, China

The problem of high-speed railway noise prediction and reduction

Проблема прогнозирования и снижения шума от высокоскоростных магистралей

Ivanov N.I., Boiko I.S., Shashurin A.E.

Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg,

Russia

Development of a new and an explicit analytical equation that estimates the vertical dynamic

impact loads of a moving train

Dr. Niyazi Özgür Bezgin

Istanbul University, Civil Engineering Department, Avcılar Campus, 34320, Istanbul

Tel.: +90.533.663.9755. E-mail: [email protected]

One can only estimate the dynamic vertical impact loads under motion, since there are many

effective parameters some of which are unrepresented in an equation and since the values of the

considered parameters are not deterministic but estimations. Many empirical and semi-empirical

equations in the literature correlate dynamic impact loads to train speed and measurable aspects

of train and track components. These aspects frequently relate to track and train geometry and

track stiffness. However, the development of these equations relies on load and deflection

measurements from particular in-service tracks or especially set-up test tracks. The constants that

frequently appear in these equations are particular to the conditions that generated them.

Therefore, one lacks an explicit understanding of these equations unless one takes the time to

investigate in detail the particular study and the particular set of data that generated these

equations. Train speed limits also bound the applicability of these equations. This paper

concentrates on the development of an explicit mathematical equation aimed to provide an

explicit analytical estimate for the dynamic impact loads that develop on any railway track by the

axles of a moving train. This paper introduces the concept of impact reduction factor and

introduces a new equation that relies on the principle of conservation of energy and kinematic

principles along with the impact reduction factor to estimate the impact loads generated by a

moving train. The introduced equation analytically relates the dynamic impact load factor to

train speed, track stiffness and vertical irregularity development along the track horizontal

alignment.

Keywords: Train speed; track stiffness; track deformation; impact reduction factor; dynamic

impact load factor; dynamic impact load.

Measurement of surface vibration accelerations propagated in the environment

Krzysztof Robert Czech , Wojciech Gosk

Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wiejska

45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland

Tel.: +48-604-662-660. E-mail: [email protected]

The paper presents the analysis of the influence of the method of accelerometers attachment to

the ground on the recorded level of vibration acceleration. Measurements of vibrations were

conducted using two types of accelerometers with various weights and measuring accuracy.

Accelerometers were mounted to the ground in four different methods using various mounting

bases anchored in the ground with one, three and four rods. The vibrations were generated using

Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) and recorded in longitudinal, transversal and

vertical directions at the distance of 5 and 10 m from the source of vibrations. Measurements of

vibration accelerations were carried out using 32-channel and 24-bit mobile data acquisition

system - SIEMENS LMS SCADAS Recorder, as well as a set of 18 low-frequency, seismic

piezoelectric accelerometers type 8340, manufactured by Brüel&Kjær, and two triaxial, high

sensitivity accelerometers type TLD356B18 manufactured by PCB Piezotronics. The

comparative analysis of Peak Particle Accelerations (PPA) has demonstrated that the method of

attaching of accelerometers to the ground is crucial for the credibility of measurements. The best

way of attaching transducers to the ground was shown in the paper. The resulting values of

vibration acceleration may constitute a basis for a reliable analysis of vibration in the subsoil,

which is particularly important in terms of the credibility of assessment of the impact of physical

pollution in a form of vibrations propagated in the environment on the newly designed buildings

and their future users.

Keywords: surface vibrations, subsoil, propagation of vibration, accelerometers

On vibrodynamic impact on the roadbed

Ivan S. Kozlov , Svetlana A. Rostovtseva, Mikhail I. Shmulevich

Department of Construction of road transport complex, Emperor Alexander I State Transport

University (PGUPS),190031 Moscovskiy pr., 9, St. Petersburg, Russia

Foreign language Department, Emperor Alexander I State Transport University

(PGUPS),190031 Moscovskiy pr., 9, St. Petersburg, Russia

PROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia

Tel.: +7(952)2039324; 8 - (812) 407-43-40. E-mail: [email protected]

The article presents the results of investigation of intermediate rail faste nings influence on

vibrodynamic impact transferred to roadbed soils.

Comparative analysis of oscillations in different types of fastenings revealed varying efficiency

level of TB (terminal bolted) and ARF (anchor rail fastening).

At the section, having ARF fastenings, dependencies standing for the change of an amplitude

value at the increase of passenger train speed, are a straight line; whereas at the sections with TB

fastenings dependencies for passenger trains travelling at a speed exceeding 160 km/h cease to

be straight.

The change of the level of vibrodynamic impact transferred to the roadbed soil result from both

design features of fastenings and changing stiffness of shock absorbing cushions.

Keywords: TB and ARF intermediate rail fastenings, vibrodynamic impact on the roadbed,

stiffness of shock absorbing cushions

Dynamic soil models for backcalculation of material properties from falling weight

deflectometer deflection data

Hudsadin Sirithepmontree, Yasothorn Sapsathiarn

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol

University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand

Tel.: +66-2889-2138 ext. 6396-7; fax: +66-2889-2138 ext. 6388. E-mail:

[email protected]

Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test is one of the most widely used methods for in-situ

nondestructive evaluation of pavement/soil properties and examination of the structural

condition of in-service pavements. A dynamic half-space model is employed in the present work

for backcalculation of engineering soil properties from the FWD data. The advantages,

limitations and the reliability of the backcalculation elastic moduli evaluated from dynamic soil

model are discussed in this paper. Selected numerical results are presented to portray the

influence of governing parameters, for example, the presence of shallow stiff layer and the mass

density of soil material on dynamic backcalculation of the soil elastic modulus. The investigation

presented in this study provides a better understanding of dynamic backcalculation processes

which is essential for the development of dynamic backcalculation program and its applications.

Keywords: Dynamic backcalculation; nondestructive test; material properties; falling weight

deflectometer; dynamic soil models

Reduction of vibroacoustic effect of high-speed trains

M. Butorina，N. Minina, P. Ivanov，A. Petryaev

Institute Transecoproekt, Novoroschinskaya ulitsa 4 A, 196084, St. Petersburg, Russia

Institute Stroyproekt, Dunaisky Prospekt 13/2A, 196158,St. Petersburg, Russia,, e-mail:

[email protected]

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky Prospekt 9, 190031,

St. Petersburg, Russia, [email protected]

E-mail: mbutorina@transecoproject, [email protected], [email protected]

Increase of train speeds induces increased levels of vibration and structural noise in residential

areas. The experimental plots were laid with different types of vibration isolation at the ballast

base. It is shown that the polyurethane ballast mats are 1.9 times more effective than two layers

of geocomposite and 1.5 times more effective than the porous rubber mats. Application of ballast

mats significantly reduces vibration and noise in buildings near the railways.

Keywords: under ballast mats, damping, structure-borne noise, vibration

Dynamic Stress Responses of Rough Pavement Resting on Layered Poroelastic Half-Space

under Moving Traffic Load

Gao Qian, Qian Jiangu, Gu Xiaoqiang

Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

Tel.: +86-21-65986901; fax: +86-21-65985210. E-mail: [email protected]

To investigate the influence of pavement roughness on the dynamic stresses under traffic

vehicles, a pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half-space is studied. The shape of

pavement roughness is treated as a sine function of irregularity while the vehicle is modeled as a

quarter-vehicle vibration system with two degrees of freedom (DOF). Based on the Biot’s

dynamic poroelastic theory, the time domain solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic half-

space are obtained by Fourier transforms and inverse Fourier transforms. The time domain

solutions of the layered poroelastic half-space are then presented using the transfer-matrix

method. By regarding the top layer as a thin-plate and using the Kirchhoff’s hypotheses, the

vertical displacement and stress of the thin plate are calculated. The time domain solutions of the

rigid pavement-layered poroelastic ground system are obtained based on the compatibility

condition at the interface of the pavement-ground system. The dynamic effects of the load

velocity, the wave length and the thickness of the plate are discussed, respectively. It is found

that the roughness of the top plate significantly affects the dynamic stress response in the

poroelastic layers when the vehicle velocity is below a critical value. In addition, the dynamic

impact coefficient depends on the wave length of the roughness as well as the amplitude. The

dynamic stress response caused by the roughness of pavement is evident and different from the

dynamic stress response caused by vehicle weight. This study is intended to provide potential

guidance for the design of a rigid pavement system.

Keywords: rigid pavement, roughness, layered poroelastic half-space, moving vehicle load,

dynamic stress response

The problem of high-speed railway noise prediction and reduction

Ivanov N.I., Boiko I.S., Shashurin A.E.

Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, 1-st

Krasnoarmeyskaya, St. Petersburg 190005, Russia


In view of the rapid high-speed railway transport development in the world, the question of

ecological safety of the people living in the areas adjacent to transport infrastructure networks,

including physical factors compliance, becomes crucial. The article introduces problems of high-

speed railway noise control and prediction (with train speed from 250 to 400 km\h), calculation

methods for determining high-speed train noise characteristics; comparison of the calculation

and experimental results is made. The article describes main ways of high-speed train noise

reduction, in the noise source in particular, such as installing small local noise barriers and

aerodynamic streamlining of the rolling stock and its separate elements (pantograph, etc.),

implemented in China, Japan, France, German, South Korea and other countries. The article also

considers efficiency of the main practically applied noise mitigation measures.

Keywords: high-speed train, noise prediction, noise mitigation measures.

Session 2

18 May 2017 12:15-14:00

Use of geosynthetics in railroad construction

Rail trackbed and performance testing of stabilised sub-ballast in normal and high-speed

environments

Исследование работы стабилизированного подбалластного слоя в условиях

обычного и высокоскоростного движения поездов

M Hortona, D P Connolly

b and Z Yu

b

a Tensar Internatioal Ltd, Shadworth Business Park, Blaskburn BB1 2QX , UK

bHeriot-Watt University,Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK


Evaluation of the Geosynthetic Reinforcement on Railroad Subgrade

Исследование армирования железнодорожного земляного полотна

геосинтетическими материалами

Erol Güler, Samad Kazemi Khosrowshahi

Bogazici University, Department of Civil Engineering , Istanbul, Turkey

Performance of ballast layer reinforced with geosynthetics in terms of heavy axle load

operation

Работа балластного слоя, армированного георешетками, в условиях движения

поездов с повышенными осевыми нагрузками

Andrei Petriaev, Anastasia Konon, Vyacheslav Solovyov

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS)

Stress Response Analyses Of Ballasted Rail Tracks, Reinforced By Geosynthetics

Исследование напряжений в балласте, армированном геосинтетическими

материалами

Andrei Petriaev

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia

An attempt of the synthesis of recent knowledge about mechanisms involved in

stabilization function of geogrids in infrastructure constructions

Обзор сведений о механизмах стабилизации грунтов георешетками в

инфраструктурных сооружениях

Zikmund Rakowski

Cesky Tesin, Czech Republic

Vibration attenuation at rail joints through under sleeper pads

Распространение вибрации в подшпальном пространстве рельсовых стыков

Sakdirat Kaewunruenа, Akira Aikawa

b, Alex M Remennikov

c

аThe University of Birmingham, 52 Pritchatts Road, Birmingham, B152TT, UK

bRailway Technical Research Institute, Hikari-cho, Kokubunji, Tokyo, 185-8540, Japan

cUniversiy of Wollongong, Northfield Ave., Wollongong, NSW, 2502, Australia

Numerical simulation of station tracks on soft soils

Численное моделирование станционных путей на слабых грунтах

Ye. V. Fedorenko а, T.S. Vavrinyuk

а, D.Ye. Yerchenko

а, A.I. Kovalsky

b

аMiakom LLC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Medikov 5, Russia

bLengiprotransput JSC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Fontanki nab 117, Russia

Rail trackbed and performance testing of stabilised sub-ballast in normal and high-speed

environments

M Hortona, D P Connolly

b and Z Yu

b

a Tensar Internatioal Ltd, Shadworth Business Park, Blaskburn BB1 2QX , UK

bHeriot-Watt University,Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK


The ability of geogrids to preserve track alignment within a high-speed rail environment at close

to critical velocity is somewhat uncertain; testing in a controlled environment can be

problematic. This paper presents the results from a new ‘true triaxial’ test apparatus that

overcomes some of these problems.

In ‘normal’-speed rail environments, geogrids have been used for many years to stabilise and

enhance the performance of sub-ballast to maintain both vertical and horizontal alignment and

increase the interval between maintenance events. This has been reflected in controlled testing

conducted in both the laboratory, in the field and under heavy loading.

To look at this issue for high-speed rail and to make comparisons between track alignment

preservation in normal and high-speed environments, a new ‘true triaxial’ test apparatus

(GeoTT) has been developed at Heriot Watt University that can subject railway sub-ballast to

forces in all 6 directions, mimicking the principle stress rotation that has been implicated in track

alignment deterioration subjected to high speed train traffic.

The use of this apparatus, where the rams are programmed using force-time histories developed

from 3D finite element models, allows sub-ballast performance to be evaluated for the fraction of

the time and cost that would be necessary for full scale testing. A comparison is made between

existing testing results from ‘normal-speed’ testing and the new high speed simulations that

indicate the continued potential for geogrids to continue to aid track performance in much more

critical environments.

Keywords: Rail; high speed;sub-ballast;true-traixial;stress rotation; stabilisation, geogrid

Evaluation of the Geosynthetic Reinforcement on Railroad Subgrade

Erol Güler, Samad Kazemi Khosrowshahi

Bogazici University, Department of Civil Engineering , Istanbul-Bebek 34342, Turkey

Tel.: +90-212-359-6452-6406-6423; fax: +90-212-287-2457


In recent decades the use of high speed trains increased and it is necessary to consider the

demand of High Speed Rail Lines (HSRL) on the infrastructure. Comparing with the

conventional rail lines, HSRL can potentially cause greater vibrations which can impact the

ballast and foundation layers negatively. This paper aims to investigate how a geosynthetic

reinforcement layer may affect the fundamental properties of the railroad subgrade such as the

static and cyclic shear strength, sub-ballast layer thickness, and vibration properties. Conducting

an experimental program, the shear strengths of the various unreinforced and reinforced soil

samples were determined by use of the Simple Shear Test and then, a certain percent of the shear

strengths were used as the cyclic loads in the Cyclic Simple Shear Tests. It is shown that the

inclusion of geosynthetic in sub-ballast layer improves its strength properties. The results

approve that the reinforced layers by geosynthetics have more resistance against static and cyclic

loads. It is also observed that the reinforcement has a remarkable effect on the reduction of

settlement. The results also reveal that the reinforced samples by G1 and G2 have higher cyclic

shear strength while G3 is more effective under static loads but has no remarkable influence

under cyclic loads. As a result it can be said that the cyclic behavior cannot be modelled by just

conducting a static test.

Keywords: high speed rail, sub-ballast, soil reinforcement, geosynthetics

Performance of ballast layer reinforced with geosynthetics in terms of heavy axle load operation

Andrei Petriaev, Anastasia Konon, Vyacheslav Solovyov

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.

Petersburg, 190031, Russia


Nowadays requirements for strength and stability of railway subgrade are increased. It is due to

raising of train speed and axle load. Some sections of subgrade that were previously considered

stable do not satisfy safety requirements. In this regard, superstructure reinforcing solutions need

to be developed.

This paper highlights ballast and subgrade reinforcement applications of geogrids in railway

infrastructure. In recent years, geosynthetics are widely used for this purpose. Geosynthetics

influence on the stress-strain state of subgrade is an important and extremely urgent problem.

The paper describes recent research efforts in field studies, which helped to identify

geosynthetics reinforcement influence on ballast layer.

Keywords: heavy axle load trains , geosynthetics, ballast, geogrids, railway track.

Stress Response Analyses Of Ballasted Rail Tracks, Reinforced By Geosynthetics

Andrei Petriaev




This paper highlights recent field studies at Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport

University, which helped quantify the geosynthetics reinforcement performance in railway

ballast. For this purpose, the laboratory of engineering-geological surveys was used to create

calibrated load on the railway track. The experimental results indicate that the geosynthetics

inclusions have improved track stability directly after it repairs and track doesn't change their

properties during the time.

Keywords: geosynsethics, ballast deformation, railway track, geogrids, axis load.

An attempt of the synthesis of recent knowledge about mechanisms involved in stabilization

function of geogrids in infrastructure constructions

Zikmund Rakowski

Bezručova 10, Cesky Tesin,73701, Czech Republic


Geogrids are involved in stabilization projects worldwide for around three decades already. The

function has been called for quite a long time as the reinforcement of subbase, base or ballast

according to the application. Only recent observations both from laboratories and field prove

that it is not the strength which is the factor controlling this function but that certain stiffening

of granular material by interlocking is the most important one. The paper describes the

mechanism of stabilisation function of geogrids and defines basic influencing properties. The

impact of such an approach on theoretical studies and practical applications is described.

Keywords: geogrids, stabilisation function, granular material, interlocking

Vibration attenuation at rail joints through under sleeper pads

Sakdirat Kaewunruenа, Akira Aikawa

b, Alex M Remennikov

c

аThe University of Birmingham, 52 Pritchatts Road, Birmingham, B152TT, UK

bRailway Technical Research Institute, Hikari-cho, Kokubunji, Tokyo, 185-8540, Japan

cUniversiy of Wollongong, Northfield Ave., Wollongong, NSW, 2502, Australia

Tel.: +44 (0) 1214 142 670; fax: +44 (0) 121 414 3675. E-mail: [email protected]

Modern railway tracks require electrification to power the trains and signaling systems to detect

near real-time location of trains on railway networks. Such systems require the rail to carry and

return the residual electricity back to substation, while enable signals to transfer within a track

circuit. This track circuit requires rail joints to divide and insulate each loop of the circuit. Such

the rail joints often generate impact transient dynamics to track systems. This paper presents the

filed investigation into the vibration attenuation characteristic of under sleeper pads (USPs),

which are the component installed under the concrete sleepers generally to improve railway track

resilience. The field trial is aimed at mitigating rail joint impacts in a heavy haul track under

mixed traffics. ‘Big Data’, obtained from both the track inspection vehicle and the sensors

installed on tracks, demonstrate that track surface quality (top) of the section was improved after

the track reconstruction. Fourier analysis results showed that the track surface (or vertical

deviation) tends to deform at larger displacement amplitude and resonates at a lower wavelength

of track roughness. Interestingly, the operational pass-by vibration measurements show that the

USPs has resulted in an increased vibration of both rail and sleeper with USPs. Although the

studies have found that the sleepers with USPs tend to have lesser flexures, the field data also

confirms that a railway track with USPs could experience a large amplitude vibration, especially

when excited by a high-frequency impact force. These dynamic behaviours imply that the use of

soft to moderate USP could potentially induce dilation of ballast whilst the use of hard USP may

reduce sleeper-ballast friction. In the end, these could then weaken lateral track stability over

time.

Keywords: vibration attenuation; rail joints; under sleeper pads; track components; railway

infrastructure; impact dynamics, suppression; lateral track stability; ballast dilation

Numerical simulation of station tracks on soft soils

Ye. V. Fedorenko , T.S. Vavrinyuk, D.Ye. Yerchenko, A.I. Kovalsky

Miakom LLC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Medikov 5, Russia

Lengiprotransput JSC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Fontanki nab 117, Russia

Tel.: +7-921-952-58-09. E-mail: [email protected]

The article presents the results of computing simulation of station tracks on soft soils represented

by post-glacial clay sediments. As stabilizing measures, the article considers the dumping of a

pilot berm with the determination of the holding time for each layer according to the criterion of

the stability factor and base strengthening with a high-strength woven geotextile. An analysis has

been conducted with respect to laboratory and field tests, the parameters have been selected for

soil models, and virtual laboratory tests have been performed with a view to verify the

repeatability of the models. When performing calculations in the Plaxis software package, Soft

Soil soil models have been used with the behavior type Undrained A.

Keywords: Factor of safety (FS), Plaxis, SoilTest, Soft Soil model; woven geotextile,

geosynthetic materials.

Session 3

18 May 2017 12:15-14:00

Geoecoprotective materials, structures and technologies for transportation

Climate Change Adaptation for GeoRisks Mitigation of Railway Turnout Systems

Применение изменения климата для снижения георисков железнодорожных

стрелочных переводов

Serdar Dindar а, Sakdirat Kaewunruen

а , Joseph M. Sussman

b

а School of Civil Engineering,The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Cambridge, USA

Transportation Structures And Constructions With Geoecoprotective Properties

Транспортные сооружения и конструкции с геоэкозащитными свойствами

Antonina Sakharova, Marina Baidarashvili, Andrei Petriaev


The use of oil-contaminated crushed stone screenings in construction ceramics

Использование отсева нефтезагрязненного балластного щебня в строительной

керамике

L. L. Maslennikova, M. S. Abu-Khasan, N.А. Babak


Minimization of negative impact from solid waste landfills with use of mineral geoantidotes

Минимизация негативного воздействия от полигонов твердых бытовых отходов с

использованием минеральных геоантидотов

M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, N.N. Efimova


Soling, Aerating and Phosphating for Soil Strengthening and Detoxication

Золирование, аэрирование и фосфатирование для упрочнения и очистки грунта

Larisa Svatovskaya, Alexander Kabanov, Maxim Sychov


The Modern Structure For Storm Sewage Purification Of Roads

Современное сооружение для очистки ливневых сточных вод автомобильных дорог

Marina Baidarashvili, Antonina Sakharova, Andrei Petriaev


Transport Construction Negative Impact on the Environment

Оценка негативного воздействия транспортного строительства на окружающую

среду

Natalia A. Babаk

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Climate Change Adaptation for GeoRisks Mitigation of Railway Turnout Systems

Serdar Dindar а, Sakdirat Kaewunruen

а , Joseph M. Sussman

b

а School of Civil Engineering,The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Cambridge, USA

Tel.: +44 (0) 121 414 2670; fax: +44 (0) 121 414 3675.


To enhance rail operational flexibility, railway turnouts are special track systems, which are

designed to divert or change a train from a particular direction or a particular track onto other

directions or other tracks. In reality, the railway turnout is commonly built on complex track

geometry and graded terrain, which makes it one of the most unique and critical railway

infrastructures. The physical constraints and complexity of turnout systems cause various risks

and uncertainty in rail operations. This study critically analyses emerging geotechnical risks on

turnout systems considering all aspects that can potentially result in impaired reliability,

availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of the turnout systems. The annual derailment

incidents have been evaluated to identify emerging risk factors. Not only do these incidents yield

operational downtime and financial losses, but they also give rise to the casualties and sometimes

the loss of lives across the world. In particular, the climate change risks on geotechnical aspects

of the turnout systems have been highlighted. This paper thus presents how turnout components

work as a system, the diversity of emerging risks considering natural hazards and global

warming potential to the system. In addition, it highlights the climate change adaptation

strategies for georisk mitigation of the railway turnout systems in order to improve RAMS of the

railway turnouts and crossings, focusing on trackbed failures on the systems.

