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The feasibility of undertaking a naturalistic driving project in
New Zealand
Peter Baas
Current road safety research tools
Police crash data (CAS)
Limited by Police: role, resources and reporting
Driving simulator studies at Waikato Uni
Snapshot in controlled environment
Need to understand real life driving behaviours
Examples of possible NDB use in New Zealand
Driver inattention Driver fatigue Failure to see other party Young drivers Safety of older drivers Self explaining roads Link between safety and fuel efficiency Fleet safety
Road designs that promote desirable driver behaviour
Changing driver scripts and schema (hierarchy of roads)
Self explaining roads
Next stage of SER research
MSI (FRST) funded research with instrumented vehicle:
Influence of road environment on speed
Road features that redirect driver attention
Tandem model (Samuel Charlton)
Safety & fuel efficiency
Common driving style:
– Anticipating situation ahead
– Driving to the conditions
– Maintaining a relaxed, calm driving style
– Managing speed
35% difference between drivers in amount of fuel used
Alexander Petroleum
Achieved in 3 years:– 18% reduction in fuel consumption (l/100km) – 50% reduction in incidents – 99% reduction in 90km/h speed exception
reports from vehicle instrumentation
Four main factors addressed:– Management / leadership– Drivers– Vehicles– Journey
SAFEDNZ
MOT and NZTA driver training scheme
Based on UK govt scheme with proven safety and fuel efficiency benefits
Launched July 2010
284 drivers trained (7.26% fuel saving on day of training)
– www.safednz.govt.nz
SAFEDNZ Senior instructors
Reduction in trip time
Reduction in fuel use
Reduction in gear changes
Reduction in brake use
Reduction in braking distance
Reduction in time spent braking
6.0% 4.9% 48.2% 25.7% 38.3% 49.8%
• Standard circuit ~ 35 km long
• Mix of: urban and rural roads, intersections and different terrains
• Before and after measurements
Effect on travel time
Fuel savings diminish when driver has to manage fuel and time saving together (Dogan et al 2011)
Drivers speed to keep the boss happy
Small reductions in posted speed limit have minor impact on travel time (Archer, Fotheringham et al 2008, Haworth, Ungers et al 2001)
5 minute difference in travel time but 30% difference in fuel use for 61km journeys in Melbourne (RACV 2000)
Influence of fleet management on safety
Fleets with good safety management systems: have less than ½ the crash rate of those that don’t irrespective of fault
Crash rates halved when safety management systems introduced
Based on: – Analysis of the crash rates of 48,000 heavy vehicles in NSW,
Queensland and Victoria, half of which were accredited to Trucksafe or NHVAS
– US, Australian, Canadian and other studies
NDB tool limitations
Cost: NZ has very small road safety research budget
Large sample sizes often required
Variables measured and equipment required can vary considerably
Data analysis can be complex and time consuming
May be more suited for comparative studies in NZ especially the effectiveness of interventions
Possible equipment options
Most have GPS, video cameras (2 to 6), accelerometers, microphone and event trigger
Range in price from $500 to >$60,000
DriverVisionR by Transecurity (ex 100 car study) about $15,000
Low cost systems ($500 to $1,000) developed for fleet monitoring purposes (e.g. Drive Cam). Promoted by insurance companies.
Key measures for basic system
Camera data
GPS
Lateral and longitudinal acceleration
Speed
Speech (to help identify events)
T-eye ADR3000 trial Video images acceptable
Unable to identify events from accelerometer (poor resolution)
Generally difficult to identify events. Would require highly trained observers
Driver wore sunglasses most of the time, making it very hard to check if distracted
Looking at trialling SBX3100 device
For Self Explaining Roads research will use Waikato Uni instrumented vehicle.
Summary
NDB tools provide the opportunity to make a major step forward in the understanding how to improve road safety and fuel efficiency
Likely NZ use is for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions because of cost
International collaboration would help