Keywords: natural hazards; bayesian network; railway turnout; switch and crossing; trackbed

failures.

Transportation Structures And Constructions With Geoecoprotective Properties

Antonina Sakharova, Marina Baidarashvili, Andrei Petriaev




In this article the authors examine the construction wastes using autoclave foam concrete, silicate

brick and an artificial mineral substance such as cement clinker as an example. Studies have

shown that these materials have geoecoprotective properties and they can neutralize heavy metal

ions. Therefore the authors suggest applying these materials in geoecoprotective technologies of

transport construction to reduce environment pollution. The aim of this research is in agreement

with the principles of sustainable development.

Keywords: geoecoprotective materials, heavy metals ions, construction wastes, railway transport,

geosynthetic materials

The use of oil-contaminated crushed stone screenings in construction ceramics

L. L. Maslennikova, M. S. Abu-Khasan, N.А. Babak

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, 190031, 9 Moskovsky pr.,

Russia

Tel.:+7 (921) 346-98-81; E-mail: [email protected]

The article deals with the problem of disposing of oil-contaminated ballast screening, resulting in

the repair and replacement of railroad tracks, in particular, the use of secondary aggregates.

Secondary screening of crushed stone with grain size less than 5 mm contains up to 8% oil. The

study of this fraction on phase and granules metric composition and physical and mechanical

properties allowed the authors to recommend it as leaner for the construction of ceramics with

improved performance characteristics. This solution gives the opportunity to improve the physic-

mechanical properties of ceramic bricks and also save non-renewable resources, in the form of

natural gas and sand, which has a positive impact on the environment. Thus, when using

screening of ballast crushed stone in building ceramics production, reducing the amount of waste

exempt land under landfills, and manufactured construction materials of improved quality.

Keywords: oil-contaminated ballast gravel, ceramic bricks

Minimization of negative impact from solid waste landfills with use of mineral geoantidotes

M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, N.N. Efimova

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Peterburg 190031, 9 Moskovsky pr.,

Russia


The relevance of the work is due not only to a large number of Solid domestic waste and the

negative impact of landfills on the environment, but also to the lack of new sites for landfills.

Such ground allocates drains with ions of heavy metals. Ions of heavy metals are dangerous to

the environment. They are called supertoksikant. The aim of the study is to examine the

sulfoaluminate nature substances and their ability to absorb heavy metal ions in order to apply at

landfills. Results: sulfoaluminate nature substances ability was found to absorb heavy metal ions.

Substances of the sulfoalyuminatny nature are a part of concrete. They interact with solutions of

ions of heavy metals and transfer them to an insoluble state. Such process is safe for a

lithosphere.

Keywords: landfills, solid domestic waste, geoecoprotective, cleaning effect

Soling, Aerating and Phosphating for Soil Strengthening and Detoxication

Larisa Svatovskaya, Alexander Kabanov, Maxim Sychov

Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.


Tel.: +7 (911) 919-54-84. E-mail: [email protected].

The article presents 3 new methods of soil simultaneous strengthening and detoxicating. The

methods are based on using hydrate complexes obtained by means of silica sol, foam concrete

and phosphates. 3 technologies are suggested after silica sol, foam concrete and phosphates. The

new technologies are named soling, aerating and phosphating. The level of soil strengthening is

from 0,2 MPa for aerating and soling and more than 3 MPa for phosphating. The point of

detoxication is to obtain heavy metal ion silicates and phosphates with very low solubility

product. The level of detoxication is more than 1000 TC (tolerable concentration, mg/g).

Keywords: soling, aerating, phosphating, detoxicating, strengthening

The Modern Structure For Storm Sewage Purification Of Roads

Marina Baidarashvili, Antonina Sakharova , Andrei Petriaev




A new type of local sewage treatment plant for storm sewage control from road pavement is

considered in the article. Storm sewage chemical composition is presented. It shows that

concentrations of some pollutants significantly exceed maximum allowable concentration, from

2 to 19 times. It is proposed to use local sewage treatment plant to solve this geoecological

problem. This structure consists of geoecoprotective materials, gabions and geosynthetics. There

are figures and schemes of proposed structure.

Keywords: sewage treatment plant, storm sewage, road, gabion, geoecoprotective materials.

Transport Construction Negative Impact on the Environment

Natalia A. Babаk


Tel.: +79062446878. E-mail: [email protected]

In the article the estimation of negative influence of transport building on environment is offered.

Geoecological indicators of this estimation are developed. The negative impact on the

environment must take into account all life cycle stages of the research object (product, design,

activities); limitations in the use of the object (if a negative impact on the environment

irreversible during exploitation); the list of environmental/biological objects that may be exposed

to danger due to specific; the ability to reduce the negative impacts after preventive measures.

The technologies of utilization of waste in the manufacturing of ceramics are developed to

decrease the negative impact at all stages of the construction activity.

Key words: the negative impact, the environment, transport construction

Session 4

18 May 2017 14:15-16:00

Problems of noise and vibration

Modeling the dynamic behavior of the upper structure of the railway track

Моделирование динамического поведения верхнего строения пути

Alexey A.Lokteva, Vadim V. Korolev

a, Irina V. Shishkina

a, Dmitrii A. Basovsky

b

aMoscow State University of Railway Emperor Nicholas II (МIIT), Moscow, 125993, Russia

bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, 190031,

Russia

Ensuring environmental safety during the construction and operation of tunnels in

residential areas

Обеспечение экологической безопасности при строительстве и эксплуатации

тоннелей в селитебных зонах

L.V. Ryzhovaab

, T.S. Titovaa, S.G. Gendler

bc

aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., St. Petersburg, Russia

bNIPII Lenmetrogiprotrans, 2 Bolshaya Moskovskaya st., St. Petersburg, Russia

cSaint- Petersburg Mining University, 2 21 Line of Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg, Russia

The impact on people and facilities of air flow caused by high-speed train traffic

Воздействие на объекты инфраструктуры железнодорожного пути при движении

высокоскоростного поезда

Djabbarov S.T.

Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Oscillation Of Combined Strut-Framed Systems Of Buildings And Structures In

Conditions Of Vibration Subgrade

Колебания комбинированных систем шпренгельного типа зданий и сооружений в

условиях вибрации грунтового основания

V.V. Egorov, A.N. Sudakov


The Impact of Work of Hydraulic Compactor Type V8 from MTS on the Level of

Vibrations Propagated to the Environment

Влияние работы гидравлического катка типа V8 на уровень вибрации,

распространяющейся в окружающей среде


Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok,

Poland

Methods of noise and vibration protection on urban rail transport

Методы защиты от шума и вибрации на городском рельсовом транспорте

E.P. Dudkin, L.A. Andreeva, N.N. Sultanov

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Modeling the dynamic behavior of the upper structure of the railway track

Alexey A.Lokteva, Vadim V. Korolev

a, Irina V. Shishkina

a, Dmitrii A. Basovsky

b

aMoscow State University of Railway Emperor Nicholas II (МIIT), Moscow, 125993, Russia

bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, 190031,

Russia

Tel.: +7-909-994-14-44,+7-916-126-84-18, +7-916-646-45-78, +7-960-234-61-82

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

The present work is devoted to modeling the behavior of railway track under dynamic load of

wheel pair in view of elastic, viscoelastic and elastic-plastic properties of the area of interaction

between two solids and elastic anisotropic properties of the subgrade, which differ in three main

areas: along the rails along the sleepers and vertically downwards. The wave equation railway

tracks suggest that the deformation and the permanent way and the mound itself is the field of

interaction of bodies takes place in view of the spread of a finite speed of the wave surfaces. The

solution methods used methods of asymptotic expansions in the time and space coordinate, the

method of matching the expansions obtained for short times in the contact zone and outside it.

Keywords: dynamic interaction, the condition of compatibility, railway embankment,

engineering-geological factors, dynamic sag.

Ensuring environmental safety during the construction and operation of tunnels in residential

areas

L.V. Ryzhovaab

, T.S. Titovaa, S.G. Gendler

bc

aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., St. Petersburg, Russia

bNIPII Lenmetrogiprotrans, 2 Bolshaya Moskovskaya st., St. Petersburg, Russia

cSaint- Petersburg Mining University, 2 21 Line of Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg, Russia

Tel.: +7-921-189-4212; fax: +7-921-189-4212. E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years the rate of construction of transport tunnels and metro tunnels has increased in

Russia. The geography of their facilities covers almost the entire territory of our country,

including megalopolises with dence building system.

The construction and operation of all types of tunnels are associated with the negative impact of

technological processes on the environment.

This article describes the differences of negative impact features of the tunnel construction

comparing to the impact from construction of facilities on the surface. The factors affecting the

level of negative impact are shown. Some results of environmental impact assessment and

ecological monitoring are given.

Keywords: tunnel, environmental, negative impact, mining and environmental monitoring

The impact on people and facilities of air flow caused by high-speed train traffic

Djabbarov S.T.

Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers, Adylkhodzhayev St., 1, Tashkent,

Uzbekistan, 100167, Uzbekistan

Tel.: +998 90 185 29 34; fax: +99371 293 57 54


Railway track and people are near the moving train experiencing airflow pressure arising from

the movement of high-speed trains, the amount of which depends on the speed of air flow. The

distribution of airflow from simulations speed train movements of the axisymmetric body in a

variety of forms of the head and the tail section. The train is considered as a unit, consisting of

axially symmetric bodies. The research results allow you to set the speed of the distribution area

of the air flow, the minimum safe distance finding people near a passing train and requirements

for physical and mechanical properties of the individual components.

Keywords: high-speed train traffic, airflow, airflow velocity zone, distribution of airflow.

Oscillation Of Combined Strut-Framed Systems Of Buildings And Structures In Conditions Of

Vibration Subgrade

V.V. Egorov, A.N. Sudakov

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moscovsky pr. 9,

190031, St. Petersburg, Russia


The article considers the interaction of prestressed load-bearing strut-framed systems for

buildings and constructions, which is exposed to the influence of vibrodynamic loads from

moving vehicles.

The mechanical and mathematical models of calculation and software for their implementation

were designed taking into account the constructive and geometric nonlinearity of the considered

structures, that appears the process of oscillations. The conditions under which the subgrade

vibration impacts significantly affects the stress-strain state of the considered structures were

determined. Authors identified and analyzed the special properties of prestressed strut-framed

systems, that appear in these conditions. Recommendations on calculation and design are given.

Keywords: prestressed load-bearing strut-framed systems, vibration, subgrade, structural

nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity.

The Impact of Work of Hydraulic Compactor Type V8 from MTS on the Level of Vibrations

Propagated to the Environment



45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland


Ground vibrations generated during compaction activities in close proximity to residential

buildings may cause disturbance to people, or even, in some cases damage the buildings. For this

reason, it is very important to possess credible information about levels of vibrations generated

by different compaction devices. Site compaction works are usually conducted with the use of

plate compactors. This study investigates ground vibrations developed by a new generation of

rig-mounted hydraulic compactor type V8 from MTS, in the immediate vicinity of a low-rise

residential building, located in Ksiezyno, Poland. The research has been conducted at one

measurement point, located on an exterior load-bearing wall of the building, and at three

measurement points located on the ground at distances 2.5-7.5 m from the building. Compaction

works were carried out in two locations at distances 10 m and 15 m from the building, and at

three depths: 0.4 m, 1.2 m and 1.9-2.0 m. Measurements of vibration accelerations were carried

out using 24-bit LAN-XI data acquisition hardware from Brüel&Kjær, as well as with a set of

three low-frequency, seismic piezoelectric accelerometers type 8340 also manufactured by

Brüel&Kjær and nine low-frequency piezoelectric accelerometers type 3187D from Dytran. In

the course of measurements of the ground acceleration sensors were fixed to mounting bases,

secured in the ground by a three-point anchor. In each measurement point data acquisition was

carried out in three mutually perpendicular directions. The study analyses the distribution of

vibration accelerations in a function of the distance of compactor from the building, the depth of

compaction works, as well as the mode of work of hydraulic compactor type V8 manufactured

by MTS.

The analysis is carried out independently for each of the measurement directions (x, y, z). The

results presented in the paper can be used to predict approximate safe distance applied in

performing the construction activities with the use of this type of compactors.

Keywords: compaction; hydraulic compactor; measurement of vibrations; propagation of

vibrations in the subsoil

Methods of noise and vibration protection on urban rail transport

E.P. Dudkin, L.A. Andreeva, N.N. Sultanov

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9,

Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Closed Joint-Stock Company PROMTRANSNIIPROJECT , Vernadsky avenue POB 38;29,

Moscow, Russia

Tel.: +7(921)575-42-76; +7(812)407-43-40; fax: +7(812)315-26-21.

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

The article is devoted to existing and new methods of reducing the impact of urban rail transport

on the environment. Different ways of reducing noise and vibration are analyzed: isolation of

tram tracks upper structure, examines the different ways to isolate the upper structure of the tram

tracks, capability and effectiveness Of lubrication application in the curved track and switches,

the use of welded rail strings in combination with temperature compensators. The results are

given of theoretical, laboratory and experimental investigations of physical – mechanical,

structural and economic characteristics and indicators of tramways with different insulation

systems.

Keywords: railroad profiles, damping mats, lubricate, the noise and vibration.

Session 5

18 May 2017 14:15-16:00

Use of geosynthetics in road construction

The Performance of Geotextile Materials Used for Filtration and Separation in Different

Structures as an Important Part of Geotextiles Requirements

Необходимость учета в требованиях к геотекстильным материалам, применяемым в

качестве фильтра или разделительного слоя, особенностей их работы в различных

сооружениях

V. I. Shtykov, L. S. Blazhko, A. B. Ponomarev

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Saint Petersburg, 190031, Russia

Evaluation of effectiveness of separating layers in railroad track structure using life cycle

cost analysis

Оценка эффективности разделительных слоев железнодорожного пути на основании

анализа стоимости жизненного цикла

Vladimir Beltiukov, Eugeny Shehtman, Oleg Malikov

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Saint Petersburg, Russia

Evaluation of load transfer in geogrids for base stabilization using transparent soil

Оценка передачи нагрузки на георешетку для стабилизации основания

Xin Peng, Jorge G. Zornberg

Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of Texas at

Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

Effect of Reinforcement on Multi-Tiered Fly Ash Wall

Эффект от армирования многоступенчатой стены из золы уноса

Ankita Kumar, J. N. Mandal

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.

Selected laboratory research on geogrid impact on stabilization of unbound aggregate layer

Результаты лабораторных исследований воздействия георешетки на стабилизацию

слоя несвязного грунта

Marcin Grygiereka, Jacek Kawalec

b

aSilesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100

Gliwice, Poland bTensar International, Slezská 1435/8; 737 01 Český Těšín, Czech Republic

Mechanical stabilization of intermediate granular layers in pavement structures –

laboratory study

Механическая стабилизация промежуточных зернистых слоев грунта в консрукциях

покрытий – лабораторное исследование

Leoš Horníčeka, Zikmund Rakowski

b

aCzech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, Prague, 166

29, Czech Republic bBezrucova 10,7370, Czech Republic

The Performance of Geotextile Materials Used for Filtration and Separation in Different

Structures as an Important Part of Geotextiles Requirements

V. I. Shtykov, L. S. Blazhko, A. B. Ponomarev

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moskovskiy prospect, 9, Saint



Currently, a water discharge coefficient as an important feature of geotextile materials that

affects their filtration capacity in a frozen condition is not included in the geotextiles material

specifications. The higher the water discharge coefficient of geotextile materials is, the less ice

they contain when frozen. The necessary requirements and corresponding mathematical relations

for choosing the appropriate geotextile materials are presented in this study. Geotextile materials

used as separating layers in a railway formation should meet the same requirement.

The effective diameter of the geotextile material pores (cells) was obtained by sieving through it

the fine-grained quartz sand of pre-determined grain-size composition. Nevertheless, as

microscopic research showed, particles produced due to the ballast abrasion and bridging

(colmating) of the geotextile material have a plate-like shape. Consequently, the curve of their

granulometric composition differs from that of the quartz sand.

Based on the experimental data, the criteria for the required mathematically calculated filtration

flow diameter have been established to ensure that geotextile materials are not colmated during

their designed life span. The theoretical, field and laboratory research conducted permitted to

formulate the propositions on making amendments to the requirements and their modification

boundaries depending on the area of geotextile materials application.

Keywords: geotextile; water discharge coefficient; colmating particles; drainage; frozen soils

Evaluation of effectiveness of separating layers in railroad track structure using life cycle cost

analysis

Vladimir Beltiukov, Eugeny Shehtman, Oleg Malikov

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Railway track

department, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9 Moskovsky pr., Russian Federation

Tel. +7 (950) 042-3753. Tel.fax: +7 (812) 436-9231.

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

This article deals with the problem of evaluation of effectiveness for separating layers in railway

track structure. The statistical analysis of railway track characteristics in this study was carried

out for sections of railways with separating layers in track structure and without such layers.

Evaluation of effectiveness was done by means of life cycle cost calculation and failure rate

prediction, using the life cycle model based on reliability analysis.

Parameters of trends between intensity of failure accumulation and operating time of track

structure (in years or tons) were calculated on the basis of railway infrastructure automated

system database. Source data for calculations are characteristics of operational condition,

features of track construction, values of failure rate, statistics on track geometry and maintenance

of way works, performed on railroad section. Values of failure rate were calculated using the life

cycle model based on reliability analysis. This model describes changes of railway track

technical condition for all periods of its life cycle: period of infant mortality, useful life period

and wear out period.

As a result, values of economic effect for separating layers in different operation conditions are

given.

Keywords: railway track structure, separating layers, life-cycle costs analysis, effectiveness

evaluation

Evaluation of load transfer in geogrids for base stabilization using transparent soil

Xin Peng, Jorge G. Zornberg

Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of Texas at

Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1700, Austin, Texas, 78712-0273, USA


The design of roadways with geosynthetic-stabilized base layers requires proper evaluation of

the load-transfer mechanisms between soil particles and geosynthetics. In the case of geogrid

reinforcements, the resistances mobilized on rib elements are key factors that determine the

mechanical responses for both: (1) the ultimate pullout strength; and (2) the in-plane stiffness.

Geogrids with different aperture shapes have rib elements along different orientations, and

different rib orientations could generate different load transfer mechanisms. In this study, a new

experimental testing program using transparent soil was conducted to visualize the load transfer

of geogrids with different aperture shapes (e.g. rectangular, triangular). Specifically, small-scale

soil-geosynthetic interaction tests were conducted using high-definition cameras. Consequently,

image-processing techniques were used to obtain the displacements and deformations of geogrid

specimens from digital images. The soil-geogrid interaction behaviors for geogrid specimens

with different aperture shapes were evaluated and compared. Overall, multiple mechanisms for

load transfer between soil and geogrids with different geometric characteristics could be

characterized and quantified using new techniques involving transparent soil and digital image

analysis.

Keywords: geosynthetics; geogrid; transparent soil; stabilization; load transfer; image analysis

Effect of Reinforcement on Multi-Tiered Fly Ash Wall

Ankita Kumar, J. N. Mandal

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.

Tel.: +91-7738706493; fax: +91-022-2576-7302. E-mail: [email protected]

Fly ash is a by-product formed by the burning of coal in thermal power plants. In India, the

generation of fly ash in the year 2014 to 2015 was 184.14 million tons. However, only 55.69% of

the total fly ash was utilized. The disposal of fly ash is a major environmental concern. The

present study aims at utilizing fly ash as backfill for the wall in a tiered configuration. A multi-

tiered wall is a soil wall constructed in tiered configuration by providing offset at different

elevations of the wall. The behaviour of multi-tiered wall is essentially affected by the critical

offset distance which can be defined as the length of the offset beyond which the tiers of the

multi-tiered fly ash wall start behaving as individual walls and there is limited interaction

between the two tiers. There are very few studies on multi-tiered walls investigated by using

laboratory model tests. Also, the studies of the behaviour of tiered walls utilizing industrial waste

such as fly ash are limited. In the present study, laboratory model tests were conducted utilizing

fly ash as backfill material and jute geotextile as reinforcement under strip loading. The two-

tiered wall was modelled and the offset distance was varied as 0, 0.2L, 0.4L and 0.6L, where L is

defined as the height of lower tier. The length of reinforcement was taken as 0.7H where H is the

total height of the wall. Unreinforced and reinforced models were tested to determine critical

offset distance, the effect of offset distance and reinforcement on different parameters governing

the design of the tiered wall. From the observed failure pattern of model tests, it was found that

inclusion of reinforcement increases the critical offset distance. The critical offset distance was

found to be 0.4 times the height of lower tier for the unreinforced model and 0.6 times the height

of lower tier for the reinforced model. The inclusion of reinforcement also reduces the horizontal

wall facia displacement. Decrease in wall facia displacement was also observed with increase in

the offset distance.

Keywords: Tiered wall; Fly ash; Geosynthetic reinforced wall; Critical Offset Distance; Jute

Geotextile

Selected laboratory research on geogrid impact on stabilization of unbound aggregate layer

Marcin Grygiereka, Jacek Kawalec

b

aSilesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100

Gliwice, Poland bTensar International, Slezská 1435/8; 737 01 Český Těšín, Czech Republic

Tel.: +48-601-472-174; fax: +48-32-326-10-95. E-mail: [email protected]

The influence of geogrid on aggregate layer has been tested by number of research organizations

across the globe since early 80-ties of XX century. Test were carried out in laboratories and in

field. The paper discuss selected laboratory tests important for stabilization function as well as

describes recent laboratory research influence of geogrid for stabilization of aggregate layer in

pavement. Laboratory part of the research was focused on interaction between grid and

aggregate. Part of model tests carried out in box include calibration of measurement unit for

future test in real trafficked pavement.

Keywords: stabilisation by geogrid; unbound aggregate; confinement; stiffness; interlock

Mechanical stabilization of intermediate granular layers in pavement structures – laboratory

study

Leoš Horníčeka, Zikmund Rakowski

b

aCzech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, Prague, 166

29, Czech Republic bBezrucova 10,7370, Czech Republic

Tel.: +420-224-354-754; fax: +420-224-355-460.


A laboratory study aimed at the influence of a stiff geogrid placed on the intermediate granular

layer between a cracked concrete base and the top asphalt layer was carried out. Five physical

models 2x1x0.8m in size have been studied under cycling loading up to 2 million cycles. The

paper describes the application of the crack propagation barrier with various layer thicknesses.

The asphalt surface settlement, the movement of concrete panels and visual control of crack

propagation was monitored during the loading of each model construction. After the loading

termination, cylindrical cores were taken passing through the asphalt layer and the asphalt

surface relief was evaluated. The achieved results were mutually compared and the optimal

composition of layers was identified. Mechanical interlocking has been proven as the ruling

mechanism of the stabilisation function and prevention of reflective cracking.

Keywords: geogrid; mechanical stabilisation; interlocking; asphalt; reflective cracking

Session 6

18 May 2017 14:15-16:00

Geoecoprotective materials, structures and constructures for transportation

Geoecoprotective properties of binders for transport systems

Геоэкозащитные свойства вяжущих для транспортных систем

L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, A.B. Bobrovnik


Use of waste from aluminothermic welding of railroad tracks in structural materials

science

Использование отходов алюмотермитной сварки рельсов в строительном

материаловедении

L. L. Maslennikova, I.A. Naginskii, A. N. Troshev


Oil products absorbing properties of foam concretes

Поглотительные свойства нефтепродуктов пенобетонами

M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, M. Yu. Savelyeva


Geoecoprotective technology of transport construction using silica sol absorption method

Геоэкозащитная технология строительства дорог с использованием метода

поглощения кремнезоля

Larisa Svatovskaya, Oleg Urov, Alexander Kabanov


Criteria Of Geoecoprotection In Construction

Критерии геоэкозащитности в транспортном строительстве

Marina Baydarashvili


Detection Method Of Pollution With Heavy Metals Ions Of The Soil

Геоэкоинформационные технологии на транспорте

M. Baydarashvili, N. Shrednik, A. Spasovskaia


Geoecoprotective properties of binders for transport systems

L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, A.B. Bobrovnik


Tel.: +7(812) 310-17-25. E-mail: [email protected]

The article deals with geoecoprotective properties of a sulfatcalcuim system in relation to heavy

metal ions. The article presents the research results of determining an optimum contact time of

sulfatcalcium products with model solutions. The results of geoecoprotective capacity of

sulfatcalcium nature products depend on surface area and weight.

Keywords: ions, heavy metals, geoecoprotective properties, capacity

Use of waste from aluminothermic welding of railroad tracks in structural materials science.

L. L. Maslennikova, I.A. Naginskii, A. N. Troshev

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University. 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9

Moskovsky pr. Russia.


The article discusses the possibility of using mineral waste from the aluminothermical rail

welding in the form of waste refractory forms, and slag in construction materials in the

preparation of ceramic, refractory and cement containing materials. The article provides optimal

compositions using crushed and ground mineral waste and physic-mechanical studies of the

obtained construction materials. For the study of the waste phase composition and structure of

synthesized materials powder x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and electron

microscopy were used.

Keywords: mineral wastes, the aluminothermic welding of rails, building materials

Oil products absorbing properties of foam concretes

M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, M. Yu. Savelyeva

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Peterburg 190031,9 Moskovsky pr.,

Russia

Tel.: +7(812) 310-17-25. E-mail: [email protected]

Construction pollutes the environment. One of types of pollution is oil products. They pollute the

hydrosphere and a lithosphere. Oil products are hazardous to health of the person. For a solution

in work it is offered to use porous materials. Their structure provides the absorbing property oil

products. The oil products absorbing by means of the foam concrete articles are shown in the

paper. The new parameter of such kind of the properties is named. Parameters of the

geoecoprotective technology on their base are shown. Two technologies have been used for the

geoecoprotective purposes such as preventive and sterilizative ones.

Keywords: articals, building, prevention, segregation, oil products

Geoecoprotective technology of transport construction using silica sol absorption method

Larisa Svatovskaya, Oleg Urov, Alexander Kabanov

Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St. Petersburg,

190031, Russia

Tel.: +7 (911) 919-54-84. E-mail: [email protected].

The article presents geoecoprotective technology of property improvement. The technology of

silica sol absorption used with transport concrete articles is an as example of such a technology.

The point of the technology is increasing properties of concrete by forming new calcium silicate

hydrates in the pores and capillaries of a concrete stone. This new method was named

lithosynthesis. It starts from the surface of a concrete article used in road construction. Technical

properties and durability of road construction articles were improved. Low temperature

resistance, crack resistance and constructive quality coefficient were studied. As a result of

property improvement it is possible to reduce raw material consumption.

Keywords: absorption, silica sol, construction, properties

Criteria Of Geoecoprotection In Construction

Marina Baydarashvili

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia


Questions of geoecological assessment of technology solutions in construction are considered in

article. Technology solutions become geoecoprotective if they correspond to particular criteria

which are defined by the author. There are four criteria such as minimization of an expense of

non-renewable energy, preservation and (or) restitution of quality of the natural and technogenic

environment, preservation of natural resources, and minimization of waste formation. These

criteria are quantitatively expressed through the corresponding indexes. Intervals of values of

indexes are calculated. Construction technologies are geoecoprotective within these values.

Thus, criteria of geoecodefense are criteria which allow to estimate technology solutions in

construction from the point of view of their influence on an environment.

Keywords: criteria, indexes, non-renewable energy, quality, preservation of natural resources.

Detection Method Of Pollution With Heavy Metals Ions Of The Soil

M. Baydarashvili, N. Shrednik, A. Spasovskaia

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia


The results of researches which allowed to develop a detection method of pollution with heavy

metals ions (HMI) of the soil are presented in article. This method is based on use of properties

of construction systems of the hydrosilicate nature as geoecoindicators. Technological

parameters and limits of the method applicability in transport construction are presented. The

chromatic scale is offered. It reflects dependence of color of the geoecoindicator by nature and

concentration of a pollutant (HMI) in the soil. Thus, the developed method allows obtaining

information on HMI pollution of the soil according to which it will be possible to give an

assessment of a geoecological situation in this territory.

Keywords: heavy metals ions, building systems, geoecoindicator, geoecoindicator chromatic

scale.

Session 7

18 May 2017 16:15-17:45

Soil dynamics

Crushing of non-cohesive soil grains under dynamic loading

Дробление частиц несвязного грунта под динамической нагрузкой

Marek A. Patakiewicza, Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska

b

aGEOTOR Company of Geotechnical Service, 03-320 Warsaw, Poland

bBialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland

Design characteristics of road structure reinforced with cell geosynthetic materials with

account of dynamic load impact

Расчетные характеристики дорожной конструкции армированной ячеистыми

геосинтетическими материалами с учетом динамического воздействия

автотранспорта

P. V. Ivanova, N.N. Belyaev

a, A.V. Petryaev

b

aInstitute Stroyproekt, Dunaisky Prospekt 13/2A, St. Petersburg, Russia, 196158

bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky Prospekt 9, St.

Petersburg, Russia 190031

Deformation properties of decomposed peat under vibration and dynamic load impact

Деформативные свойства разложившегося торфа под действием вибродинамической

нагрузки

Kolos A.F. a, Ryzhov V.S.

a, Shmulevich M. I.

b, Akkerman G.L.

c

aEmperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9

Moskovsky pr., Russia. bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia.

cUral State University of Railway Transport, Kolmagorova 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Compaction of the railway embankments during the new highspeed lines construction

Уплотнение железнодорожных насыпей при строительстве новых

высокоскоростных магистралей

Anatoly I. Kistanov

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Assessment of varve clays sensitivity to natural structure disturbance

Оценка чувствительности ленточных глин к нарушению природного сложения

Klemyatsionok P.L. a, Kolmogorova S.S.

a, Kolmogorov S.G.

b

aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

bSaint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Crushing of non-cohesive soil grains under dynamic loading

Marek A. Patakiewicza, Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska

b

aGEOTOR Company of Geotechnical Service, 03-320 Warsaw, Poland

bBialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland

Tel.: +48 787 995 969. E-mail: [email protected]

Dynamic impact loading may cause gradual crushing of soil grains, especially when soil grains

are characterised by weak strength or when the geologic history of the soil has influenced on

material fatigue. The aim of the work is to identify the soil crushability during dynamic

compaction, as well as the effect of a gradual grain crumbling on changes of the maximum dry

density and the uniformity coefficient. All tests were performed for genetically different non-

cohesive soils from various Polish areas. In Pleistocene river sands and in the sea sands –

repeated compaction does not improve the coefficient of uniformity and does not result in

significant changes in the maximum dry density. In the river sands from Holocene alluvial

deposits, multiple compaction causes a significant increase in value of ρd max. In glaciofluvial

sands and gravel multiple compaction increases the maximum dry density and uniformity

coefficient of compacted soil. The monomineralic soils was characterised by values of CU < 3.0,

and the polymineralic soils – by values of CU ≥ 3.0.

Keywords: soil grain crushing, dynamic loading; non-cohesive soil; mineral composition; soil

origin

Design characteristics of road structure reinforced with cell geosynthetic materials with account

of dynamic load impact

P. V. Ivanova, N.N. Belyaev

a, A.V. Petryaev

b

aInstitute Stroyproekt, Dunaisky Prospekt 13/2A, St. Petersburg, Russia, 196158

bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky Prospekt 9, St.

Petersburg, Russia 190031

Tel.: +7 (812) 331 0500 ext. 1637, +7 (921) 957 2472 fax +7(812) 331 0505.


Modern highways are exposed to intensive transport loads, which require strengthening of the

road structure and considering the dynamic load action on design characteristics of materials.

The studies define quantitative changes of strength and strain characteristics of the road structure

materials depending on amplitude of oscillations under dynamic loads. Subject to the road

structure design and materials used, the strength of soil subgrade, for example, can decrease

under vibration by 20-30% as compared to the design value defined without taking the vibration

factor into account. The use of cell geosynthetic materials in the road structure allows improving

its stress strain behaviour within the range of 5 % - 15 %. To that end, layers of less stiff material

should not be placed above stiff layers reinforced with cell geosynthetic materials.

Keywords: cell geosynthetic materials, dynamic load, strength, deformability, oscillation

amplitude

Deformation properties of decomposed peat under vibration and dynamic load impact

Kolos A.F. a, Ryzhov V.S.

a, Shmulevich M. I.

b, Akkerman G.L.

c

aEmperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9

Moskovsky pr., Russia. bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia.

cUral State University of Railway Transport, Kolmagorova 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia


Deformation of embankments built on marshy territories is mainly displayed by slowly

increasing residual settlements and significant elastic settlements. These cause intensive wear of

fastening elements and prove the definitive role of peat used as foundation material in the

reliable performance of railway track in general. Investigation of peat physical and deformation

characteristics were conducted on samples having undisturbed structure. The result of

experiments were obtained the following dependencies: E(W) – dependence of aggregate

deformation modulus on natural moisture level; E(ρd) – dependence of aggregate deformation

modulus on porosity. Analysis of the obtained data allows to draw a conclusion, that peat

porosity growth at low values of moisture leads to significant reduction of deformation modulus.

It is also worth mentioning that the impact of vibration and dynamic loading increases this

reduction even further. The described findings emphasize the importance of taking into

consideration vibration and dynamic loads when calculating settlements in railway embankments

built on peat foundations.

Keywords: subgrade, weave, embankment, roadbed, peat, amplitude, acceleration, deformation,

vibrodynamic, stabilometer

Compaction of the railway embankments during the new highspeed lines construction

Anatoly I. Kistanov


Tel.: +7 (812) 457 81 75. E-mail: [email protected]

The Technical Regulations acting at present time on the highspeed lines construction has severe

requirements to the quality of the railway embankments construction. They have to be practically

without settlement and work at the stage of the elastic deformations. The purpose of this

investigation is to study the process of soils compaction under repeated loads applications, which

should have the amplitude- frequencies parameters such as produced by the highspeed running

trains. Therefore, a special dynamic triaxial test apparatus was used for the laboratory

investigation. The major features of this apparatus were to simulate the wave forms of the

vibrations initiated by passing trains. The equipment and experimental procedure are described

herein, as well as main results of testings. The first part of the report devoted to the theoretical

substantiation of the possibility of the railway embankments construction without settlements. In

the second part, the dynamic triaxial tests of the clay soils initially subjected to the elastic

compression are described. The character of the void ratio changing during the dynamic elastic

compression as compared with the static compression as well as the strength of the soils

changing are shown. As the results, the method of compaction of the embankments to be applied

during the new highspeed railroads construction is proposed.

Keywords: compaction; elastic compression curve; dynamic triaxial tests; modelling; penetration

tests; vibration spectrum; method of compaction; compaction equipment.

Assessment of varve clays sensitivity to natural structure disturbance

Klemyatsionok P.L. a, Kolmogorova S.S.

a, Kolmogorov S.G.

b

aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 190031,

Russia bSaint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2, sh. Petersburg, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg,

196601, Russia


The article deals with the problem of sensitivity of varve clays to disturbance of natural

structure. Soil sensitivity can be determined by any method, enabling to make soil tests in the

conditions of natural and disturbed structure. The testing method, the kind of the applied impact

and the kind of deformations caused by this impact will influence assessment of sensitivity.

While assessing clay soils sensitivity the case of varve clays shows the necessity to use different

methods. Applied to a number of tests the article introduces the term of sensitivity range for the

soil of a particular genetic type.

Keywords: sensitivity; varve clays; range sensitivity

Session 9 18 May 2017 16:15-17:45

Geoecoprotective materials, structures and constructures for transportation

Unified multimodal transport center – a tool for the development of the environmental

geology of transport

Единый центр мультимодальных перевозок − инструмент развития геоэкологии


Menukhova Tatiana Anatol'yevna, Egorov Sergey Viktorovich

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21 line, 2, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia

Geoecoprotective technologies of storage of used wooden sleepers

Геоэкозащитные технологии хранения старогодных деревянных шпал

L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, M. Yu. Savelyeva


A Method Of Obtaining Geonoiseprotective Foam Concrete For Use On Railway

Transport

Метод получения геошумозащитного пенобетона с целью использования на

железнодорожном транспорте

Anastasia Sychovaa, Maxim Sychov

b, Ekaterina Rusanova

c

aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, St.Petersburg, Russia

bSt. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), St.Petersburg, Russia

cEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia

The Increase Of The Durability And Geoprotective Properties Of The Railway Subgrade

Повышение долговечности и геозащитных свойств железнодорожного земляного

полотна

Anastasia Sychovaa, Andrey Solomahin

a, Anatoly Hitrov

b

aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, , St.Petersburg, Russia

bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia

Creation of favourable water – physical properties of drill cuttings with the use of

coagulants

Создание благоприятных водно – физических свойств бурового шлама с

использованием коагулянтов

L.N.Skipin, V.S. Petuhova , E.A. Romanenko

625025, Tyumen, Volodarsky 38, Russia, [email protected]

Unified multimodal transport center – a tool for the development of the environmental geology

of transport

Menukhova Tatiana Anatol'yevna, Egorov Sergey Viktorovich

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21 line, 2, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia


The article covers the problem of oversaturation of the road space by traffic flows which are

inappropriate all too often. Organization of effective transportation is a challenge for small

discrete companies with a limited vehicle stock, and the incoming customer flow is chaotic to

some extent. No centralized and economically viable distribution of demands by contractors’

resources is performed for the time being. For the purpose of the development of the

environmental geology of transport it is proposed to organize a unified multimodal transport

center which would receive information on requests for transportation of goods. The objective of

such a center includes generation of a data base of carriers’ resources represented in real time,

evaluation of a carrier’s rating against a number of criteria, organization of transportation

according to the most efficient scheme with application of multi-objective problem algorithms.

The article contains algorithms built in the center functioning system which provide an

opportunity to take decisions automatically, which would minimize the probability of human

factor errors. Establishment of such a center will make it possible to distribute orders taking into

account the geographical location of cargo-generating points and the positioning of vehicles,

enhance the efficiency of vehicle stock operation, optimize traffic flows, reduce congestion of

major roads by way of withdrawal of ineffectively used vehicle stock from the roads, redirect

traffic flows bypassing major towns.

Keywords: multimodal transport, transport, environmental geology, efficiency, planning.

Geoecoprotective technologies of storage of used wooden sleepers

L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, M. Yu. Savelyeva

Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Tel.: +7(812) 310-17-25


The article deals with the negative impact of organic pollution of used wooden sleepers. The

research offers geoecoconstruction to protect the environment from such influence. It is shown

that such a construction can be made in the form of a porous screen. Design sizes are calculated

taking into account the geoecoprotective properties of porous material. Geoecological reliability

coefficient is calculated for the geoecoprotective screen.

Keywords: porous screen, geoecoprotective propesties, storage

A Method Of Obtaining Geonoiseprotective Foam Concrete For Use On Railway Transport

Anastasia Sychovaa, Maxim Sychov

b, Ekaterina Rusanova

c

aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, Zhdanovskaya st.13, St.Petersburg,

197198, Russia bSt. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovsky pr.26,

St.Petersburg, 190013, Russia cEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr.9,

St.Petersburg, 190031, Russia


The article presents the method of production of foam concrete, as a geonoiseprotective material.

Its ability to absorb acoustic energy due to porous structure, composition and thickness of foam

films is taken into account. Besides that the energy-absorbing ability of the solid phases of the

stone frame is taken into consideration. The possibility of using this foam concrete as a material

for reducing noise from the railway transport movement is shown. Also, the method takes into

account geoprotective properties of the material concerning the pollution from railway transport.

Keywords: geonoiseprotective foam concrete, acoustic energy, railway transport

The Increase Of The Durability And Geoprotective Properties Of The Railway Subgrade

Anastasia Sychovaa, Andrey Solomahin

a, Anatoly Hitrov

b

aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, Zhdanovskaya st.13, St.Petersburg,

197198, Russia bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr.9,

St.Petersburg, 190031, Russia


In the article it is proposed to use polymer-cement foam concrete of normal hardening as one of

the layers in order to increase durability and geoprotective of a roadbed. High energy-absorbing

properties of the material will help to dissipate the stresses occurring during the passage of heavy

transport. The premature failure of the railway embankment will be prevented and overhaul

interval increasing. Low coefficient of thermal conductivity and water absorption of the porous

layer give the whole construction higher frost resistance, and make it lighter. Levels of the

material pores of different size allow it to absorb the pollution from railway transport, providing

geoprotective properties.

Keywords: polymer-cement foam concrete, geoprotective properties, energy absorption

properties, frost resistance.

Creation of favourable water – physical properties of drill cuttings with the use of coagulants

L.N.Skipin, V.S. Petuhova , E.A. Romanenko

625025, Tyumen, Volodarsky 38, Russia, [email protected]


The negative physical properties of drilling cuttings are caused generally by the presence of large

amounts of exchangeable sodium. Its sources are boring solutions with the use of caustic and

soda ash and also the saline rocks extracted in the process of drilling. Drilling cuttings have lack

of structure and swelling in the wet state, adhesiveness, low water mobility, reduced air

exchange, a high hydrophylicity, lack of filtration capacity. In addition to these physical

properties drilling cuttings are characterized by a number of the negative chemical properties, in

particular, a high alkalinity and the presence of easily soluble toxic salts of sodium, the lack of

exchangeable calcium and magnesium. The following properties make absolutely impossible the

use of drilling cuttings in road construction, and also taking into acoount their restoration.

Application of a number of natural coagulants such as (gypsum, diatomite, quicklime, etc.) And

the waste of the industrial activity (a phosphogypsum, carnallite, sludge formed during the

purification of the surface and underground water) radically improves physical properties of

drilling sludge and provides multiple increase in filtration capacity.

Keywords: drill cuttings or drilling sludge, coagulants, exchangeable sodium, caustic and soda

ash.

Session 10

19 May 2017 9:00-10:45

Problems of railway ballast and ballastless track upper structure

Full - scale study of stress-strain state of ballastless upper structure construction of rail

way in terms of train dynamic load

Натурные исследование напряженно-деформированного состояния безбалластной

конструкции верхнего строения железнодорожного пути при динамическом поездном

воздействии

A.F. Kolos, T.M. Petrova, A.O.Makhonina


Change of ballast strength properties during particles abrasive wear

Изменение прочностных свойств щебеночного балласта в процессе абразивного

износа его частиц

Alexey Kolos, Anastasia Konon, Pavel Chistyakov


Experimental study of stoneblowing track surfacing technique

Лабораторные исследования технологии выправки шпал пневматическим суфляжем

Alexander Abrashitov, Artem Semak

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II, Moscow Russia

Control over transverse shifts of rail sleeper lattice which impact on deformation of ballast

layer

Контроль за поперечными сдвигами рельсо-шпальной решетки, влияющими на

деформативность балластного слоя

G.L. Akkerman, M. A. Skutina

Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ekaterinburg, Russia

The service life of ballastless track

Срок службы безбалластного пути

A.V. Savin

Joint Stock Company Railway Research Institute (JSC "VNIIZhT"), Russia

Account of irregularity in the stress distribution along wood and concrete sleepers from a

perspective of granular media mechanics

Учет неравномерности распределения напряжений вдоль деревянной и

железобетонной шпал с позиции механики зернистых сред

A.V. Moshenzhal

Miakom SPb LLC, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Enhancement of subgrade’s bearing capacity in low water permeable (clay) soils

Увеличение несущей способности земляного полотна в слабоводопроницаемых

грунтах

Ludmila S. Blazhko, Valerii I. Shtykov, Evgenii V. Chernyaev

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The Development Of A High Performance Material For A Ballast Layer Of A Railway

Track

Создание высокоэффективного материала для балластного слоя железнодорожного

полотна

Valery Kondratov, Valentina Solovyova, Irina Stepanova


Subgrade Strengthening on the Sections for Cars Interchanging with Axle Load of 25 T

and More

Повышение прочности земляного полотна на участках обращения вагонов с

осевыми нагрузками 25 т и более

Ashpiz E.S., Zamukhovskiy A.V.

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II (MIIT), Moscow,

Russia

Full - scale study of stress-strain state of ballastless upper structure construction of rail way in

terms of train dynamic load

A.F. Kolos, T.M. Petrova, A.O.Makhonina

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9

Moskovsky pr., Russia


This article is about the ballastless upper structure track operation in Russia. The Rheda 2000

construction was laid at the experimental section of railway track. The problem of cracking was

founded while using this construction. In order to determine the railway track stress-strain

condition with terms of train dynamic load the experiments were carried out by using of strain

gauges.

The experts got the following results: the cracks appeared at the main plate in the locations of the

fixed maximum tensile stress. Furthermore, the rolling-stock speed grows up with increasing of

vertical and longitudinal voltage on the primary site of the linear dependence.

Keywords: ballastless construction, track structure, RHEDA 2000, cracking, trial operation

Change of ballast strength properties during particles abrasive wear

Alexey Kolos, Anastasia Konon, Pavel Chistyakov

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, St.

Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation

Materials and Structures Test Center, JSC RZD, Rybinskaya str., 4, St. Petersburg, 192007,

Russian Federation


The paper describes cohesion and friction angle research results of new granite railway ballast. It

was found out that crushed stone abrasion degree increase leads to ballast cohesion decrease and

has not effect on ballast friction angle. Authors determined that strength properties of new and

reclaimed ballast mixtures depend on initial abrasion degree significantly. When using a mixture

of 70% reclaimed and 30% new ballast it becomes possible to provide mixture ballast strength

properties closely approximated to requirements for new ballast.

Keywords: strength properties; crushed stone; ballast; abrasion degree

Experimental study of stoneblowing track surfacing technique

Alexander Abrashitov, Artem Semak

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II, Moscow Russia

E-mail: [email protected].

Ballast is known to be one of the most widely used materials for railtrack construction.

Although ballast is comprised of crushed hard stones, it undergoes gradual and continual

degradation under cyclic rail loading and requires constant maintenance. Due to the limitations

of the commonly used ballast tamping technique for recovering railway track geometry, other

technical solutions are currently being considered. Stoneblowing is an alternative technique of

track level adjustment, that is defined as injection of the premeasured amount of small fresh

stones with pressurized air under the sleepers, lifted to a desired level. This technique has been

reported to lack most of the known disadvantages of tamping. However, postmaintenance

behavior of ballast was found to be sensitive to the procedure aspects, thus further investigations

in controlled laboratory conditions are required. This paper is focused on measurement and

analysis of ballast settlement under cyclic loads after reinstating of a railway track with

stoneblowing. Experimental results show that usage of stoneblowing leads to a predictable level

of settlement, which remains constant even after a large number of loading cycles. Moreover, we

propose a two-step stoneblowing technique and provide experimental evidence that this approach

is more effective for reinstating the railway track than a conventional single step approach.

Keywords:stoneblowing; dynamic load; laboratory tests; settlement

Control over transverse shifts of rail sleeper lattice which impact on deformation of ballast layer

G.L. Akkerman, M. A. Skutina

Ural State University of Railway Transport, Kolmagorova 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia


The main problem in article is influence of warping continuous welded railway track and

transverse shifts of rail-sleeper lattice. Transverse shifts of rail-sleeper lattice lead to defects of

railway track geometry, caused by lateral movement of ballast. It leads to ballast layers stability

loss and it has negative influence on safety of railway traffic. Incessant control of thermally

stressed state of continuous welded railway track is necessary, especially warping control of

continuous welded railway track, because it is important factor to stability of ballast layer and

stability of railway track. Baliza is a device providing control of transverse stability of railway

track, which influence on the deformation of ballast layer. Baliza allows to define speed and

acceleration of longitudinal thermal mechanical stress variation. In article, one can see

measurement and parameter calculation method. This method is based on the measurement and

comparison of existing thermal mechanical stresses and calculated mechanical stresses in each

point of the rail strings. The article describes a method to control warping continuous welded

railway track and transverse shifts of the rail-sleeper lattice that directly impact stability of the

ballast layer.

Keywords: Ballast layer deformation; the stress; warping continuous welded railway track;

baliza.

The service life of ballastless track

A.V. Savin

Joint Stock Company Railway Research Institute (JSC "VNIIZhT"), Russia

Tel.: +7-499-260-41-36; fax: +7-495-602-80-30.


Before the widespread use of high-speed rail ballastless track needs to be tested in real

conditions at high speed and small axial load. Experimental railway track of "VNIIZhT" makes it

possible to carry out tests at high axial load, low speed but that does not fully meet the real fields

of application of ballastless track. To resolve this contradiction it proposed to apply the

methodology of forecasting resource of ballastless track under real operating conditions basing

on the results of tests on an experimental ring using mathematical modeling.

The proposed algorithm and methodology allow applying results of observation of degradation

of tested ballastless track design on the Test Loop (Scherbinka railway station) to the network

section where laying of any ballastless track design for mixed traffic is planned.

In the longer term this methodology will give opportunity to take into account changes of

operational factors on a section, including impact of increase of axle load or train speed on

durability of track design.

Keywords: Ballastless way, high-speed movement, a mathematical model, life path.

Account of irregularity in the stress distribution along wood and concrete sleepers from a

perspective of granular media mechanics

A.V. Moshenzhal

Miakom SPb LLC, ul. Professora Popova, 4, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation


The article shows a method aimed at taking into account the irregularity in the distribution of

stresses along wooden and reinforced concrete ties transferred to the ballast body. Based on the

comparison of the theoretical values of stresses and the values of stresses actually measured in an

experimental way, a conclusion has been made as to the viability of the present method

implemented on the base of the mechanics of granular media.

Keywords: shear resistance; granular media mechanics; granular media; irregularity in the

vertical load distribution; subgrade

Enhancement of subgrade’s bearing capacity in low water permeable (clay) soils

Ludmila S. Blazhko, Valerii I. Shtykov, Evgenii V. Chernyaev

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, 190031,

Russia

Tel.:+7-905-275-28-73; fax: +7-812-457-81-74


Today’s level of vibrodynamic loads performed by rolling stock should be compensated for new

technical solutions in railway track construction, which ensure the minimum increase of

permanent deformation during exploitation. The article presents the theoretically grounded

solution for reduction of intensity of permanent deformation accumulation in low water

permeable (clay) soils the bearing capacity of which is significantly changed during their

excessive moisturising. The effective dewatering of such soils may be feasible when using “a

coarse-grained drainage”. The authors demonstrate constructions of “coarse-grained drainages”

and requirements for their calculations.

Keywords: Low water permeable (clay) soils, “coarse-grained drainage”, tensions.

The Development Of A High Performance Material For A Ballast Layer Of A Railway Track

Valery Kondratov, Valentina Solovyova , Irina Stepanova



Tel.: +7-921-353-0507; fax: +7-812-457-8644.


A ballast layer – an element of the railway superstructure – ensures its vertical and horizontal

stability under the effect of train loads and changing temperatures. Crushed aggregate is used as

a base material for a ballast layer according to the standard technical documentation.

The purpose of the study is to improve ballast layer operational characteristics, to prevent the

ballast from incrustation and moisture, to eliminate stones rolling out from a ballast bed and to

reduce track maintenance works.

In order to solve these problems we propose a high performance polymer cement material

modified by organic mineral composition containing nanoparticles [4].

The developed material is characterized by higher elasticity and crack resistance. It does not lose

its properties under train loads. Besides it is resistant to chemical materials (oils, lubricants,

acids) and is not failed when it is used in a temperature range from +50°C to –60°C.

Keywords: ballast layer, polymer cement material, strength, durability.

Subgrade Strengthening on the Sections for Cars Interchanging with Axle Load of 25 T and

More

Ashpiz E.S., Zamukhovskiy A.V.

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II (MIIT), st.

Obraztsova, 9, p. 9, Moscow, 127994, Russia

Tel.: +7-916-623-77-84; fax: +7-495-691-19-13.


The article deals with the problem of strengthening of the subgrade located on the sections that

have the interchange of cars with the axle load of 25 tons and more.

The issues of the subgrade behaviour were studied on the example of the Eastern test site with

regard to geotechnical and permafrost conditions for the construction and maintenance of

subgrade.

The main directions to the subgrade strengthening are referred to the following:

1) Strengthening of the top of subgrade;

2) Providing the stability of the sloping parts of subgrade;

3) Providing the carrying capacity of the weak, including thawing, roadbeds.

Keywords: high axial loads, strengthening of the subgrade, thawing roadbeds.

Session 11

19 May 2017 9:00-10:45

Geotechnical problems in cold regions

Apparatus for Strengthening Soft Water-Saturated Soils by Freezing under Engineering

Objects and Structures in Cold Regions

Устройство для укрепления слабых влагонасыщенных грунтов путем их

замораживания под инженерными объектами и сооружениями в северной

климатической зоне

V.I. Moiseeva, N.K. Vasiliev

b , T.A. Komarova

с, O.A. Komarova

с

aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, St Petersburg, Russia

bJSC The B.E.Vedenev VNIIG, St Petersburg, Russia

сScientific center DISIST, St Petersburg, Russia

Functional Loss Risks of highways in Permafrost Areas Due to Climate Change

Риски потери функциональности линейных объектов транспортной

инфраструктуры в зоне вечной мерзлоты в связи с изменениями климата

Trofimenko Y.V., Evgenev G.I., Shashina E.V.

Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow,

Russia

Experimental estimation of permeability of freeze-thawed soils in artificial ground freezing

Экспериментальная оценка водопроницаемости мерзлых и талых грунтов при

искусственном замораживании

Go Hirose, Yuzuru Ito

Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa-shi 572-0074, Osaka, Japan

Remediation of contaminated fine-grained soil by freezing and ion exchange effect

Улучшение загрязненного мелкозернистого грунта за счёт замораживания и эффекта

ионного обмена

Takuto Inoue, Yuzuru Ito , Hideo Sakabe


Kansai Geo and Environment Research Center, 1-3-3 Higasibeppu, Settu-shi 566-0074, Osaka,

Japan

The construction of transport infrastructure on permafrost soils

Обеспечение устойчивости зданий и сооружений в условиях вечномерзлых грунтов

Vladimir M. Ulitsky, Elena V. Gorodnova

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Problems and technologies of offshore permafrost investigation

Проблемы и технологии исследований мерзлых грунтов шельфа

Andrei S.Lokteva , Mikhail Y.Tokarev

b, Eugeny M.Chuvilin

c

aMarine Research Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

bLomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

cSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia

Calculations of thermal stabilization of transport embankments and their bases

Расчетное обеспечение термостабилизации оснований насыпей транспортных


Vladimir N. Paramonova, Igor I. Sakharov

b

aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., Saint

Petersburg, 190031, Russia bSt. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2 Krasnoarmeyskaya str.,

Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia

A Case Study of a Cut Slope Failure Influenced by Snowmelt and Rainfall

Анализ случая обрушения откоса под влиянием осадков

Akira Moria, Srikrishna Siva Subramanian

a, Tatsuya Ishikawa

a, Masahiro Komatsu

b

aHokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.

bEast Nippon Expressway company, Hokkaido branch, Ohyachi Nishi 5, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo,

Japan

Apparatus for Strengthening Soft Water-Saturated Soils by Freezing under Engineering Objects

and Structures in Cold Regions

V.I. Moiseeva, N.K. Vasiliev

b , T.A. Komarova

с, O.A. Komarova

с

aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, St Petersburg, Russia

bJSC The B.E.Vedenev VNIIG, St Petersburg, Russia

сScientific center DISIST, St Petersburg, Russia

Tel.:+7-812-493-9308; fax:+7-812-493-9381. E-mail: [email protected]

The paper is devoted to the construction of various earth and engineering structures being

operated on soft soils in the northern regions of Russia with a pronounced continental climate

and a lot of wetlands.

The problem of year-round cooling of water-saturated soil to freezing temperatures in order to

convert it into a frozen state of permafrost is considered. To convert the soil into a frozen state of

permafrost and keep the state all year around, including the summer period, the new soil cooling

apparatus has been developed. The apparatus is economical; it has no moving parts and can

operate for a long time without involving any staff.

Keywords: strengthening of soils; freezing; thermopiles

Functional Loss Risks of highways in Permafrost Areas Due to Climate Change

Trofimenko Y.V., Evgenev G.I., Shashina E.V.

Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Leningradskij

avenue, 64, Moscow, 125319, Russia

Tel.: +7-499-155-0729; fax: +7-499-155-0729.


The article gives the analysis of functioning of highways, which are exposed to the destruction

risks caused by climate change in the territories of the Arctic zone and the location of

permafrost, original methods for preserving transport infrastructure facilities survival are

proposed. Methods for quantitative risk assessment of natural hazards for transport

infrastructure, adaptation measures in road construction to possible climate change are discussed.

The technology of self-adjusting soils stabilization using vapor-liquid seasonal cooling devices

immersed inside screw piles is proposed for improving the reliability of pile-elevated road

structures.

Keywords: permafrost; climate change; highway; risk assessment, technology of self-adjusting

soils stabilization

Experimental estimation of permeability of freeze-thawed soils in artificial ground freezing

Go Hirose, Yuzuru Ito



Permeability increase of freeze-thawed soil is a well-known phenomenon. Many of researches

have been conducted to clarify the mechanism of permeability of freeze-thawed soils and to

estimate it with simple 1-D freeze-thaw test systems. However, it was quite doubtful whether

permeability of freeze-thawed soils of AGF could be estimated directly from such a simple 1-D

test.

Purpose of this study is to propose an estimation procedure of permeability of freeze-thawed soil

after artificial ground freezing work. Two types of experiments were conducted for this purpose.

One was the 1-D freeze-thaw permeability test in which all of the freezing, loading and

permeability measurements were conducted for vertical direction. The other was the horizontal

displacement restrained horizontal freeze-thaw vertical permeability test (H test) in which

freezing was conducted for horizontal direction while the loading and permeability

measurements were for vertical. From these tests, two sets of permeability of freeze-thawed soils

were obtained directly by a falling head permeability test. Moreover, water content distribution

of the specimens were measured and converted into void ratio. Permeability of freeze-thawed

soil of the H test was estimated based on void ratio distribution of the specimen and the

relationship between permeability and void ratio from the 1-D test. Finally, the estimated and

measured permeability were compared.

Test results revealed that the permeability at H test can be estimated from the distribution of void

ratio and that from the 1-D test, while two sets of permeability of freeze-thawed soils greatly

differ from each other. It is considered that permeability increase of freeze-thawed soils is caused

by deflection of void ratio distribution generated after freeze-thaw and the void ratio grows

greater in the colder side and lower in the warmer side. As the result, overall permeability of

freeze-thawed soils at H test became greater than that of the 1-D test.

Keywords: Permeability; Void ratio; Freeze-thaw test; Frost heave; Equivalent permeability

Remediation of contaminated fine-grained soil by freezing and ion exchange effect

Takuto Inoue, Yuzuru Ito , Hideo Sakabe


Kansai Geo and Environment Research Center, 1-3-3 Higasibeppu, Settu-shi 566-0074, Osaka,

Japan

Tel.: +81-72-839-9701 fax: +81-72-838-6599. E-mail: [email protected]

It is extremely difficult to remediate contaminated fine-grained soils by the conventional

methods. However, the use of freeze-thaw was proposed for this purpose. This method utilizes

the ice segregation phenomena in a frost susceptible soil. Soluble contaminants in the pore

structure in a soil can be removed easily by the method than by the conventional method.

However, it is extremely difficult to remove adsorbed contaminants on soil’s surface even by this

method. In order to overcome this problem and improve the method, ion-exchange reaction was

proposed. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the combined effect of freeze-thaw and

ion-exchange for remediation of fine-grained soil.

A series of freeze-thaw tests were conducted to remove natural potassium ions from Kizuchi clay

by changing freezing conditions such as temperature gradient, freezing speed, type of freezing

and the number of repetition of freeze-thaw. As for washing agent, pure water, 0.37 and 0.10

mol/L of ammonium acetate solutions were compared. The test specimen was frozen from the

bottom side to top direction while washing agent was supplied from the top side. The specimen

was thawed almost instantly and the drainage was taken from the bottom side of the specimen to

measure potassium level. Furthermore, the distribution of potassium concentration was measured

in the freeze-thawed specimen. The potassium concentration was obtained by atomic absorption

spectrometry.

Conclusions are as follows; (1) Ammonium acetate solution was effective to remove natural

potassium in the freeze-thaw process but pure water was not. (2) Level of potassium

concentration in the drainage increased with the repetition of freeze-thaw. (3) Remediation

efficiency was increased with greater temperature gradient, slower freezing speed and increased

number of repetition.

Keywords: Soil contamination; Washing technology; Fine-grained soil; Frost heave

phenomenon; Ion-exchange reaction

The construction of transport infrastructure on permafrost soils

Vladimir M. Ulitsky, Elena V. Gorodnova

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, the Chair “Soils and

Foundations”, 9 Moskovsky pr., Saint Petersburg, 190031, Russia


The issues associated with freezing and thawing of soils in the subsoil of a complex of port

facilities including transport infrastructure have been considered. The solution of thermal-

physical problems of freezing, frost heave and thawing of soils has been made in spatial domain;

the results of calculations are compared with the practical values. Numerical simulation of the

problem of stability of structures on permafrost soils allowed predicting a possible soil thawing

depth in time and optimizing the use of modern thermal insulation materials. The proposed

calculation methods will provide reducing cost of development of transport infrastructure and

port facilities under construction in the important northern regions of Russia.

Keywords: Railroad bed; soil freezing and thawing; permafrost soil; freezing boundary; transport

infrastructure; numerical modeling

Problems and technologies of offshore permafrost investigation

Andrei S.Lokteva , Mikhail Y.Tokarev

b, Eugeny M.Chuvilin

c

aMarine Research Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

bLomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

cSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia

Tel.: +007 911 3024593. E-mail: [email protected]

The article describes the state of the art methods and technics of soil investigation in specific

Arctic offshore areas. Underwater sediments can be frozen and hazardous for various offshore

constructions, particularly, for marine pipelines, platforms and near-shore terminals. Sub-bottom

permafrost is an object of special investigation and technologies. The zone is currently exposed

to severe climate and was chilled for a long time in the past. Reliable thickness of offshore

permafrost is up to 100m according to direct methods. Both top and bottom permafrost are

hardly detectable offshore. Special knowledge and good experience are indispensable even to

recognize its location and extent.

Standard methods are not always applicable for its recognition, that is why more sophisticated

technique is required. Combination of integrated approaches is the only way to detect marine

permafrost and characterize its properties and location.

Keywords: permafrost, Arctic offshore, in-situ testing, geohazard

Calculations of thermal stabilization of transport embankments and their bases

Vladimir N. Paramonova, Igor I. Sakharov

b

aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., Saint

Petersburg, 190031, Russia bSt. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2 Krasnoarmeyskaya str.,

Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia

Tel.: +7-921-405-0138; fax: +7-812-314-9013.


During the construction of roads and railways in permafrost conditions methods of stabilization

of soils using Thermosyphons have become very popular. In the design of such systems only an

estimate of temperature field in the soil is carried out. At the same time it have been noted that

the freezing of thawed soil is accompanied by the processes of frost heaving. There is a definite

interest in the use of inclined and horizontal thermosyphons. In the article the examples of the

calculations of changes of temperature fields and the stress-strain state of the embankment and

its base in the annual cycle with the use of inclined thermosyphons are presented. The known

program «Termoground» developed with the participation of the authors was used for the

calculations. It is suggested that in the design of thermal stabilization of soil the calculations only

of change of temperature fields in the soil are insufficient. It is also necessary the forecast of the

deformations of heaving and thawing.

Keywords: thermosyphon, frost heaving, stress-strain state

A Case Study of a Cut Slope Failure Influenced by Snowmelt and Rainfall

Akira Mori, Srikrishna Siva Subramanian, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Masahiro Komatsu

Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-

8628, Japan.

East Nippon Expressway company, Hokkaido branch, Ohyachi Nishi 5, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo

004-8512, Japan

Tel.: +81-011-706-6203; fax: +81-011-706-6203.


In cold regions, frequent incidents of soil slope failures occur due to snowmelt and rainfall.

These failures are triggered by an increase in the degree of saturation of soil due to infiltration of

water derived from rainfall and snowmelt. This study investigates a soil slope failure occurred on

November 27, 2015 at a cut slope of an expressway in Hokkaido, Japan. The soil slope failure is

investigated using a recommended stability assessment approach considering non-isothermal

coupled seepage flow simulation followed by a limit equilibrium slope stability analysis. It is

concluded that at the thawing period, the slope stability is affected by rainfall and snowmelt

water infiltration and later in November the failure happened due to overflow of water from a

drainage ditch.

Keywords: slope failure; snowmelt water; rainfall infiltration; drainage ditch breakage;

numerical modelling

Session 12

19 May 2017 9:00-10:45

Transport facilities influence on underground structures

Geotechnical analysis of structural behaviour under complex geological engineering

conditions

Геотехнический анализ работы сооружений в сложных инженерно-геологических

условиях

Andrey V. Benin, Elena V. Gorodnova

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg Russia

Construction of deep foundation ditch under a reconstructed multi-storey building on the

main avenue of St.Petersburg

Строительство фундамента глубокого заложения под реконструируемым

многоэтажным зданием на главном проспекте Санкт-Петербурга

Mangushev R., Osokin A.

St.Petersburg State Civil Engineering University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Innovative technology for repair of culverts in conditions of constant intense water flow

Инновационная технология ремонта водопропускных сооружений в условиях

постоянного интенсивного водотока

Perminov A.N. a, Safonov I.P.

b, Perminov N.A.

c

aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,

bPermanent Way Department of Oktyabrskaya Railway, Saint Petersburg, Russia,

cSUE "Lengiproinzhproject", Saint Petersburg, Russia,

Different approaches to the Reconstruction of Vosstaniya Square in St. Petersburg

Различные подходы к реконструкции площади Восстания в Санкт-Петербурге

Yu.A. Nikitina, Antonina I. Ushakova

b

aEmperor Alexander I Saint-Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

bSaint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Underground works and tunnel monitoring

Мониторинг подземных работ и тоннелей

Giovanni Caloni

Sisgeo Srl, Milano, Italy

Geotechnical analysis of structural behaviour under complex geological engineering conditions

Andrey V. Benin, Elena V. Gorodnova

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9, Moskovsky pr., St. Petersburg

Russia, 190031


The article deals with the effect the geological engineering conditions have on the behaviour of

structures under conditions of North-Western soft soils. A structural survey conducted at an oil

refinery in the Leningrad region showed numerous faults and damages caused by settlements of

the bearing structures and their foundations. Traces of leakages on the retaining walls of the

pumphouse as well as next to the pipeline inlets witness a man-triggered raise of the ground

water level.

Crack formation in bottoms and walls of the aerotanks and sludge tanks was also denoted. It

might be caused by the reduction of foundation soil bearing capacity. In its turn, deterioration of

physical and mechanical features of the foundation soil is linked to the change in the

hydrological regime of the area, which is proved by rich seepage of ground waters through the

cracks in tanks.

Having analyzed the structural and geological engineering conditions the authors recommend

elaborating and performing a project to restore the proper working order of structures.

Keywords: Geological engineering conditions; faults and damages; retaining walls; structural

units

Construction of deep foundation ditch under a reconstructed multi-storey building on the main

avenue of St.Petersburg

Mangushev R., Osokin A.

Geotechnical Department, St.Petersburg State Civil Engineering University, Saint-Petersburg,

190005,Russia

Tel.: +7- 812-316-03-41. E-mail: [email protected]

The reconstruction of the former administrative building of the beginning of the 19th century in

the center of St. Petersburg on the main avenue and adaptation it to the modern Hotel is

considered. The new 6-storey building is done as a concrete frame with max height 27,7 m. The

underground floor 66,9 x 20,09 m for parking and technical rooms is planned under the whole

area of the building. The 4-5 storey brick block of flats and 3-5 storey administrative building,

the historical memorial, adjoin to the building under the reconstruction. The adjacent buildings

have cracks and defects due to general wear, rigidity decrease of the building and low

deformation characteristics of the soil. The soft water saturated soil under the basement become

thixotropic under insignificant dynamic effect (transport, seasonal freezing and etc). Prior to

dissembling the building it was done the monitoring of the adjacent buildings and the

reinforcement of their foundations using the method of injecting cement grout into foundation

and erecting 75 tilted anchor piles 25 m long, 200 mm diameter according to “Titan”

Technology. The protection walls of the excavated pit for underground space in the

reconstructed building was done by metal sheet pile “Arselor 37-700”13,5 m long, boring piles

27m long and diameter 410 mm. Additionally jet-grouting piles were erected to the depth min 2

meters from the footing of the existed foundation along the break walls of the adjacent buildings.

While excavating the pit in order to provide the sheet pile stability, the strut from metal pipes

was done. In order to make pile base under the frame of the building 162 bore piles 27 m long

and diameter 550 mm were used. The piles were made according to the Drilling Displacement

System (DDS) technology. Scheme of constructive decisions are given. The monitoring during

the foundation construction and the beginning of the upper part construction showed that the

additional settlement of the adjacent buildings did not exceed 20 mm, the limited allowance for

this type of the building.

Keywords: Key words: reconstruction of the building, main avenue, underground for parking,

reinforcement of the foundations, injecting cement, bore piles, foundation settlements,

monitoring.

Innovative technology for repair of culverts in conditions of constant intense water flow

Perminov A.N. a, Safonov I.P.

b, Perminov N.A.

c

aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,

bPermanent Way Department of Oktyabrskaya Railway, Saint Petersburg, Russia,

cSUE "Lengiproinzhproject", Saint Petersburg, Russia,

Tel.: +79219402684. e-mail: [email protected]

The proposed innovative technology "Saturn" is suitable for the repair of all types of culverts on

the Russian railways, especially for the repair and reconstruction of the pipes under the

conditions of permanent intense watercourse, with unusual (non-typical) design solutions, as

well as for pipes located in remote sections where it is difficult to arrange construction sites.

The developed innovative repair technology has been successfully applied to the Oktyabrskaya

Railway, or October Railway, since 2013 for repair and reconstruction of stone and concrete

culverts of long-term operation and pipes of various outlines of openings ranging in size from

1.5 m to 4.2 m, including in the conditions of permanent watercourse, while a pipe is filled by

flow up to 1.6 m of its section.

Keywords: innovative technology, repair, culverts, intense water flow.

Different approaches to the Reconstruction of Vosstaniya Square in St. Petersburg

Yu.A. Nikitina, Antonina I. Ushakova

b

aEmperor Alexander I Saint-Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

bSaint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia


The paper is devoted to the analysis of project proposals for the construction of the multi-

functional underground complex at Vosstaniya Square in St. Petersburg. It shows various options

for the reconstruction of the complex transport hub to address broad social and urban problems.

The first project proposals date back to the early 80-ies of XX century and provided for the

creation of a transport tunnel in the cross-section of Ligovsky Prospekt and development of

tunnel space under the square connected to the Moscow railway station. Later, commercial

proposals were submitted providing for private investment in the construction of underground

shopping malls and parking lots, which failed to address the problem of public transport. At the

beginning of this century, the idea of a tunnel under Vosstaniya Square was readdressed.

Keywords: underground construction; multifunctional underground complexes; transport

tunnels; traffic safety; separation of traffic and pedestrian flows

Session 13

19 May 2017 11:00-12:45

Stability of slopes

The specifities of landslides danger assessment accepted in Eurocode

Особенности оценки локальной оползневой опасности на основе Еврокодов

D.D. Shubina, I.K. Fomenko, D.N. Gorobtsov

Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Moscow, Russia

Wear degree assessment of low-pressure earth dams within urban landscape

Оценка степени износа низконапорных грунтовых плотин в пределах

урболандшафта

Tamila Titova, Rasul Akhtyamov, Elina Nasyrova


Effect of a stiff thin foundation soil layer’s depth on dynamic response of an embankment

dam

Влияние мощности жесткого тонкого слоя грунта основания на динамические

характеристики насыпи дамбы

Talal Awwada , Modar Donia

b, Lana Awwad

c

aEurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan;

bDamascus University, Damascus, Syria.

cSection of Dams and Hydraulic structures, Ministry of water resources, Damascus, Syria.

The behavior estimation of the soil constructions at transport infrastructure with its

reinforcement by man-made materials with using of physical modelling and testing

Физическое моделирование и тестирование в оценке эффекта армирующих грунт

материалов на объектах инфраструктуры транспорта

Vinogradov V.V., Zaytsev A.A. , Frolovsky Y.K.

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II,Moscow, Russia

Protection of the transport infrastructure from influence of landslides by suspension

grouting

Применение инъекциионных методов закрепления склонов для защиты

транспортных объектов от оползней

Ponomarev A.A., Zerkal O.V., Samarin E.N.

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

The application of anisotropy of soil properties in the probabilistic analysis of landslides

activity

Использование анизотропии прочности грунтов при вероятностном анализе

развития оползней

Fomenko I.K.a, Zerkal O.V.

b

a Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MSGU-RSGPU), ,

Moscow, Russia b Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Moscow, Russia

The specifities of landslides danger assessment accepted in Eurocode

D.D. Shubina, I.K. Fomenko, D.N. Gorobtsov

Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MSGU-RSGPU),

Miklouho-Maklay's street 23, Moscow 117997, Russia


The following article is related to different ways of slope stability assessment accepted in the

Eurocodes and national codes of practice. The landslides studying history is briefly considered.

The Eurocode 7 and 8 structure is described and some features of their application are listed.

Differences between deterministic and probabilistic methods are shown. Examples of stability

design schemes based on limiting equilibrium and also with seismic loads are given. The aspects

of the slope reliability estimation using the reliability index are considered. Some disadvantages

of reviewed slope stability assessment ways are listed and some recommendations for the new

Codes of practice development are given.

Keywords: Eurocodes; landslides; slope stability assessment; risk estimation.

Wear degree assessment of low-pressure earth dams within urban landscape

Tamila Titova, Rasul Akhtyamov, Elina Nasyrova

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, 190031, Russia

Tel.: +7-962-52-52-772. E-mail: [email protected].

The article considers the safety of geotechnical structures, namely low-pressure earth dams,

operating within urban landscape without qualified staff and test equipment. The main content of

the research is the analysis of factors leading to the dam destruction, which in the work are

divided into climatic, anthropogenic and water impact. The authors have developed a wear

indicator of earth dam (U), including various types of water impact (biological, physico-

chemical and mechanical), over time leading to the destruction of the dam. For each type of

water impact offers conditions and formulas for conversion in dimensionless form for the

subsequent calculation of wear indicator. In the analysis the types of water impact, determined

by meteorological parameters, it is recommended to use a Gumbel double exponential

distribution. In the evaluation of earth dams wear degree it is proposed to group the dam within

one functional area of urban landscape (e.g. industrial or residential), or for the appointment of

the water body. In the case of complete wear of an earth dam. (U>0,7) requires detailed

assessment of a dam with participation of qualified specialists and application instrumentation.

Keywords: urban landscape; earth dam; wear; water impact; Gumbel distribution.

Effect of a stiff thin foundation soil layer’s depth on dynamic response of an embankment dam

Talal Awwada , Modar Donia

b, Lana Awwad

c

aEurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan;

bDamascus University, Damascus, Syria.

cSection of Dams and Hydraulic structures, Ministry of water resources, Damascus, Syria.

Tel.:+7-702-744-6879. E-mail: [email protected]

In 2002, Zeyzoun Dam failure, that is an embankment dam located at the northwest of Syria,

made a big Awareness of the effects of the lack of Geotechnical investigations and seismic

conditions of the site of the dam. The dam located, in the vicinity of the Dead Sea fault, which

emphasizes the importance of analyzing the effects of lithological stratum in dam foundations on

dam seismic stability. This paper is concerned with the influence of a high permeable soil layer

that has different static and dynamic properties, and exists at different depths in dam foundation.

Numerical models arepreparedto analyze that effectbyapplying finite element method and

considering seepage, dynamic analysis and slope stability. The results shows thatphreatic line

rises in the dam body because of decreasing in permeable layer depth, which is resulting in two

effects, The first is increasing in pore-water pressure, and destabilizing forces in dam body, The

second is decreasing in stabilizing forces and factors of safety.The effective stresses decrease

above phreatic line due to decreasing in suction pressure, and will decrease under phreatic line

due to increasing in pore water pressure. The foundation stratum has a damping effect of

decreasing the factor of safety under seismic conditions by 5%, except the case where Layer 3-1

is located near ground level (where the dam failed), where it has amplification effect.

Keywords: Slope stability; Seepage; embankment dam; dynamic analysis.

The behavior estimation of the soil constructions at transport infrastructure with its

reinforcement by man-made materials with using of physical modelling and testing

Vinogradov V.V., Zaytsev A.A. , Frolovsky Y.K.

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II, Obraztsov str. 9

stroenie 9,Moscow,109994,Russia

Tel.: +7-495-684-22-06; fax: +7-495-684-22-06.


Mechanical stabilized earth walls with reinforcing of the man-made materials are widely applied

in Russia on the railway and highway track infrastructure for the last ten years. During last years

it is the transport infrastructure in Sankt-Petersburg, Moscow and Sochi regions. This study was

provided for better understanding of the behavior of soil constructions at transport infrastructure

and its separate elements using some methods: historical technical evolution analysis, laboratory

testing and physical modeling on the centrifuge. Friction coefficient between a reinforcing

element and a fill soil takes direct part in internal stability analysis of construction. Its value

depends both on type of a reinforcing material, and from filler (sand, gravel and other soil types).

The special device was designed for the tests and definition of factor of an internal friction

between the geogrid and soil. Some experiments have been conducted for the reinforcing

element.

Keywords: transport infrastructure, man-made materials, physical modelling, testing

Protection of the transport infrastructure from influence of landslides by suspension grouting

Ponomarev A.A., Zerkal O.V., Samarin E.N.

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gori 1, Moscow,119991, Russia

Tel.: +79852411930. E-mail: [email protected]

Construction and operation of transport infrastructure in the mountainous areas is an extremely

important task. The complex structural-tectonic conditions with highly broken relief contribute

to the development of modern landslide processes. Unexpected landslide activity carries a

significant threat to both the road and transport infrastructure, as well as the life and health of

people who use it. There are now known many different methods for protection of transport

infrastructure by landslides, but the classic methods are not sufficiently effective to ensure

reliable work of roads in mountainous areas and the considerable material costs involved are not

justified. The reason for this is often the heterogeneity of a soil in composition and properties. A

solution to this problem is to use suspension grouting to stabilize the landslide body. It was

found that the injection of cement slurries with high water-cement ratio is only possible in

weathered mudstone with cracks width> 10 mm, with injection pressure less than 6 atm. In this

case, there is a uniform filling of cracks at a distance of 1, 5-2,0 meters from the injector. When

the injection pressure increase occurs the hydraulic fracturing with the output hydraulic cement

slurry to the surface. Processing of dense unweathered mudstone by suspension of colloidal

silica with a concentration of 29% is possible to obtain a solid array with high strength

characteristics that do not change even after 10 cycles of soaking/drying.

Keywords: slope stabilization; grouting; landslides

The application of anisotropy of soil properties in the probabilistic analysis of landslides activity

Fomenko I.K., Zerkal O.V.



Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia


In practice, in the performance of engineering and geological surveys anisotropy of soil strength

is often considered not fully.

One of the main problems in modeling the stability of rock landslide is an objective

consideration of the influence of the parameters of cracks and other surface section on the

calculation results. On the one hand, the study of fracture is always a certain measurement error,

on the other, that the strength against cracking, in many cases, will determine the stability of the

rock mass. It appears that the most promising approach is the simulation of fracture using the

anisotropy of soil strength calculations of rock landslides.

The article considers the influence of the anisotropy of the strength of the slope of the array of

soil on the results of quantitative assessment of the overall stability of the slope. Strength criteria

are considered grounds for taking account of anisotropy, the limitations of existing approaches to

quantify the stability of slopes, describes the principles of probabilistic analysis in the analysis of

the anisotropy of the strength properties of the soil. The possibility of obtaining estimates of

probability of landslide deformation, which can then be used in geological risk analysis.

Keywords: landslides; anisotropy of soil properties; the strength criteria; stability assessment;

probabilistic analysis.

Session 14

19 May 2017 11:00-12:45

Use of geosynthetics in road construction

Finite Element Analysis of Flexible Pavement with Geogrids

Конечноэлементный анализ гибкого покрытия, армированного георешетками

S.K.Ahirwar, J.N. Mandal

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam: preliminary characteristic evaluation

Пенополистирол EPS : предварительная оценка свойств

Y. Z. Beju, J. N. Mandal

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India

Improving of performance characteristics during mechanical stabilization of quarry haul

roads with stiff polymeric Tensar Triax hexagonal geogrid

Повышение эксплуатационных характеристик при механической стабилизации

карьерных автодорог гексагональной георешеткой Tensar Triax

G.V. Solovyeva, K.I. Vatchnadze

b

aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

bANCO «NII STT», Moscow, Russia

Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slopes in Cohesive Soils Subject to Seismic Action

Склоны из связных грунтов, армированных геосинтетическими материалами,

находящиеся под сейсмическим воздействием

Akram H. Abdab

, Stefano Utilic

aUniversity of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

bTikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

cUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

Application of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) to Test Aggregate Layers

on Geosynthetic Base

Применение дефлектометра падающего груза (FWD, УДН) для оценки свойств

грунтов с основанием из геоматериалов

Maria J. Sulewskaa, Grzegorz Bartnik

b

aBialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland

bWarsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Finite element modelling of unpaved road reinforced with geosynthetics

Моделирование методом конечных элементов дороги без покрытия, армированной

геоматериалами

Lidia Sarah Calvarano, Giovanni Leonardi, Rocco Palamara

Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy

Finite Element Analysis of Flexible Pavement with Geogrids

S.K.Ahirwar, J.N. Mandal

Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai –

400076, India


Geogrids is being increasingly used as a reinforced material in various divisions of civil

engineering. The flexible pavement is the one of major area, where the needs of improvement in

performance of pavement service life, base course and subgrade. The finite element method is a

best suitable tool for solving problems related to nonlinear nature of materials. The objective of

this article to access the functioning of geogrids in flexible pavement through finite element

analysis with PLAXIS 2D software. The Mohr-coulomb model used for materials in the base

layer,sub-base layer and subgrade layer and elastic model interface element used for geogrids to

simulate the interaction condition. The triangular element of 15-noded is used for layers of

pavements. The traffic intensity and thickness of each layer was use according to codal

provisions of Indian road congress (IRC: 37-2012). In the present study, axis-symmetric model is

used in the PLAXIS 2D for investigating the effect of axial stiffness of geogrids in the pavement

at different thickness of base layer. The finite element analysis results shows the reduction in

vertical surface deformation when the geogrids were added between the pavement layers. Results

of previously published research shows the improvement in pavement performance when

geogrids used as a reinforcement.

Keywords: Finite element method; geogrids; Pavement; Stiffness; Deformation.

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam: preliminary characteristic evaluation

Y. Z. Beju, J. N. Mandal

Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai – 400

076, India

Tel.: +91-916-776-9109; fax: +91-222-576-7302.


Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam is a fascinating area in the field of geotechnical

engineering and its service life is comparable to other construction materials. It can be used for

backfilling embankments and highways both vertical and sloped sides. Moreover, it has been

used as a compressible inclusion behind retaining walls, above pipelines, tunnels or culverts and

below slabs or beams at a foundation. In the present study, an attempt has been made to

comprehend the behavior of EPS geofoam using different laboratory tests such as water

absorption test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and triaxial test. The shear

strength behavior of EPS geofoam was examined through a series of triaxial tests conducted for

confining pressure of 50, 100 and 150 kPa. The tests have been carried out on EPS geofoam

samples of three different densities, 12, 15 and 20 kg/m3. The behavior of EPS geofoam in

compression is a function of density, strain rate and sample size. The higher density of EPS

geofoam develops high compressive strength and the size of prismatic specimen of EPS geofoam

affects the modulus values. The flexural strength of EPS geofoam increases with the increase in

density. Higher density test specimen failed at lower deformation due to increase in the stiffness

with an increase in density. The triaxial test results indicated that the cohesion and angle of

internal friction of EPS geofoam increase with an increase in density. However, the cohesion is

found to be the major parameter which contributes the shear strength of EPS geofoam. The water

absorption capacity of EPS geofoam was found very less and also decreased with an increase in

density.

Keywords: EPS geofoam; Deformation; Density; Cohesion; Angle of internal friction

Improving of performance characteristics during mechanical stabilization of quarry haul roads

with stiff polymeric Tensar Triax hexagonal geogrid

G.V. Solovyeva, K.I. Vatchnadze

b

aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.

Petersburg, 190031, Russia bANCO «NII STT», Nizhnyaya Krasnoselskaya str., 13, Moscow, 105066, Russia

Tel: 7 921 341 58 98. E-mail: [email protected]

During the construction and operation of quarry haul roads by large dump trucks the employees

of mining companies face a number of problems caused by inhomogeneity and low deformation

characteristics of foundation soils. This results in high rutting of the road topping, inability to

operate during the spring and autumn period, increased consumption of fuel and expensive

elements of the running gear of the dump trucks because of the poor state of quarry roads. To

solve these problems, experimental laying of the Tensar TriAx stabilizing hexagonal geogrid was

performed during the construction of a quarry road. This article describes the course of the

experiment, including the production technology of the work, modeling of operation by quarry

dump trucks during the unfavorable period, assessment of the increase of deformation

characteristics of the construction and the reduce of rutting of the road topping after applying the

hexagonal geogrid. In the course of the experiment it was concluded that the positive effect of

the hexagonal geogrid use in the construction and operation of quarry haul roads is significant.

Keywords: hexagonal geogrid; rutting; modulus of deformation; stamp test; stabilization.

Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slopes in Cohesive Soils Subject to Seismic Action

Akram H. Abdab

, Stefano Utilic

aUniversity of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

bTikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

cUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

Tel.: +44 (0)19120 86414. E-mail: [email protected]

Currently, geosynthetic reinforcements are calculated assuming the backfill to be purely

frictional. However, accounting for the presence of even a modest amount of cohesion may

allow using locally available cohesive backfills to a greater extent and less overall reinforcement.

Unlike purely frictional backfills, cohesive soils present are subject to the formation of cracks

that tend to reduce slope stability which therefore need to be properly accounted for in any slope

stability assessment.

Utili & Abd derived a semi-analytical method for uniform c-

presence of cracks that provides the amount of reinforcement needed as a function of soil

cohesion, tensile strength, angle of shearing resistance and slope inclination employing the limit

analysis upper bound method.

In this paper the formulation is extended to the seismic case, accounting for earthquake action by

employing the pseudo-static approach. Ready to use design charts providing the value of the

required reinforcement are plotted for both uniform and linearly increasing reinforcement

distributions. From the results it emerges that accounting for the presence of cohesion allows

significant savings to be made, but the presence of seismic action may require considerable

additional reinforcement.

Keywords: upper bound; limit analysis; reinforcement design; slope stability; crack; cohesive

soils.

Application of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) to Test Aggregate Layers on

Geosynthetic Base

Maria J. Sulewskaa, Grzegorz Bartnik

b

aBialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul.

Wiejska 45E , 15-351 Bialystok, Poland bWarsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637

Warsaw, Poland

Tel.:+ 48-22-234-56-94; fax: +48-22-825-89-46.


The article presents an analysis of the results of research on aggregate layers placed on weak soil

reinforced with geosynthetic conducted by using Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD).

Measurements of geotechnical parameters have been carried out on the test bench in the

laboratory. The tested subgrade comprised of layers: a reinforcement in the form of non-woven

geotextile was laid on a layer of a weak soil subgrade, and then the geosynthetic was embedded

with a crushed-stone aggregate. A weak subgrade was modeled by using various number of

plastic sheets. Tests results were involved statistical analysis, obtained regression models of

dependent variables E1, E2 demonstrate high prediction capability; relative error in predicting of

models is ± 25%. It was not, however, possible to obtain Is models, useful in engineering

practice and based on results from Light Falling Weight Deflectometer tests.

Keywords: geosynthetics; subgrade, load bearing capacity; Light Falling Weight Deflectometer

Finite element modelling of unpaved road reinforced with geosynthetics

Lidia Sarah Calvarano, Giovanni Leonardi, Rocco Palamara

Department of Civil Engineering, Energy, Environment and Materials (DICEAM), Mediterranea

University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy

Tel.: +39-0965 1692306; fax: +390965 1692201. E-mail: [email protected]

The technique of soil mechanical stabilization, using geosynthetics, is extensively used in the

construction of unpaved roads with a low volume of traffic. Unpaved roads consist of unbound

granular bases overlying cohesive subgrades. When built on weak subgrades, these roads are

subject to problems like excessive rutting and mud-pumping, increasing maintenance costs and

usually leading to periodic interruptions to traffic. Particularly, the field applications of

geosynthetic reinforcement placed above a weak subgrade can markedly improve the

performance of these roads decreasing permanent vertical deformations, increasing lateral

restraint ability, which results in increased pavement service life or reduced base thickness to

carry the same number of load repetitions. This paper focuses on providing a numerical

investigation using a bi-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM), using ABAQUS software,

to analyze the improvement of reinforced unpaved road under repeated wheel traffic load

conditions in terms of aggregate base course thickness saving.

Keywords: Geosynthetics, unpaved road, design methods, FEM analysis.

Session 15

19 May 2017 11:00-12:45

Problems of underground construction in complex geotechnical conditions

Structural response of existed metro tunnels to adjacent large-section pipe jacking

construction

Реакция существующих тоннелей метро на сооружение трубопровода крупными

блоками методом продавливания

Bo Liu, Dingwen Zhang, Lei Fang

School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China

The uplift behavior of a subway station during different degree of soil liquefaction

Подъемная сила станции метрополитена при разной степени разжижения грунта

Ji-Lei Hu,·Hua-Bei Liu

School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,

Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

Geomechanical Tasks Solving in Modelling of Temporary Support Parameters in Sochi

Tunnels

Решение задач геомеханики при моделировании конструктивно-технологических

параметров временной крепи тоннелей

Pr. Tatiana V. Ivanes, Pr. Vladimir N. Kavkazskiy, Mikhail I. Shidakov

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Influence evaluation of buildings constructed in protected zone on St.Petersburg subway

underground structures stress-strain state

Оценка воздействия строящихся в охранной зоне зданий и сооружений на

напряженно-деформированное состояние подземных объектов метрополитена

Санкт-Петербурга

Lediаev A.P., Konkov A.N., Novikov A.L., Soloviev D.A.


Development of tunnel dismantling machine (TDM) in MTR West Island Line project

Разработка тоннелепроходческой машины для проекта строительства MTR West

Island Line

P.L. Ng a, T.N.D.R. Barrett

b, G. Roux

c, S. Polycarpe

d, M. Gonzalez

e

aFormerly Dragages-Maeda-BSG Joint Venture, Hong Kong, China

bMTR Corporation Limited, Hong Kong, China

cCSM Bessac, Saint Jory, France

dDragages Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China

Scientific substantiation of constructive-technological parameters of St. Petersburg subway

underground structures

Научное обоснование конструктивно-технологических параметров подземных

сооружений метрополитена в условиях Санкт-Петербурга

Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Larionov A.A.

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Appraisal of highway tunnels construction on the active railroad tunnel operational

reliability in the city of Sochi

Оценка степени влияния проходки автотранспортных тоннелей на

эксплуатационную надежность действующего железнодорожного тоннеля

Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Svintsov E.S.


Development of the fastening design of the underground structure immersed in water-

saturated soils of St. Petersburg, from floating up

Разработка конструкции закрепления подземного сооружения, размещенного в

водонасыщенных грунтах Санкт-Петербурга, от всплытия

Andrei A. Ananev

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russian

Federation

Structural response of existed metro tunnels to adjacent large-section pipe jacking construction

Bo Liu, Dingwen Zhang, Lei Fang

School of Transportation, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China

Tel.: +86 15951812310. E-mail: [email protected]

A rectangular pedestrian underpass of 94.5m long, 7m wide and 4.3m high was constructed

across the existed metro tunnels using pipe jacking method. The minimum distance from

underpass bottom to tunnel crown was 4.5m. In order to investigate the effects of pipe jacking on

existed underlying tunnels, the instruments were installed in the tunnels and structural responses

were extensively monitored. Based on the field observations, the vertical displacement,

horizontal displacement and diameter convergence of the tunnel were analyzed. The results

indicate that in the whole pipe jacking process, the tunnel vertical displacement mainly goes

through three different stages, namely, initial settlement stage, quick heave stage and steady

heave stage. The horizontal displacement of ballast bed is much smaller than that of tunnel

crown and is almost negligible. The tunnel was horizontally compressed and vertically stretched

after pipe jacking construction. Pipe jacking construction has a greater effect on the tunnel

structures just below the underpass than that beyond the width scope of underpass, whether it is

vertical displacement, horizontal displacement or diameter convergence of the tunnel.

Keywords: Structural response; Metro tunnel, Pipe jacking, Field Monitoring

The uplift behavior of a subway station during different degree of soil liquefaction

Ji-Lei Hu,·Hua-Bei Liu

School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,

Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

Tel.: +86-27-8755-7960; fax: +86-27-8755-7960.


The large underground structures, such as the subway station, deposited in the saturated

liquefiable soils are easily subjected to severe damages due to the liquefaction-induced uplift in

the strong earthquake. Existing researches of the liquefaction-induced uplift primarily focused on

the seismic response of underground structures after soil liquefaction. However, relatively little

effort has been dedicated to discussing the uplift behavior in the beginning of soil liquefaction

during earthquakes and after soil post-liquefaction when the earthquake stopped. A subway

station deposited at different buried depths within different relative density sands suffered from a

moderate earthquake was simulated by a Finite Element and Finite Difference (FE-FD) Coupled

Method to detect the issue in this study. It was found that soil liquefaction induced by the

earthquake loading was a precondition of the uplift trigger, but not a basic reason, both sinking

and floatation failure could take place during soil liquefaction. The degree and the area of soil

liquefaction surrounding the underground structure and the surrounding soil squeezing into the

bottom of the flowing underground structure after seismic liquefaction were the fundamental

conditions. The results also showed that when the uplift response occurred, the uplift

displacement slowly developed between the elementary liquefaction and the complete

liquefaction, and then rapidly developed after the complete liquefaction, but did not cease

immediately when the earthquake stopped, whereas still slowly developed, and then settled in

some extent with the dissipation of excess pore water pressure.

Keywords: Earthquakes; Uplift behavior; Degree of liquefaction; Numerical analysis; Subway

station

Geomechanical Tasks Solving in Modelling of Temporary Support Parameters in Sochi Tunnels

Pr. Tatiana V. Ivanes, Pr. Vladimir N. Kavkazskiy, Mikhail I. Shidakov

Department of Tunnels and Undergrounds, Emperor Alexander I State Transport University,

Moskovsky pr.,9, Saint-Petersburg 190031, Russia

Student of the Faculty of Transport Infrastructure Engineering, PGUPS, Moskovsky pr.,9, Saint-

Petersburg 190031, Russia

Tel.: +7-906-2671274. E-mail: [email protected]

Mining method in tunnel construction requires a proper choice and justification of the type of a

temporary support. This aspect is highly related to choosing of an appropriate tunnel excavation

assembling method. Features of a temporary support influent various factors which tunnel

construction process depends on. The study provides relevant Geomechanical tasks defined

using Mathematical Modeling. The Department of Tunnels and Undergrounds of Petersburg

State Transport University elaborated particular design models and conducted calculations using

Finite Element Method to solve a number of Geomechanical tasks occurred during construction

of Sochi Tunnels. The study finds out that the project-provided measures did not fully prevent an

emergence of soil collapsing zones, though the mountain pressure was totally accomplished by

the temporary support in this particular researched case.

Keywords: Geomechanical tasks; tunnels; temporary support; excavation stability

Influence evaluation of buildings constructed in protected zone on St.Petersburg subway

underground structures stress-strain state

Lediаev A.P., Konkov A.N., Novikov A.L., Soloviev D.A.

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovsky Ave, 9, 190031, St. Petersburg,

Russia


Building in protected zones of subway can seriously influence on stress-strain state and

operational reliability of underground structures. It should be noted that till nowadays there are

no normative documents which regulate the permissible additional load on various types of

underground subway constructions, the grade of acceptable approaching of the foundations and

piles elements and common attitude to protected area dimensions of different underground

constructions and other important factors.

There is practical need in developing of criterion of permissibility evaluation of ground

construction in the St. Petersburg subway protected zone. The criterion depends on various

factors: type of underground structures, geotechnical conditions, the current technical state of

underground constructions, the allowed value of additional loads on them and other important

factors.

The article presents the algorithm for the influence evaluation of ground construction on

underground structures as well as the example of its practical realization during developing the

design solutions and during construction. There are examples of realization of proposed

methodology for influence evaluation of ground construction on various St. Petersburg metro

underground constructions.

Keywords: subway; underground facilities; maintenance reliability; evaluation of the influence

Development of tunnel dismantling machine (TDM) in MTR West Island Line project

P.L. Ng a, T.N.D.R. Barrett

b, G. Roux

c, S. Polycarpe

d, M. Gonzalez

e

aFormerly Dragages-Maeda-BSG Joint Venture, Hong Kong, China

bMTR Corporation Limited, Hong Kong, China

cCSM Bessac, Saint Jory, France

dDragages Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China

eBouygues Construction, Guyancourt, France

Tel.: +852-9587-5310; fax: +852-2559-5337.


The MTR West Island Line (WIL) project involved demolishing and backfilling a 132 m section

of the existing Overrun Tunnel (ORT) through complex geology beneath densely populated

urban area, in order to enable subsequent excavation of the WIL Down-track (westbound)

running tunnel by tunnel boring machine (TBM). To tackle the challenge while minimizing

construction risks, a bespoke tunnel dismantling machine (TDM) was innovated. The TDM

worked backwards from the operational railway interface inside the ORT to remove each lining

segment ring under 2.8 bar compressed air pressure, sprayed shotcrete lining for temporary

support, and backfilled the remaining void left underground. The crew behind the demolition

chamber of TDM worked under atmospheric pressure. Part of the backfilled tunnel was then re-

excavated by slurry TBM to form the re-aligned WIL Down-track running tunnel. The TDM was

able to accomplish the works safely and led to the successful opening of WIL. This paper

explicates the development of the world-wide unprecedented TDM and the construction process

of ORT demolition.

Keywords: Confinement; hyperbaric intervention; lining segment; shotcrete; tunnel dismantling

machine; tunneling

Scientific substantiation of constructive-technological parameters of St. Petersburg subway

underground structures

Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Larionov A.A.



The introduction in St. Petersburg of new efficient designs and construction methods allows

raising the pace of construction along with the reduction of the material structures. The idea

requires comprehensive research, including the theoretical rationale, the model research and field

observations at construction sites. The article highlights the experience of carrying out

comprehensive studies with the purpose of scientific justification of the progressive design and

technology solutions for the underground construction of the St. Petersburg subway. The results

of research using engineering and mathematical models of the stress-strain state of complex

Underground station structures are given. The practical significance of these findings is

confirmed when introducing new designs of columned and vaulted stations including the design

solutions adjustment of unique two-level combined transfer station "Sportivnaya". Significant

scientific work in reducing negative symptoms in the process of underground structures

construction is a complex research related to the implementation of excavation technologies

without the sediment of the surface. The article provides information about comprehensive

research to justify the feasibility of the excavation of the station tunnels and auxiliary tunnels

with the application of forepoling of the roof and brow.

Keywords: underground facilities, research on models, excavation technologies without the

sediment of the surface, application of forepoling of the roof and brow.

Appraisal of highway tunnels construction on the active railroad tunnel operational reliability in

the city of Sochi

Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Svintsov E.S.

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovsky Ave, 9, 190031, St. Petersburg,

Russia


The article highlights a set of researches performed to ensure the operational reliability of the

railway tunnel with the highway tunnels constructed above it in the city of Sochi. The tunnel

intersection on the highway includes 2 parallel tunnels with the length of 544,1 and 557,8

meters. Engineering-geological conditions are classified as complex: three tunnels on the

problem area are located in the low and reduced strength mudstone with the inclusion of lenses

and interlayers of Sandstone. According to the results of the theoretical research, limit value of

the strength and deformation parameters of railway tunnel lining were determined. Stress-strain

state of lining in nearly real-life conditions is determined. The work program for permanent

automated geodetic monitoring of the highway tunneling allowed us to obtain information about

possible changes in the technical state of railway tunnel lining. The complex of performed

measures allowed ensuring the safety of construction work of the highway tunnel and continuous

movement of Tuapse-Adler trains passing through central areas of Sochi.

Keywords: maintenance reliability, permanent automated geodetic monitoring, railway tunnel

Development of the fastening design of the underground structure immersed in water-saturated

soils of St. Petersburg, from floating up

Andrei A. Ananev

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2-ya Krasnoarmeiskaya

ul., 4, St. Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation

Tel.: +7-905-279-1972; fax: 8-812-316-0341.

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].

The practice of design shows that the need to develop explanations, recommendations and

examples of calculations to go with the essential requirements of the building rules. The author

has set the task to simplify the use of the requirements for the design and construction of soil

bases for cylinder open caissons. The objective of the work is to develop the fixing design of an

underground structure of 24 m in diameter and 15.6 m in height, immersed in an antifriction

jacket below the groundwater level to depth of 16,8 m, to prevent it from floating up. The article

describes the geological structure and soil characteristics of St. Petersburg, a characteristic

feature of which is the presence of groundwater horizons in the soils, complicating underground

constraction. Recommendations and explanations are given as to how to forecast the forces of

friction at the point of contact between the structure and the water-saturated soils. The

constractive scheme of securing embedded structure from floating up has been developed. The

methods of calculation and design of additional loads and ground anchors is described in detail.

The results of calculation and analysis have been performed to verify the probability of the open

caisson floating up due the action of the hydrostatic load. The main types of construction work

are cementation of the antifriction cavity, building on the perimeter of the well of a reinforced

collar rigidly connected with the front shaft, providing a sandy backfill as additional load for the

well, anchoring the bottom of the well using vertical ground anchors. The paper may be of

interest to designers working in the area of the design of underground structures.

Keywords: cylinder underground structure; groundwater; soils friction; calculation for floating

up; cementation of antifriction cavity; additional loads and ground anchors.

Session 16

19 May 2017 13:45-15:15

Pavement problems caused by the natural influences and due to repeated cars passages

Dynamic Shakedown Analysis of Flexible Pavements under Rolling and Sliding Contact

Considering Moving Speed

Оценка динамических эксплуатационных параметров нежесткого покрытия при

качении и скольжении с учетом скорости движения

Dai Yu-Chen, Qian Jian-Gu, Wang Yong-Gang, Huang Mao-Song

Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Integrated approach to using technology of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

Комплексный подход к применеию технологий восстановления асфальтового

покрытия

M.A. Lyubarskayaa, V.S. Merkusheva

b, P.A. Osian

c, A.A. Ilin

b, E.S. Svintsov

b

aSaint-Petersburg State University of Economics, ul. Sadovaya, d. 21, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

bEmperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-

Petersburg, Russia cBaltic Academy of Tourism and Entrepreneurship, JSC “Lemminkanen Stroy”, Saint-

Petersburg, ul. Petrozavodskaya, d.13, lit. A, Russia

Laboratory investigations on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for using it as base

course of flexible pavement

Лабораторные исследования восстановленного асфальтового покрытия

Dulal Chandra Saha, J. N. Mandal

Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT - Bombay.

Effective Repair and Refurbishment Compound for the Strengthening of a Road Concrete

Pavements

Эффективный ремонтно-восстановительный состав для укрепления дорожных

бетонных покрытий

T.I. Boykova, V.Y. Solovyova, D.V. Solovyov


Concrete For Road Pavements

Бетон для дорожных покрытий

Tatyana Boikova, Dmitry Solovyov, Valentina Solovyova


Application of fiber-reinforced concrete in tram track foundation

Опыт использования фибробетона в основании трамвайных путей

V.V. Garbaruk, E.P. Dudkin , V.A. Ivliev


Dynamic Shakedown Analysis of Flexible Pavements under Rolling and Sliding Contact

Considering Moving Speed

Dai Yu-Chen, Qian Jian-Gu, Wang Yong-Gang, Huang Mao-Song

Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China


Pavement subjected to the traffic load above shakedown limit is predicted to exhibit accumulated

plastic strains that eventually lead to failure within the pavement system. Shakedown theory is a

valid approach to estimating the critical shakedown load level. In this study, a dynamic

shakedown method for computing the shakedown limit of pavement is presented based on the

lower-bound theorem of shakedown. To this end, a combined Finite element-Infinite element

(FE-IE) method is utilized to calculate the dynamic elastic stress field due to rolling and sliding

contact between wheel and pavement surface considering the effect of moving speed. The rolling

and sliding contact is approximated by a moving Hertz distribution load, which is performed

through moving vertical and horizontal body forces simultaneously modeled by thin-layered

element above the pavement surface. Shakedown limits for both uniform and two-layered

pavement system at various moving speeds have been investigated, respectively. It is found that

the shakedown limit decreases with the increasing moving speed and then turns to increase when

the moving speed exceeds the Rayleigh wave speed. This dynamic effect is more profound when

the horizontal force is small. The influence of horizontal force on shakedown limit at various

moving speed is also discussed. Eventually, the impact of frictional coefficient and material

properties on shakedown limit for two-layered pavement is also investigated as can then be

applied to the optimal pavement design.

Keywords: dynamic shakedown; traffic moving speed; rolling and sliding contact; Finite

element-Infinite element (FE-IE)

Integrated approach to using technology of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

M.A. Lyubarskayaa, V.S. Merkusheva

b, P.A. Osian

c, A.A. Ilin

b, E.S. Svintsov

b

aSaint-Petersburg State University of Economics, ul. Sadovaya, d. 21, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

bEmperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-

Petersburg, Russia cBaltic Academy of Tourism and Entrepreneurship, JSC “Lemminkanen Stroy”, Saint-

Petersburg, ul. Petrozavodskaya, d.13, lit. A, Russia


The article analyses the problems of lack the system approach to using reclaimed asphalt

pavement technologies (RAP) in Russia. The purpose of this article is to review global

experience with RAP, identify common issues of implementation of this technology and develop

methods to ensure a comprehensive approach to the use of RAP in Russia.

The procedure of choosing a method of application RAP technology should addresses two main

issues: cost-effectiveness and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Determining the

most effective use of RAP technology is based on a combination of field and theoretical studies.

Keywords: RAP; asphalt pavement restoration technologies; asphalt recycling; cost-

effectiveness.

Laboratory investigations on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for using it as base course of

flexible pavement

Dulal Chandra Saha, J. N. Mandal

Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT - Bombay.

E-mail:[email protected], [email protected]

During Capacity augmentation of existing National Highway (NH) Projects, grade separated

structures in terms of Flyovers, Vehicular underpass (VUP), Pedestrian underpass (PUP), Cattle

underpasses (CUP) are proposed at regular intervals. Accordingly, existing road levels at

approaches of these structures are required to be raised making the existing pavement materials

redundant. Existing pavement materials are also obtained due to milling of existing pavement

surface before laying overlay for strengthening. The present study is to assess the suitability of

using these redundant pavement materials also called Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as

potential subbase / base course materials for flexible pavement. It was observed from literature

survey of various past studies that California bearing ratio (CBR) of 100% RAP is not suitable

for its use as base of flexible pavement as per Indian Standards (IRC). Accordingly, attempts

were made to improve strength of RAP in terms of CBR by mixing it with crushed stone

aggregates, stabilizing it with cement and combination of both. In the present study, laboratory

CBR tests have been conducted on RAP, mixture of RAP and crushed stone aggregates and also

on mixture of RAP and crushed stone aggregates stabilized with various percentages of cement.

It was observed that though un soaked CBR values of RAP were not influenced much due to its

mixing with crushed stone aggregates and/or stabilization with cement, soaked CBR values

increased substantially due to both mixing with crushed stone aggregates and stabilizing with

cement. The soaked CBR value of RAP increases from 20% to in excess of 100% when it is

mixed with crushed stone aggregates in various proportions and stabilized with small

percentages of cement and thereby making it suitable for using it as subbase/base of flexible

pavement. Modified proctor compaction tests were conducted on both RAP and mixture of RAP

and crushed stone aggregates to established optimum moisture content for the preparation of

CBR moulds for testings.

Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement; California bearing ratio; crushed stone aggregates.

Effective Repair and Refurbishment Compound for the Strengthening of a Road Concrete

Pavements

T.I. Boykova, V.Y. Solovyova, D.V. Solovyov

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr. 9, Saint



Road pavements for various purposes are constantly exposed to high traffic loads, high

temperature changes and aggressive influence of ice-reagents during winter, which cause a

negative effect on the durability of concrete. To restore the weakened concrete properties and

further protection an effective multifunctional material is needed.

A composite repair-protective material modified by a mixture of developed complex additive has

a compressive strength not less than 55,0 MPa, the abrasion resistance mark corresponds to an

abrasion brand G1, frost resistance corresponds to brand F2400, and wherein has a high adhesive

strength equal to 3,2 MPa for concrete B40 pavement providing a monolithic composition. This

material also has a high corrosion resistance. The designed repair material has a protective

penetrating ability, thereby increasing the strength of the concrete pavement on 2 classes, and

increasing the frost resistance on 100 cycles. The designed repair and protective material

successfully passed the pilot tests at the seaport territory.

Keywords: road pavement; resistance to abrasion; frost-resistance; corrosion resistance.

Concrete For Road Pavements

Tatyana Boikova, Dmitry Solovyov, Valentina Solovyova




To create a high performance road concrete it is advisable to use two complex additives

simultaneously with the aim of increasing concrete density, strength, hardness, corrosion

resistance and durability.

A complex admixture on the basis of a mix of polycarboxylate polymers modified by inorganic

substances including nanostructure elements SiO2×nН2О which are parts of silicic acid was

developed as an admixture of polyfunctional action (activating and plasticizing actions).

To increase crack resistance and tensile strength in bending and to decrease abrasion another

complex admixture on the basis of sparingly soluble salts of magnesium modified by silica with

different particle sizes was developed too.

Concrete with these two additives used in rational quantities is characterized by 58-59% increase

of compressive strength and 83-91% increase of tensile strength in bending, with coefficient of

crack resistance rising by 17-20%. The concrete abrasion corresponds to the G1grade of concrete

and the concrete freeze resistance – to F 2600 grade. The concrete water absorption is reduced by

40%. This increases the concrete density. Corrosion resistance of the modified concrete at the

age of 360 days is raised more than 15%.

The amount of sparingly soluble hydrated compounds is increased when these two additives are

applied together. The concrete designed with given additives is recommended for creation of an

effective pavement.

Keywords: concrete, pavement, crack resistance, freeze resistance, strength, durability.

Application of fiber-reinforced concrete in tram track foundation

V.V. Garbaruk, E.P. Dudkin , V.A. Ivliev

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint Petersburg, 190031,

Russia


The use of polymer fiber-reinforced concrete is one of the most promising trends in tram track

development. It was first successfully used as tram track foundation in 2010-2011. The analysis

of such structures has shown a number of their advantages: reduced construction time, economic

benefits in terms of reducing cost and labour, and construction technology simplification.

Mathematical modelling of structure strength characteristics and field testing specifying the

model parameters are required for the subsequent use of fiber-reinforced concrete as tram track

foundation.

Keywords: fiber-reinforced concrete; tram track design; strength calculation

Session 17

19 May 2017 13:45-15:15

Soil field testing

Evaluation of Engineering Characteristics of Lian-Yan Railway Soft Soil Based on CPTU

Data-A Case Study

Определение инженерных характеристик слабого грунта на линии Lian-Yan Railway

методом статического зондирования

Wei Duan, Songyu Liu, Guojun Cai

Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, China

Determination of Sandy Subsoil Stiffness on the Basis of Surface Vibration Measurement

Определение жесткости песчаного грунта на основании измерения вибрации на

поверхности

Wojciech Gosk, Krzysztof Robert Czech

Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland

Integration of Pavement Layer Evaluation Using LWD for Road Safety Control

Определение свойств покрытия с помощью дефлектометра для оценки безопасности

движения

Poranic Jitareekul, Auckpath Sawangsuriya , Pruethipong Singhatiraj

Department of Highways, Bangkok, Thailand

Geotechnical parameters of soil, considering the effect of additional compaction of

embankment

Определение геотехнических параметров грунта с учетом дополнительного

уплотнения насыпи

Łukasz Aleksander Kumor, Maciej Kordian Kumor, Monika Kopka

Geomatic and Geotechnical Department, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz,

Bydgoszcz, Poland

Geophysics

Non-invasive portable geophysical tool to monitor water content in earthen long linear

infrastructures

Переносной прибор неразрушающего контроля для оценки содержания воды в

линейных грунтовых сооружениях

S. Utilia, R. Castellanza

b, A. Galli

c, P. Sentenac

d

aUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

bUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

cPolitecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

dUniversity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK

Seismic and Geomechanical Monitoring of Transport Infrastructure on Undermined

Territories

Сейсмо-геомеханический контроль транспортных объектов на подрабатываемых

территориях

A.A. Baryakh, I.A. Sanfirov, A.G. Yaroslavtsev

Mining institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Perm

Lithological Profiling of Rocky Slopes Using GeoReader Software Based on the Results of

Ground Penetrating Radar Method

Определение сложения скальных откосов в программном комплексе GeoReader на

основе результатов георадиолокации

V.V. Pupatenko, Y.A. Sukhobok, G.M. Stoyanovich

Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

Evaluation of Engineering Characteristics of Lian-Yan Railway Soft Soil Based on CPTU Data-

A Case Study

Wei Duan, Songyu Liu, Guojun Cai

Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Tel.: +86-13913911288; fax: +86-025-83795086.


In this paper, the engineering characteristics of the soft soil in Guan-Yun section of Lian-Yan

railway were evaluated based on the CPTU test. The soil layer and classification of soil were

performed by using the multi-functional CPTU test. On the basis of results of the CPTU test, the

in-situ state parameters including the over consolidation ratio and the undrained shear strength

were provided. Simultaneously, the consolidation and permeability characteristics were studied.

The results showed that the silt and mucky soil was slightly overconsolidated and the clay was

overconsolidated. Moreover, the coefficient of permeability was small and the rate of settlement

consolidation was slow. The results revealed that the site engineering conditions were evaluated

more accurately by the multi-function CPTU test technology.

Keywords:CPTU; soilclassification;undrained shear strength;overconsolidation ratio;

consolidation and permeability

Determination of Sandy Subsoil Stiffness on the Basis of Surface Vibration Measurement

Wojciech Gosk, Krzysztof Robert Czech


45E Street, Bialystok 15-351, Poland


The main aim of the study is an attempt of determination of the stiffness modulus of sandy

subsoil based on analysis of data recorded during the measurements of vibrations conducted on

the surface of the ground. The procedure proposed in the article is similar, to some extent, to the

method of Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW). The main difference between the

proposed way and the SASW method is application of a different type of a ground load, the use

of accelerometers instead of geophones and application an backward analysis in place of the

most frequently used in geophysics factored wavelength method. Field tests of acceleration of

vibrations were carried out at measuring points located at a distance of 5 m and 10 m from the

source of vibration. The Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) was the source of

vibration. Measurements of vibration were executed using measuring system produced by

Siemens (LMS Scadas Recorder). The determination of the subsoil stiffness was made on the

basis of obtained results in two ways. The first simple way was based on measuring the time of

movement of the Rayleigh wave between the measuring points. The second way was to use the

own author’s computational program and backward analysis. The program based on the Finite

Difference Method (FDM) enabled the description of wave propagation in the ground under the

impact load. The proposed method allowed the determination of the average values of stiffness

modulus of subsoil G and E. This method can be useful for analysis of the level of vibrations

transmitted to the foundations of buildings. They can also be the basis of determination of the

necessary stiffness parameters for soil-structure interaction analysis in various problems of

dynamics of structures. It can be used to evaluate the stiffness of soil in road embankments. The

method is nondestructive (needs no boreholes) and can be fully automatized.

Keywords: soil stiffness, surface vibrations, vibration measurement, vibration propagation

Integration of Pavement Layer Evaluation Using LWD for Road Safety Control

Poranic Jitareekul, Auckpath Sawangsuriya , Pruethipong Singhatiraj

Department of Highways, Bangkok 10400, Thailand


As one of Thailand transport policies currently aims to reduce the death rate of road and traffic

accident, the Department of Highways authorities shall involve and raise awareness of the road

construction quality control and its long-term performance. Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD)

is gaining acceptance and popularity over years as the pavement and transportation geotechnics

community is currently moving toward more mechanistic-based design and quality control

evaluation of pavement layers and fill embankment. In this study, the LWD was used to measure

the surface deflection, d, and elastic modulus, ELWD, of pavement layers over 11 highway

construction sites in Thailand as well as to evaluate for the feasible adoption by Thailand

Department of Highways as a construction quality control device on the routine basis. A range of

d and ELWD values for four major types of pavement materials commonly used in Thailand

highway construction including crushed rock base, soil-aggregate subbase, selected material, and

subgrade was reported. The coefficient of variation of the d and ELWD of these pavement

materials ranged from 58 to 77% and 49 to 65%, respectively. Such large variability can be

explained due to the test site, material, testing configuration, moisture content, density, and

compacted thickness. The correction factor applied for different test configurations was also

proposed for practical implications. Finally, the number of empirical relationships between the

measured values from the LWD and basic properties of various pavement materials indicated

that they were generally in agreement with the conceptual relationships. The LWD device was

found to be a quick test for direct measurement of pavement surface deflection and layer moduli

and it was also simple to operate on any pavement layers. Therefore, increasing frequency of

quality control tests can be anticipated, resulting in an improvement in the overall quality of

compacted pavement layers and its long-term performance.

Keywords: light weight deflectometer; surface deflection; elastic modulus; pavement layer;

highway construction

Geotechnical parameters of soil, considering the effect of additional compaction of embankment

Łukasz Aleksander Kumor, Maciej Kordian Kumor, Monika Kopka

Geomatic and Geotechnical Department, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 7

Kaliskiego Str. 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland


The paper presents selected test results obtained during construction of multi-layer soil

embankments. It also provides the analysis of a new geotechnical approach, used for

construction of non-typical soil embankments, which takes into account the effect of additional

compaction of individual layers. The tests were conducted in in-situ conditions. As a result of

compaction of consecutive 30 filling layers with 0.30m in thickness, it was possible to develop a

statistical model allowing to assess the impact of overlying (higher) layers on successive

compaction of a layer of soil incorporated earlier. The obtained results allow for the assessment

of the influence of compaction of the higher layers on the increased soil compaction of the lower

layers.

Keywords: mechanical parameters, multi-layer earth embankments, compaction of bottom layers

by the top layer.

Non-invasive portable geophysical tool to monitor water content in earthen long linear

infrastructures

S. Utilia, R. Castellanza

b, A. Galli

c, P. Sentenac

d

aUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

bUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

cPolitecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

dUniversity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK


The use of electrical conductivity measurements from a non-invasive hand held electromagnetic

probe is showcased to monitor the water content of earthen embankments at routine inspections.

A methodology to convert the electrical conductivity measurements from the electromagnetic

device into water content values is illustrated. The methodology is based on measuring the soil

electrical conductivity variation with respect to a baseline reference condition and calibrating a

water content – electrical conductivity relationship by comparing electrical conductivity readings

from the electromagnetic probes with water content readings taken from geotechnical probes

installed in a few sections of the embankment.

The values of water content converted from the conductivity measurements according to the

proposed procedure were found to be in very good agreement with independent measures of

water content taken at times well beyond the calibration period.

Keywords: geophysics; health monitoring; electrical conductivity; water content; deterioration;

electromagnetic portable device.

Seismic and Geomechanical Monitoring of Transport Infrastructure on Undermined Territories

A.A. Baryakh, I.A. Sanfirov, A.G. Yaroslavtsev

Mining institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Perm,

Sibirskaya str., 78a


Development of deposits of water-soluble minerals is connected with the risk of the accidents

caused by the destruction of the waterproof stratum, and, as a consequence, water breakthrough

into the mines. Thereupon, besides the problem of the mine’s loss the problem of stability of the

massif uppermost part appears. This part includes the foundations of buildings and serves as the

base for railways and highways, bridges, dams, pipelines and etc.

At the present stage of remote geophysical techniques of monitoring and prediction of such

negative natural and technic origin, processes methods of high-resolution seismic survey on

reflected waves have been developed most of all. In addition to prompt acquisition of physical

and geological models of the section, the results of seismic observation’s interpretation are

proposed to be used as a part of parametric support for geomechanical calculations, which makes

possible to predict rock mass stability in the range of transport facilities located above the mines.

Keywords: remote monitoring, failures, geomechanics, seismic, karst

Lithological Profiling of Rocky Slopes Using GeoReader Software Based on the Results of

Ground Penetrating Radar Method

V.V. Pupatenko, Y.A. Sukhobok, G.M. Stoyanovich

Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia


The paper presents the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique for the survey of deforming

rocky slopes of the railway subgrades. The developed software GeoReader allows the delineation

of the boundaries in soils, which compose the slope, and definition of the possible slip surface.

We have summarized the results of the use of the technique in certain sections of the Far Eastern

Railway.

The current level of development in the sphere of geo-survey does not allow for the complete

abandonment of costly and labor-intensive conventional survey techniques, such as boring.

Nevertheless, in the near future geophysical methods will be able to provide complete

information on the object of investigation.

Keywords: ground penetrating radar, common-offset reflection survey, common-midpoint

method, subgrade

Session 18

19 May 2017 13:45-15:15

Geotechnical monitoring

Geotechnical and structural monitoring solutions

Решения для мониторинга состояния геотехнических сооружений и строительных

конструкций

Lorenzo Magni


Structural health and geotechnical monitoring during transport objects construction and

maintenance (Saint-Petersburg example)

Мониторинг при строительстве и эксплуатации транспортных объектов (на примере

Санкт-Петербурга)

Andrei Belyi, Eduard Karapetov, Yurii Efimenko


Bridges and viaducts monitoring

Мониторинг мостов и виадуков

Lorenzo Magni


Geodetic monitoring of deformation of building surrounding an underground construction

Геодезический мониторинг деформаций зданий, окружающих подземное сооружение,

возводимое открытым способом

M.J. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St.Petersburg, Russia

Application of laser scanning technology in geotechnical works on reconstruction of draw

spans of the Palace Bridge in Saint Petersburg

Применение технологии лазерного сканирования в геотехнических работах при

реконструкции разводных пролетов Дворцового моста в Санкт-Петербурге

N.V. Kanashin, A.A. Nikitchin, E.S. Svintsov


Monitoring of transport tunnel deformation at the construction stage

Мониторинг деформаций транспортных тоннелей на стадии строительства

M.Y. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova, A.A. Nikitchin


Monitoring of deformation processes in buildings and structures in metropolises

Мониторинг деформационных процессов при эксплуатации зданий и сооружений в

условиях мегаполиса

M.G. Mustafin, V.A. Valkov, A.I. Kazantsev

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Monitoring of quarry slope deformations with the use of satellite positioning technology

and unmanned aerial vehicles

Эффективные методы создания координатной основы для мониторинга линейных


D.V.Beregovoi, J.A.Younes, M.G.Mustafin

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Structural health and geotechnical monitoring during transport objects construction and

maintenance (Saint-Petersburg example)

Andrei Belyi, Eduard Karapetov, Yurii Efimenko

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovsky pr.,9, Saint-Petersburg 190031,

Russia


A considerable part of St. Petersburg transport objects demands special approaches to their

technical condition management on all lifecycle stages due to city construction and operation

specifics. Among them there are negative factors (climatic and technogenic nature) that are

actively influencing constructions technical condition.

Up-to-date diagnostic approach is various examples of monitoring systems implemented on city

transport objects: bridges, tunnels, embankments and mound constructions, as well as separate

elements of transport infrastructure. In particular, Bolshoi Ilyinsky Bridge and Gorelovsky

overpass.

As a successful example of combination of geotechnical monitoring methods and structural

health monitoring the method of technical condition control of the transport tunnel under the

river Smolenka as a part of the central section of the Western High-Speed Diameter (WHSD) in

St. Petersburg offered by authors is presented in this article.

Keywords:transport objects; megapolis maintenance specifics; technical condition; structural

health monitoring; geotechnical monitoring

Geodetic monitoring of deformation of building surrounding an underground construction

M.J. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova

Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.Petersburg 190031,

Russia


The article presents special aspects of geodetic monitoring of deformations of buildings

surrounding an underground construction. Special focus is on the question of establishment,

design and control of geodetic control network. It is suggested that geodetic control network

should be fixed with tape reflectors onto side surfaces of surrounding buildings, located out of

zone of possible deformations. Optimal location of control stations should be chosen using

analytic hierarchy process and with the account of maximum convenience of work performance.

The article deals with the most preferable methods of geodetic observations to control vertical

and horizontal deformations of context area buildings. Geodetic control of horizontal

deformations should be done by the method of free stationing, whereas geodetic control of

vertical deformations – by the method of geometric leveling using digital levels. Supplied

theoretical developments are illustrated by the example of 2nd stage of the Mariinsky Opera and

Ballet Theatre in St. Petersburg.

Keywords: underground construction, geodetic monitoring, geodetic control network, method of

free station position, deformations

Application of laser scanning technology in geotechnical works on reconstruction of draw spans

of the Palace Bridge in Saint Petersburg

N.V. Kanashin, A.A. Nikitchin, E.S. Svintsov


Russia


The article describes the experience of applying technology of terrestrial laser scanning in

geotechnical works while reconstructing the Palace Bridge in St. Petersburg. Engineering-

geodetic work required the survey of draw span pier including its external elements and internal

space with all equipment and machines, as well as the coordination of control points of the

equipment attaching the truss about wing axis. The survey network included 2 stages. At the first

stage we created its geodetic quadrangle framework the points of which were fixed by marks of

temporary fixation – dowels driven into the draw span piers. For the survey extension was

performed which required coordinates transmission (done by using polar resections) into each

pier through their technological windows and passages. The survey network points inside the

piers were fixed by scanner benchmarks. The survey was performed by terrestrial laser scanners.

The main aim of the survey was 3D models of the structures. Modeling of the structure elements

was done by integrating rigid-body geometric primitives into the point model being the result of

the survey. Rigid-body geometric primitives were created as a pattern of one of Autodesk

AutoCAD elements.

Keywords: bridge structures survey; terrestrial laser scanning; 3D modeling.

Monitoring of transport tunnel deformation at the construction stage

M.Y. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova, A.A. Nikitchin


Russia


The analysis of normative documents related to geodetic support of transport tunnel construction

showed that for now there are no integral monitoring methods providing surface tunnel structure

observation. Therefore, the authors substantiate a new technological scheme of geodetic

monitoring of portal parts of a tunnel under construction. To collect data about displacements of

tunnel portal structures it is suggested that control points should be fixed by reflective tape or

rotating prisms, and their coordinates should be located in an object’s coordinate system. It is

suggested that an original geodetic base should be fixed as geodetic points of forced centering

out of zone of virtual deformations. Deformation control benchmarks heights should be

measured by trigonometric leveling. It is shown that RMS error in measuring the heights of

points of geodetic monitoring network should not exceed 4mm. It is found that required accuracy

in network building can be provided by III class leveling. To collect data about the depth of

weak soils, located close to tunnel portals, as well as the borderlines of their sliding, it is for the

first time suggested that surveys should be conducted using borehole inclinometer. The research

proves that on pre-portal sites boreholes should be placed close to the group of deformation

control benchmarks.

Keywords: geodetic monitoring, transport tunnels.

Monitoring of deformation processes in buildings and structures in metropolises

M.G. Mustafin, V.A. Valkov, A.I. Kazantsev

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21-st line V.O., 2, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Russia


The work deals with the issues of safe construction and operation of buildings in metropolises.

One way to do that is to control deformation processes during construction of a new object near

the existing buildings. Normative methods are focused only on the measurement of displacement

of deformation control benchmarks put on the protected object. Emphasis is made on the

necessity of performing geodetic observations over deformations of the earth's surface. There are

results of numerical simulation of soil deformation near the pits. A method of observation with

implementation of different technological tacheometry schemes was developed. Second method

was used for monitoring of high-rise buildings. The concept of "high-rise building" was given an

explanation. Monitoring was performed by means of laser-scanning technology. Observation

methodology implies comparison of location of flat elements of the triangulation model of the

object in space at each measurement cycle. There are examples provided.

Keywords: monitoring, deformation, buildings and structures, high-rise building, geodetic

observations

Monitoring of quarry slope deformations with the use of satellite positioning technology and

unmanned aerial vehicles

D.V.Beregovoi, J.A.Younes, M.G.Mustafin

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21-st line V.O., 2, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Russia


In the article we describe the method of arrangement of monitoring of pit slopes deformations,

which differs significantly from the traditional (statutory) approaches. We use modern methods

of observation: satellite positioning technology and air drones. The original technology of

satellite measurements is used to provide control stations, to which subsequently survey points

using air drones are connected. Point cloud is optimized leaving the required amount. Irregular

filtering is applied, which is the basis for the pit models. Potential danger zones of pit slope,

which are compared during observations cycles, are allocated on the basis of modeling of the

deformed rock condition. This method allows using digital models of centimeter accuracy.

Keywords: deformation monitoring, displacements, coordinates, satellite positioning technology,

air drones, a digital model

Session 19

19 May 2017 15:30-17:00

Interaction of soil and engineering structures

Geological-engineering and geotechnical issues concerning the function of the railway

bridge across the Amgun’ river operated by the Far Eastern Railway

Инженерно-геологические и геотехнические аспекты функционирования моста через

р. Амгунь, эксплуатирующегося на Дальневосточной железной дороге

Kvashuk S.V., Smyshlyaev B.N.

Far East State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

Analysis of bridge foundation damage in Albania

Анализ дефектов оснований мостов в Албании

Mirva Gegaa, Luljeta Bozo

b

aRr.Ismail Qemali, Tirana 1019, Albania

bPolis University, Tirana 2995, Kashar Tirana, Albania

Solution of the Problem of Providing Railway Track Stability in Joint Sections Between

Railroad Facilities and Subgrade

Вариант решения проблемы обеспечения стабильности железнодорожного пути в

зоне стыковки искусственных сооружений с земляным полотном

G.M. Stoyanovicha, V.V. Pupatenko

a , D.Y. Maleev

a, K.V. Zmeev

b

aFar Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

bKhabarovsk center of track span lines and machinery of PDO I JSC “Russian Railways”

Khabarovsk, Russia

Design Method of Bridge Approach Improved by Deep Mixing Methods in Highway

Engineering

Проектирование подхода к мосту с применением метода глубокого перемешивания

грунта

Deng Yongfenga, Jing Fei

a, Feng Qi

b

aSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R.China

bSchool of Resource and Environment Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei

230009, P.R.China

The soil effect to efforts in rails of continuous welded rail track on bridges

Влияние грунтов на усилия в рельсах бесстыкового пути на мостах

V. N. Smirnova, A.O. Dyachenko

a, L.K. Dyachenko

a, L.A. Andreeva

b

a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St.Petersburg, Russia

bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, Moscow, Russia

The study of subgrade operating conditions at bridge abutment approach

Исследование условий работы грунтов земляного полотна в зоне примыкания

насыпи к устоям мостов

Dmitry Serebryakov a, Anastasia Konon

a, Evgeniy Zaitsev

b

a Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, St.

Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation bPetersburg State University of civil aviation, Pilotov Str., 38, St. Petersburg, 196210, Russian

Federation

Geotechnical aspects of security for long-operated underground collectors in conditions of

weak soils and increasing technogenic influences

Геотехнические аспекты обеспечения безопасности длительно-эксплуатируемых

подземных коллекторов в условиях слабых грунтов и возрастающих техногенных

воздействий при развитии мегаполисов

Perminov A.N.a , Perminov N.A.

b

a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

b SUE "Lengiproinzhproject", Saint Petersburg, Russia,

Geological-engineering and geotechnical issues concerning the function of the railway bridge

across the Amgun’ river operated by the Far Eastern Railway

Kvashuk S.V., Smyshlyaev B.N.

Far East State Transport University, 47 Seryshev Str., Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia


The operation of transport structures in the Russian Far East is characterized by specific common

features. The majority of engineering structures were built predominantly in the first half of the

20th century. Their construction employed simple technologies based on manual labor which

often resulted in inferior quality of work. In addition, the factors that aggravate the operational

reliability of the bridges are the severe climatic and complicated geological-engineering

conditions of the regions under consideration. The authors have analyzed the results of

monitoring the current status of the operating unclassified bridge structure and its geological

environment. The analysis has shown major destructive geological-engineering factors that cause

deformations and defects in the bridge supports and spans. The authors have provided a

qualitative and quantitative forecast on the bridge operation performance taking consideration of

the prospective increment in live load and railway traffic intensity.

Keywords: destructive geological processes and impacts; span and bridge support condition;

bearing capacity; forecast.

Analysis of bridge foundation damage in Albania

Mirva Gegaa, Luljeta Bozo

b

aRr.Ismail Qemali, Tirana 1019, Albania

bPolis University, Tirana 2995, Kashar Tirana, Albania


Albania is a mountain-hill territory with many water currents such as rivers, small springs, etc.

Therefore, the use of various bridge structures such as wood, metal, reinforced concrete, and

suspension has been crucial for the realization of road connections as solution for passage.

Political changes over the last 26 years have been accompanied by discordance in the

implementation of existing norms and construction maintenance regulations, with a tentative to

implement the Eurocodes together with the old Albanian codes. The problems created by this

confusion were worsened by natural and human interference causing foundation damage to the

bridge structures in Albania. These problems have mainly been investigated following river

fence destructions, flooding, earthquake, and landslide activities. In this paper we have the goal

to perform damage analysis on some bridges by following the method of geological and climatic

investigations accompanied by human activity impact that could be their cause of damage. The

main natural factors contributing to the damage of bridge foundations are geological and

hydrogeological conditions, erosion, and alteration while the human factors are river bed

excavation close to the bridge foundations, damage of river fences, and uncontrolled industrial

waste discharge. As a result some recommendation on the solution of damage will be introduced.

Keywords:foundation damage; damage analysis; geological investigation

Solution of the Problem of Providing Railway Track Stability in Joint Sections Between Railroad

Facilities and Subgrade

G.M. Stoyanovicha, V.V. Pupatenko

a , D.Y. Maleev

a, K.V. Zmeev

b

aFar Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia

bKhabarovsk center of track span lines and machinery of PDO I JSC “Russian Railways”

Khabarovsk, Russia


The paper presents the results of design, implementation and operational observations of

nonstandard track structures with variable stiffness in joint sections of bridges and tunnels with

regular subgrade. Technical and economic efficiency evaluation based on long-term real data

analysis was carried out.

It was experimentally confirmed that the sub-rail base stiffness changes reach 5-8 times, force

unevenness exists and intensive residual deformations accumulate on the approaches to bridges

and tunnels under passing trains. Several designs of reinforced concrete slabs, frames and

monolithic concrete were developed to smoothly change the stiffness, reduce intensive

accumulations of residual deformations. Empiric relationships between the development of

settlements within the structures of variable stiffness and the tonnage passed were found.

Additional technical decisions were proposed to improve the performance of the structures

invented. Maintenance of track approaches to bridges and tunnels cost reduction was proven.

Keywords: sub-rail base modulus of elasticity; variable stiffness; subsidence; efficiency; rigid

layer

Design Method of Bridge Approach Improved by Deep Mixing Methods in Highway

Engineering

Deng Yongfenga, Jing Fei

a, Feng Qi

b

aSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R.China

bSchool of Resource and Environment Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei

230009, P.R.China


The deep mixing method was usually adopted to improve the thick deposited soft clay

foundation in highway engineering, especially in the bridge approach section. In these projects,

the uneven foundation was artificially formed which may cause the different settlement after the

embankment operation. To solve this problem, there are two methods usually employed, i.e. (1)

changing the column spacing and (2) changing column length, but there is not symmetric

solution. In this paper, the control standard of the different slope ratio is first discussed, and then

the FEM simulations of the above two methods were performed considering a lot of combination

geological and highway cases. The results show that the probabilistic model based on the

relationship between the maximum slope different slope ratio and the stiffness ratio and the

column length ratio could overcome this problem. Finally, the empirical design methods

controlling the relative stiffness ratio and the relative length ratio were proposed.

Keywords: Design method; Bridge approach; Deep mixing method; maximum slope different

slope ratio

The soil effect to efforts in rails of continuous welded rail track on bridges

V. N. Smirnova, A.O. Dyachenko

a, L.K. Dyachenko

a, L.A. Andreeva

b

a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.Petersburg 190031,

Russia bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia


The present work contains the results of studies devoted to determining the effect of the stiffness

of bridge piers in the plane of the bridge structures on the longitudinal forces in the rails welded

rails on the bridge. The calculations used the finite element method. As a design scheme of the

receiving system “bridge-jointlesstrack”, and spans were assumed to be riding on the ballast, so

that the connection between the rail and the rail base were made of elastic-plastic. As a result of

the analysis revealed the dependence of the longitudinal forces in the rails welded rails on the

bridge of stiffness parameters bridge supports. In particular, we studied the influence of the

stiffness of soil at the base of the supports efforts in the rails of the deck with welded through.

Keywords:rails, jointless track, bridge, stiffness, piers, soil

The study of subgrade operating conditions at bridge abutment approach

Dmitry Serebryakov a, Anastasia Konon

a, Evgeniy Zaitsev

b

a Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, St.

Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation bPetersburg State University of civil aviation, Pilotov Str., 38, St. Petersburg, 196210, Russian

Federation


There is an ongoing problem of interaction between bridges and rail tracks. Interaction zones

suffer early failure because of sudden stiffness change. There are some ways to equalize uneven

stiffness – geogrid and geopier reinforcement, cement treatment, using of concrete boxes filled

with crushed stone, using ballast glue / bond and so on. The presented study is devoted to

oscillation distribution in subgrade at bridge abutment approach. Occurring oscillation was

described with vibratory displacement amplitudes. Test sites had versatile stiffness structures –

geogrid reinforcement and concrete boxes filled with crushed stone.

Keywords: bridge transition zone; geogrid reinforcement; oscillation; vibratory displacement

Geotechnical aspects of security for long-operated underground collectors in conditions of weak

soils and increasing technogenic influences

Perminov A.N.a , Perminov N.A.

b

a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, [email protected], St. Petersburg, Russia

b SUE "Lengiproinzhproject", perminov-n@mailru, Saint Petersburg, Russia,

Intensive development of megalopolises calls the need for sustainable functioning of facilities of

the underground urban infrastructure. The special protection against technogenic influence is

required for long operated tunnel sewage collectors related to the structures of high level of

responsibility.

This article, based on extensive materials of 30 years of experience in studying the work of the

tunnel collectors in conditions of weak soils and intense external static and dynamic influences,

describes new methods of diagnosing their technical condition, classification features of defects

of the tunnel construction, and methods of determining the residual life of their bearing capacity,

as well as the results of modeling the collaboration "tunnel – geomassif" system work at various

static and dynamic loads and comparison with experimental data on experimental objects.

Keywords: tunnel collectors, protective measures, geotechnical monitoring.

Session 20

19 May 2017 15:30-17:00

Techniques of earth foundation strengthening

Polymers for stabilization of soft clay soils

Полимеры для стабилизации слабых глинистых грунтов

M. Mirzababaeia, A. Arulrajah

b, M. Ouston

c

aCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia

bSwinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia

cCentral Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia

Engineering properties of carbonated reactive magnesia-stabilized silt under different

activity index

Инженерные свойства сатурированного активного ила, стабилизированного окидом

магния, при разной степени активности

Liu Song-Yua, Cai Guang-Hua

a, Du Yan-Jun

a, Zhu Heng

b, Wang Ping

b

aInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, China.

bNanjing Dong Da Geotechnical Engineering Technology Co. LTD, China.

Experimental research of spatial variation of compaction effect on vibratory probe

compaction method for ground improvement

Лабораторное исследование пространственного изменения эффекта уплотнения при

методе уплотнения вибрационным зондированием для упрочнения грунта

Yuan Chenga,b,c

, Hehua Zhua, Fei Jing

c, Guangyin Du

c , Chao Yan

d, Zhibin Liu

c

aCollege of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

bSuzhou Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215004, China

cInstitute of geotechnical engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

dCollege of engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China

Study of phosphates use in electrochemical treatment of water-saturated argillaceous soils

Исследование возможности применения фосфатных соединений для

электрохимической обработки водонасыщенных глинистых грунтов

ViktorV. Ganchits, Viktoriia A. Cherniaeva


Soil Reinforcement And Detoxication By Means Of Mineral Binder Systems

Укрепление и детоксикация грунтов минеральными вяжущими системами

Kristina Malchevskaya, Antonina Sakharova , Alexandr Kabanov

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Influence of chemical additives on shrinkage and swelling characteristics of bentonite clay

Влияние химических добавок на характеристики усадки и набухания бентонитовой

глины

M.V. Shaha , H.J. Pandya

b, A.D. Shukla

c

aApplied Mechanics, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-380015, India

b Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, DD University, Nadiad, India

c SSCSSN, Research Laboratory, DD University, Nadiad, India

Polymers for stabilization of soft clay soils

M. Mirzababaeia, A. Arulrajah

b, M. Ouston

c

aCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia

bSwinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia

cCentral Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia

Tel.: +61-03-96160626. E-mail: [email protected]

In this study, the influence of two chemical additives, (i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA and 1,2,3,4

Butane Tetra Carboxylic Acid, BTCA on the engineering properties of an expansive clay soil is

investigated. The effect of polymers on the unconfined compression strength of soil samples

prepared at maximum dry unit weight (i.e., 16.2 kN/m3 and 17% water content) and a lower dry

unit weight (i.e. 10.8 kN/m3 and 48% water content) was evaluated. PVA and BTCA added at

dosages of 0.1% to 1.5% and 0.1% to 0.5% respectively to both compacted soil samples and

cured for 1 and 14 days. The results of unconfined compression tests on clay soil samples

stabilized with different PVA and BTCA contents cured for 1 and 14 days indicated that such

hydrophilic polymers improve the compression strength of both dense and soft clay soils

significantly and their strength even increases with curing time. However, the efficiency of the

additives is highly dependent on the unit weight of the soil. Furthermore, the durability of

stabilized samples was also examined using soaking tests and results revealed that these

polymers improve the durability of clay soils once they are soaked under water.

Keywords: Soft clay soils; Unconfined compression strength test; Strain energy; Poly(vinyl

alcohol); 1,2,3,4 Butane Tetra Carboxylic Acid

Engineering properties of carbonated reactive magnesia-stabilized silt under different activity

index

Liu Song-Yua, Cai Guang-Hua

a, Du Yan-Jun

a, Zhu Heng

b, Wang Ping

b

aInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.

bNanjing Dong Da Geotechnical Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210018, China.

Tel.: +86-025-83795086; fax: +86-025-83795086.


Engineering properties of soft soils can gain great improvement through the addition of reactive

magnesia (MgO) and further carbonation of substantial gaseous CO2 absorbed. The paper

studies the influence of MgO activity index on engineering properties of the carbonated silt with

different water-MgO ratio. The engineering properties are investigated mainly through

unconfined compression tests, and then the strength development are explained by the scanning

electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of

carbonated MgO-stabilized soils were greatly influenced by MgO activity index and water-MgO

ratio, and the unconfined compressive strength of reactive MgO-stabilized soil has increased

obviously after CO2 carbonation. With increasing MgO activity index and reducing water-MgO

ratio, the unconfined compressive strength increased, and the failure mode of carbonated

specimens approximately changes from elastic-plastic to brittleness as well as their failure strain

mainly ranges between 0.5% and 2.3%. The deformation modulus of carbonated silt generally

increases with increasing unconfined compressive strength, and the ratio of the deformation

modulus to unconfined compressive strength is about 35 to 150. A simplified equation with

combining MgO activity index and water-MgO ratio is proposed for accurately predicting the

unconfined compressive strength of carbonated MgO-stabilized soils. Moreover, the

microstructural characteristics explain the strength gain of carbonated MgO-stabilized soils.

Keywords: reactive magnesia; activity index; soft soil; carbonation; engineering properties.

Experimental research of spatial variation of compaction effect on vibratory probe compaction

method for ground improvement

Yuan Chenga,b,c

, Hehua Zhua, Fei Jing

c, Guangyin Du

c , Chao Yan

d, Zhibin Liu

c

aCollege of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

bSuzhou Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215004, China

cInstitute of geotechnical engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

dCollege of engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China

Tel.: +86-25-83795086; fax: +86-25-83795086.


In order to demonstrate effectiveness of vibratory probe compaction at silt deposit, a self-

developed vibratory probe with cross section and compaction equipment were adopted to treat

silt deposit at Suqian-Xinyi Expressway liquefiable site in China. Field pilot tests were

conducted to study spatial variation of compaction effect. It is shown that strength increase at

vibration point is largest after ground improvement, while a small increase occured at 1m, but

not 2m from vibration point. The radial influence range and effective reinforcement radius are

2m and 1m. The largest settlement is in a zone within a radius about twice the probe diameter.

The major settlement occurred immediately after compaction, slightly increased with time.

Keywords: vibratory probe compaction; vibratory probe with cross section; spatial variation

Study of phosphates use in electrochemical treatment of water-saturated argillaceous soils

ViktorV. Ganchits, Viktoriia A. Cherniaeva

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, 190031,

Russia

Tel.:+7 -812-407-43-40; fax: +7-812-407-43-40


This article covers laboratory and field studies dealing with interaction between phosphorus acid

compounds and argillaceous soils when exposed to DC electrical field. The formulations and

methods of electrolyte introduction are described which provide a uniform improvement of soils

across the whole inter-electrode space. Determined maximal uniformity of improvement was

demonstrated by the soil sample treated with 5 % ZnO. The highest strength of 0.89 MPa in the

anode zone and uniform soil improvement was reached using electrolyte with density of 1.12

g/cm3.

Keywords:Electro chemical, Sandy clay, Electro-osmosis

Soil Reinforcement And Detoxication By Means Of Mineral Binder Systems

Kristina Malchevskaya, Antonina Sakharova , Alexandr Kabanov




In the paper the problem of pollution of the railway ballast by heavy metals is considered. Heavy

metals migrate into the soil under the action of precipitation and acid rain. Environmental

pollution caused by heavy metal ions is particularly hazardous. Unlike other pollutants in soils

the heavy metal ions reserve for a long time even after removal of the pollution source. The

ability of heavy metal ions to migrate to soil, into the underground, ground and surface water, to

accumulate in food leads to the need of consideration of their impact on human health. Heavy

metals are carcinogenic. To solve this ecological problem we offer to reinforce contaminated

ballast by means of binder systems having geoecoprotective properties against heavy metal ions.

Keywords: heavy metals ions, railway track, ballast, binder systems, geoecoprotective properties.

Influence of chemical additives on shrinkage and swelling characteristics of bentonite clay

M.V. Shaha , H.J. Pandya

b, A.D. Shukla

c

aApplied Mechanics, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-380015, India

b Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, DD University, Nadiad, India

c SSCSSN, Research Laboratory, DD University, Nadiad, India

E-mail address: [email protected]

The montmorillonite clays were modified with Coco-amidopropylene betaine (CAPB) and

Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) having different alkyl chain lengths and also modified with

Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) having a the benzyl substitute group had to reduce the swelling

and shrinkage characteristics of montmorillonite clay. The modified organo clays were

characterized by different analytical techniques. After knowing swelling and shrinkage

characteristic of montmorillonite clay, it will be treated with three chemical admixtures i.e.

Cocamidoproply betaine (CAPB), Benzalkoniumchloride (BKC), Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)

at different proportion i.e. 1%, 1% and 3% respectively. Those chemicals have a good potential

for use in geotechnical applications with proper use of soil-chemistry interaction and its possible

perceptions on clay surface in relation to moisture variation.

Keywords: Shrinkage, swelling, bentonite, chemical additives, water wettability

Session 21

19 May 2017 15:30-17:00

Geotechnical modelling

Usage of the «BRNL-FT» program for foundation calculation using the method of the

predefined equated soil settlements

Использование программы «BRNL-FT» для расчёта фундаментов по одинаковой

задаваемой осадке

Alekseev S.I., Kondrat'ev S.O.


Prediction of natural and technogenic negative processes based on the analysis of relief and

geological structure

Прогнозирование природных и техногенных негативных процессов на основе

изучения особенностей рельефа и геологического строения территорий

A.A. Kuzin, E.N. Grishchenkova, M.G. Mustafin

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

The impact of engineering-geologic conditions on the development of railway subgrade

design solutions

Влияние инженерно-геологических характеристик на развитие технических

решений железнодорожного земляного полотна

Alpysova V.A., Bushuev N.S., Shkurnikov S.V., Shulman D.O.


Design and construction of transport facilities

Engineering and geological audit in design and construction of linear transport facilities

Инженерно-геологический аудит при проектировании и строительстве линейных

транспортных объектов

M.E. Nikulina, D.N. Gorobtsov, V.V Pendin

Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Moscow, Russia

Forecast for Terms of Culvert Inspection and Repair

Прогнозирование сроков обследования и ремонта водопропускных труб

M. G. Ryumin, E.S. Shepitko

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia

Transport interchanges design features in seismically dangerous and densely built-up areas

Особенности проектирования транспортных развязок в сейсмически опасных

районах в условиях плотной городской застройки

Serebryakov D.V., Lebedeva V.G., Govorov V.V.


Justification and expansion of spheres of application of the tram

Обоснование и расширение сфер применения трамвая

E.P. Dudkin, K.A. Smirnov, S.A. Doronicheva


Method of tram track structures feasibility study

Методика технико-экономического обоснования конструкции трамвайных путей

E.P. Dudkin, E.N. Zaitsev, S.V. Kolankov


Usage of the «BRNL-FT» program for foundation calculation using the method of the predefined

equated soil settlements

Alekseev S.I., Kondrat'ev S.O.

Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, Saint



The article considers the use of developed software, which is designed for spread foundation

calculation using proposed method of predefined (by project designer) equated settlements. This

method allows to decrease differential settlements to minimum acceptable value and to prevent

the emergence of settlement cracks in building structures. Problem statement: Modern

calculation of soils (according to the Russian building code «SP 22.13330.2011») limits an

actual soil pressure Pi by means of design resistance of a soil R. At the same time the pressure

range (R<Pi<Pult) is not widely used. This circumstance makes actual development of the spread

foundation calculation method using specified pressure range. The purpose of the article is to

improve the spread foundation calculation method in respect of reduction of difficulty to apply

of proposed method by developing the software. Basics: Proposed method of foundation design

is based on the nonlinearity coefficient of elasto-plastic deformation of soil and is used in the

developed program «BRNL-FT». This program allows designing new and reconstructed

foundations. Conclusion: «BRNL-FT» allows designing foundations on the soils, which are at

the nonlinear stage of deformation. Consideration of the nonlinear stage makes possible to take

more economical design solutions and promotes development of the resource-saving

technologies in foundation engineering.

Keywords: settlement computation, foundation tilt, predefined equated soil settlement

Prediction of natural and technogenic negative processes based on the analysis of relief and

geological structure

A.A. Kuzin, E.N. Grishchenkova, M.G. Mustafin

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21 line V.O., 2, Saint-Petersburg 199106, Russia


The article presents research on predicting landslides of different origin; also addressed an

important question of spatial specification of earth surface displacement in undermining areas.

Normative and methodological sources have no concrete solutions to these issues for a variety of

territory conditions. For prediction of natural landslides used digital elevation models built on

the basis of the airborne laser scanning data. Dangerous areas are modeled on the landslide

potential and with neural network analysis. Suggested the technique of technogenic landslide

prediction. Determined the influence of landslide curvature parameter (in horizontal plane) on

the basis of numerical 3D simulations. Showed technological schemes of pit edge deformation

observations. Described the technique of instrumental observations on the spatial determination

of earth surface subsidence zone in undermining. Used laser scanning system. Dynamic

visualization of the earth surface is implemented in 3ds Max.

Keywords: landslides, pit edge, deformations, displacement trough.

The impact of engineering-geologic conditions on the development of railway subgrade design

solutions

Alpysova V.A., Bushuev N.S., Shkurnikov S.V., Shulman D.O.

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University. 9, Moskovsky av., St.


E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

An analysis of hydro-meteorological and engineering-geological conditions of the Russia’s

Eastern Siberia and the Far East is provided in the article.

To assess the disruptive effect of earthquakes on the railway track elements a unified parameter

is selected – the magnitude of admissible stress σr. A multi-factor research is conducted for the

fixed seismicity value of 8 points. The analysis of stability is based on the formula by G.M.

Shakhunyants accounting for seismicity.

Basing on the analysis performed the optimal design solutions for embankments with account of

soil conditions and earthquake effects are proposed. Recommendations for the embankment

structure’s optimization are given.

Keywords: Subgrade, permafrost soil, seismicity, seismic resistance, damping layer, multiple

classification analysis

Engineering and geological audit in design and construction of linear transport facilities

M.E. Nikulina, D.N. Gorobtsov, V.V Pendin




At present the quality assessment methodology of engineering and geological researches results

does not exist. The article describes this problem on the example of linear facilities. To deal with

this problem we propose to use the methodology of engineering and geological audit. It will

allow regulating different types of activities on the design and construction stages. It will also let

getting objective information about studied facility. Through the establishment of quality system

we are reaching the needed quality level of engineering and geological investigations. This

system is a set of management solutions and methodologies. The system allows exploring the

engineering structures without risks. Besides, in this work we give the reason of the audit using.

We demonstrate it on the basis of the analysis modern methods of control surveys and their main

disadvantages. Practical importance of the audit is given on the example of linear object design

and construction. The audit allow to reduce material costs and increase the safety of engineering

structures maintenance, regardless of their responsibility level and complexity of engineering

and geological conditions.

Keywords: engineering and geological audit; engineering researches; quality assessment system;

transport facilities; control.

Forecast for Terms of Culvert Inspection and Repair

M. G. Ryumin, E.S. Shepitko

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Obraztsova st., 9, bld. 9, 127994, Moscow,

Russia


Culverts which were built in different years, by different organizations and of different types of

materials are one of the most important elements of railways and highways. The culverts work

jointly with the foundation and roadbed grounds, thus degeneration processes in pipes and

culverts has a direct influence on the safety and reliability of the transport object they belong to.

Consequently, importance of the technical condition estimation and forecast increases. The

repair of the underground objects requires significant financial expenses that can be avoided by

proper forecast for terms of culver repair.

The method of the forecast for terms of railway and highway culverts inspection and repair based

on fuzzy logic is presented in this paper. The degradation rate that depends on the culvert age

and technical condition is obtained as a result.

The considered approach allows planning the terms of culverts inspection and repairing

reasonably, that significantly increases the safety of the transportation objects and decreases the

maintenance expenses.

Keywords: forecast for condition; fuzzy logic; degradation rate; roadbed; foundation grounds

Transport interchanges design features in seismically dangerous and densely built-up areas

Serebryakov D.V., Lebedeva V.G., Govorov V.V.



The article describes design peculiar properties of multi-level transport interchange in

Karasunsky administrative district of the city of Krasnodar city with a roundabout location at the

intersection at a higher level and organization of tram rail traffic in ramp. The interchange is

designed with maximum convenience for drivers and passengers of all modes of transport. The

project combines modern technological solutions, which is allowed to realize project in a

seismically dangerous area in conditions of dense building. The use of seismic isolation and

strengthening of the structure with proper design ensures the reliability of structures and the

absence of necessary rehabilitation works after an earthquake.

Keywords: multi-level interchange; seismic; tram; embankment; technological solutions

Justification and expansion of spheres of application of the tram

E.P. Dudkin, K.A. Smirnov, S.A. Doronicheva

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-

Petersburg, Russia


The modern constructions of tram tracks are very various. Presently at construction, repair and

current maintenance of the tracks it is important to consider not only economic indicators

(capital and operating costs) and technical features (speed, carrying capacity, travel time), but

esthetic attractiveness. Lately much attention is given to the ecological factors (noise, vibration

and environmental pollution). Especially this is important to consider in historical districts. This

article is devoted to choosing of the most effective type of public passenger transport, methods

of ground of usable area of tram and ways of their expansion, taking into account the stated

factors. For justification of such decisions is proposed the mathematical model and calculation of

the integral of the discounted cost of the three designs of tram ways, at different solving these

problems. Also in this work identifies the main actions for increase of competitiveness and

efficiency of investments into modernization of existing and construction of new tram lines,

which allows to significantly expand the scope of its application.

Keywords: public passenger transport, noise, vibration, environmental pollution, construction of

tram way

Method of tram track structures feasibility study

E.P. Dudkin, E.N. Zaitsev, S.V. Kolankov

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-

Petersburg, Russia

Civil Aviation Petersburg State University, Pilotov street 38, Saint-Petersburg, Russia


Тhe article deals with assessment of the economic efficiency of different tram track structures.

The analysis of currently used performance indicators is performed. And the use of these

indicators to a simple payback period is justified It is recommended to calculate a simple

payback period on the basis of the modified methodology for assessing reduced costs, as

determined by budgetary financing of these projects. The possibility of evaluating a simple

payback period of investment analytical and graph-analytic methods is analysed

Keywords: tramway track construction, economic evaluation, capital costs, current maintenance,

payback period

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The Federal Agency for Railway Transport Emperor Alexander ... year...The Federal Agency for Railway Transport Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University St. Petersburg,